Aging and Bimanual Effects on Finger Center of Pressure during Precision Grip: Different Strategies for Spatial Stability

The purpose of this study was to examine aging and bimanual effects on finger spatial stability during precision grip. Twenty-one older and 21 younger adults performed precision grip tasks consisting of a single task (grip and lift an object with the thumb and index finger) and a dual task (the grip-lifting task with one hand and a peg board task with the other hand). The center of pressure (COP) trajectory and the grip force were evaluated using a pressure sensor with a high spatial resolution. In the COP trajectory, the main effects of age for the thumb (F1,140 = 46.17, p < 0.01) and index finger (F1,140 = 22.14, p < 0.01) and task difficulty for the thumb (F1,140 = 6.47, p = 0.01) were significant based on ANCOVA. The COP trajectory was statistically decreased in the older adults. The COP trajectory was also decreased in the dual task, regardless of age. The results suggest the existence of a safety strategy to prioritize the spatial stability in the elderly group and in the dual task. This study provides new insights into the interpretation of the COP trajectory.

Genetic variability of spiralling whitefly Aleurodicus disperses Russell on Citrus aurantifolia Christm and Ocimum gratissimum L.

The spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus Russell (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), has a wide range of anatomy, physiology, behaviour, and ecology depending on the host plant. This research looked at the genetic variations between A. dispersus populations on two separate host plants (Citrus aurantifolia and Ocimum gratissimum). The existence of host-related genetic variation in A. dispersus populations was determined using Rapid Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Our findings revealed that the A. dispersus populations on the two host plants had a considerable amount of genetic divergence. The spiralling whiteflies on the adaxial part of Citrus aurantifolia were genetically distinct from those on the abaxial part of the same plants. Various population genetic parameters such as heterozygosity, Nei's genetic gap, and fixation indices (FST) revealed that spiralling whitefly populations vary genetically, which may be attributable to spiralling whitefly populations originating from multiple sources. These findings also have consequences for the invasive pest's quarantine safety strategy.

MEDICATION ERROR OVERVIEW AND PREVENTION STRATEGIES

This literature review aims to highlight the overview of medication errors and strategies to avoid and decrease medication errors. Availability of various types of over-the-counter and prescribed medication has added to the risk of medication. Also, the medication chain has different steps, and different people are involved in each step, such as prescribing medication, dispensing, and administering medication. Every phase in the medication chain is prone to risks that can lead to medication errors. Medication safety is the responsibility of every healthcare professional involved in the medication chain to deliver effective and safe care to patients with an optimal outcome. A medication error can happen in every health care setting to decrease and prevent medication errors. It is critically important to have complete knowledge of the medication use chain and integrate evidence-based strategies, such as medication reconciliation, analysis of medication error, double-check, and avoiding interruption and distraction into practice. Medication errors can lead to patient harm, prevent on-time discharges, and increase care costs. Medication safety culture can shine in a setting of effectively applying strategy into practice, and everyone's collaboration and commitment to adhere to medication safety strategy can improve patient safety.

TO THE QUESTION ABOUT THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF THE STATE POLICY IN THE FIELD OF PROVIDING ROAD SAFETY

В статье рассматриваются основные направления государственной политики в области обеспечения БДД, которая реализуется на основе положений нормативных актов, стратегических и программных документов. Представлен анализ «Стратегии безопасности дорожного движения на 2018-2024 годы», как реализации приоритетных направлений государственной политики в области обеспечения БДД. Акцентируется внимание на том, что Федеральная целевая программа «Повышение безопасности дорожного движения в 2013–2020 годах» прекратила свое действие, а новая до сих пор не принята, в результате с начала 2021 г. на федеральном уровне обеспечения БДД в плане реализации программных мероприятий наблюдается некий вакуум, который необходимо ликвидировать путем принятия новой федеральной целевой программы обеспечения БДД, так как это имеет критическую важность для повышения безопасности участников дорожного движения. Сделан вывод, что в современных условиях требуется проведение концептуально единой государственной политики в области обеспечения БДД, основанной на функциональном взаимодействии различных органов власти, при участии граждан и институтов гражданского общества. The article considers the main directions of the state policy in the field of ensuring BDD, which is implemented on the basis of the provisions of normative acts, strategic and program documents. The analysis of the "Road Safety Strategy for 2018-2024" as the implementation of the priority directions of the state policy in the field of road safety is presented. Attention is focused on the fact that the Federal Target Program "Improving road safety in 2013-2020" has ceased to operate, and the new one has not yet been adopted, as a result, since the beginning of 2021. at the federal level of road safety, there is a certain vacuum in the implementation of program measures, which must be eliminated by the adoption of a new federal target program for road safety, as this is of critical importance for improving the safety of road users. It is concluded that in modern conditions it is necessary to carry out a conceptually unified state policy in the field of ensuring road safety, based on the functional interaction of various authorities, with the participation of citizens and civil society institutions.

Correlates of Safety Strategy Use Among South African Women Living With HIV and at Risk of Intimate Partner Violence

Intimate partner violence (IPV) and HIV are correlated and endemic in South Africa. However, safety strategy use to prevent IPV among HIV-positive women is understudied. This study assesses correlates of specific safety strategy use among 166 Black South African women recently experiencing IPV and testing positive for HIV. Associations were observed between consultation with formal (i.e., counselors, clergy, IPV specialists) and informal networks (i.e., friends/family) and participant language ( isiZulu, isiXhosa, Sesotho, and English), past year IPV, and engaging in HIV care. Future HIV-IPV programs should consider how characteristics of different IPV safety strategies may influence strