Intimate partner violence and engagement in HIV care and treatment among women

Pregnancy represents a time of increased risk for intimate partner violence (IPV), and an HIV diagnosis further increases the vulnerability of this at-risk group. This study explores experiences of recent IPV using qualitative interviews with N = 12 HIV-positive pregnant women recruited from a clinical setting in South Africa, a location with a high global prevalence of IPV and HIV. Partner dynamics around IPV resulted in HIV shame and stigma and adversely affected engagement in HIV care and HIV treatment behaviors. The results highlight the challenges women face in navigating disclosure of both IPV and HIV, accessing necessary support, and engaging in both HIV-related and pregnancy-related care in the context of an abusive relationship.

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Effects of Depression, Stigma and Intimate Partner Violence on Postpartum Women’s Adherence and Engagement in HIV Care in Kenya

AIDS and Behavior ◽

10.1007/s10461-019-02750-y ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 1807-1815 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maricianah Onono ◽

Tobias Odwar ◽

Lisa Abuogi ◽

Kevin Owuor ◽

Anna Helova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Hiv Care ◽

Engagement In Hiv Care

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Intimate Partner Violence Among Women Accessing HIV-Care Services at Tertiary Hospitals in Ogun State, Nigeria: Implications for Policy and Practice

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260520909189 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 088626052090918

Author(s):

Olumide Abiodun ◽

Kolawole Sodeinde ◽

Fikayo Bamidele ◽

Yejide Ojinni ◽

John Adekeye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Hiv Care ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Current Smoking Status ◽

Ogun State ◽

Hiv Positive Women ◽

Tertiary Hospitals

Intimate partner violence is both a predisposing factor for and sequelae of HIV infection. It is more likely for HIV-positive women to experience intimate partner violence compared with HIV-negative women. Previous researches have described the other risk factors for intimate partner violence. This cross-sectional study identified the correlates of intimate partner violence among HIV-positive women accessing HIV-care. We interviewed 458 women accessing HIV-care at the three tertiary hospitals in Ogun State, Nigeria. Trained research assistants conducted 10-min structured interviews with validated questionnaires. We carried out descriptive, bivariate, and regression analyses. We used the backward elimination technique to build a model to predict the experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) within the preceding 12 months. We set the level of significance at .05. A total of 23 (5.02%) participants reported IPV within the preceding 12 months, while the prevalence of lifetime intimate partner violence was 24.02%. Younger age, the experience of IPV in previous relationships, and having multiple sex partners were related to the experience of IPV within the preceding 12 months ( p < .05). Also, the partners’ age, alcohol intake, and current smoking status were associated with the experience of IPV within the preceding 12 months ( p < .05). After regression analysis, participants’ age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.892, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.831, 0.957]), experience of IPV in previous relationship (AOR = 12.841, 95% CI = [4.303, 38.318]), and partners’ current smoking status (AOR = 4.874, 95% CI = [1.252, 18.969]) retained association with the experience of IPV within the preceding 12 months. IPV among HIV-positive women accessing HIV-care occurs in a complicated, context-specific way. Routine HIV strategies and services should include interventions that involve men and address gender power imbalances. For effectiveness, specific interventions must consider women’s’ specific context and characteristics.

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Implementing an Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Screening Protocol in HIV Care

AIDS Patient Care and STDs ◽

10.1089/apc.2014.0306 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 133-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Sadaf E. Raissi ◽

Hartmut B. Krentz ◽

Reed A.C. Siemieniuk ◽

M. John Gill

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Hiv Care ◽

Screening Protocol

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Perceived Barriers to HIV Care and Viral Suppression Comparing Newly Diagnosed Women Living with HIV in Rural Uganda with and without a History of Intimate Partner Violence

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/08862605211028284 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 088626052110282

Author(s):

Ijeoma Nwabuzor Ogbonnaya ◽

Elizabeth Reed ◽

Rhoda K. Wanyenze ◽

Jennifer A. Wagman ◽

Jay G. Silverman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Viral Suppression ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Hiv Care ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Women Living With Hiv ◽

History Of ◽

To Come ◽

Living With Hiv

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with poor HIV care linkage and retention, medication adherence, and viral suppression. However, limited knowledge exists regarding potential mechanisms linking IPV to these outcomes. We aimed to (a) identify the top barriers to accessing HIV care experienced by women living with HIV (WLHIV) who report a history of IPV and have suppressed viral load (VL) versus unsuppressed VL and (b) understand how these barriers influence VL, comparing WLHIV with a history of IPV to WLHIV without a history of IPV. Study data come from newly diagnosed WLHIV in rural Uganda participating in the standard-of-care control arm of a randomized trial ( n = 152). Descriptive results ranking mean scores from highest to lowest showed that, among women with a history of IPV, irrespective of viral suppression status, paying for transportation to come to clinic, having to wait at the clinic for long periods of time, and finding a clinic within reasonable travel distance were the top three barriers to accessing HIV care. WLHIV with a history of IPV were significantly more likely to have unsuppressed VL versus suppressed VL if they reported higher levels of difficulty finding a clinic within reasonable travel distance (RRR = 1.7, 95% CI [1.1–2.7]), getting permission to take time off from work (RRR = 1.5, 95% CI [1.0–2.9]), and finding time to come to the clinic for an appointment (RRR = 1.6, 95% CI [1.0–2.6]). The same relationships were not present among WLHIV without a history of IPV, suggesting these barriers and their effect on VL may be uniquely related to IPV. Interventions should address IPV and HIV care continuum outcomes in tandem, targeting barriers to accessing HIV care likely associated with IPV. Additional research is necessary to better understand how IPV relates to HIV care barriers and VL.

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Enhancing domestic violence advocates’ ability to discuss HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP): Feasibility and acceptability of an educational intervention

Women s Health ◽

10.1177/17455065211070548 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

pp. 174550652110705

Author(s):

Tiara C Willie ◽

Laurel Sharpless ◽

Mauda Monger ◽

Trace S Kershaw ◽

Wendy B Mahoney ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Domestic Violence ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Hiv Prevention ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Hiv Care ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Prevention Services ◽

Exposure Prophylaxis

Background: Survivors of intimate partner violence are at elevated risk for HIV acquisition, yet there is limited research on the best strategies to optimize biomedical HIV prevention, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis among this population. Domestic violence agencies are critical collaborating partners and function as potential entry points into HIV prevention services for survivors; however, limited knowledge regarding HIV prevention has been an important barrier to advocate-led discussions. This study aimed to develop, implement, and evaluate an HIV prevention intervention for domestic violence advocates. Setting: A nonrandomized, group-based intervention with pre-intervention, immediate post-intervention, and 3-month post-intervention periods were conducted with multiple domestic violence agencies in Mississippi. Methods: Overall, 25 domestic violence advocates participated in the two-session intervention. Surveys were administered to assess pre-exposure prophylaxis knowledge, self-efficacy, subjective norms, and willingness to provide HIV prevention services to intimate partner violence survivors. Generalized estimating equations were conducted to assess change in behavioral outcomes over time. Results: Compared to pre-intervention, there were significant increases at immediate and 3-month post-intervention in advocates’ intervention acceptability, pre-exposure prophylaxis knowledge, and self-efficacy to provide HIV prevention information, discuss pre-exposure prophylaxis eligibility criteria, assist pre-exposure prophylaxis-engaged clients, and initiate pre-exposure prophylaxis counseling. Conclusion: This group-based intervention enhanced domestic violence advocates’ acceptability, pre-exposure prophylaxis knowledge, and self-efficacy to offer HIV care information, discuss pre-exposure prophylaxis eligibility, assist pre-exposure prophylaxis-engaged survivors, and initiate pre-exposure prophylaxis counseling with intimate partner violence survivors. Efforts should focus on training domestic violence advocates in HIV prevention care for survivors and also include these agencies in collaborative strategies to reduce HIV incidence.

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Intimate partner violence among HIV-positive service users of a tertiary care and treatment facility in Enugu State, Nigeria

HIV & AIDS Review ◽

10.5114/hivar.2021.111896 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 275-280

Author(s):

Ifeoma M. Obionu ◽

Chinwendu O. Echefu ◽

Vina U. Chinweokwu ◽

Winifred O. Chineme ◽

Azodo U. Gabriel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Service Users ◽

Treatment Facility ◽

Enugu State ◽

Care And Treatment

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Correlates of Safety Strategy Use Among South African Women Living With HIV and at Risk of Intimate Partner Violence

Violence Against Women ◽

10.1177/10778012211021108 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 107780122110211

Author(s):

Leslie Lauren Brown ◽

Jessica Mayson Perkins ◽

Jami Lynn Hargrove ◽

Kathryn Elenor Pahl ◽

Phepo Mogoba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

South African ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Strategy Use ◽

African Women ◽

Hiv Care ◽

Women Living With Hiv ◽

South African Women ◽

Safety Strategy

Intimate partner violence (IPV) and HIV are correlated and endemic in South Africa. However, safety strategy use to prevent IPV among HIV-positive women is understudied. This study assesses correlates of specific safety strategy use among 166 Black South African women recently experiencing IPV and testing positive for HIV. Associations were observed between consultation with formal (i.e., counselors, clergy, IPV specialists) and informal networks (i.e., friends/family) and participant language ( isiZulu, isiXhosa, Sesotho, and English), past year IPV, and engaging in HIV care. Future HIV-IPV programs should consider how characteristics of different IPV safety strategies may influence strategy uptake and ultimately HIV care.

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Correlates of psychological intimate partner violence with HIV care outcomes on patients in HIV care

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-11854-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

R. J. Fredericksen ◽

R. M. Nance ◽

B. M. Whitney ◽

B. N. Harding ◽

E. Fitzsimmons ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Behavioral Outcomes ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Hiv Care ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Care Outcomes ◽

Multivariable Analyses ◽

Using Data ◽

Living With Hiv

Abstract Background Among people living with HIV (PLWH), physical intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with poor virologic, psychiatric, and behavioral outcomes. We examined non-physical, psychological intimate partner violence (psy-IPV) and HIV care outcomes using data from two U.S. consortia. Methods We conducted multivariable analyses with robust standard errors to compare patients indicating/not indicating psy-IPV. Results Among PLWH (n = 5950), 9.5% indicated psy-IPV; these individuals were younger (− 3; 95% CI [− 2,-4], p-value < 0.001), less likely to be on antiretroviral treatment (ART) (0.73 [0.55,0.97], p = 0.03), less adherent to ART (− 4.2 [− 5.9,-2.4], p < 0.001), had higher odds of detectable viral load (1.43 [1.15,1.78], p = 0.001) and depression (2.63 [2.18,3.18], p < 0.001), and greater use of methamphetamines/crystal [2.98 (2.30,3.87),p < 0.001], cocaine/crack [1.57 (1.24,1.99),p < 0.001], illicit opioids [1.56 (1.13,2.16),p = 0.007], and marijuana [1.40 (1.15,1.70), p < 0.001]. Conclusion Psychological IPV, even in the absence of physical or sexual IPV, appears to be associated with HIV care outcomes and should be included in IPV measures integrated into routine HIV care.

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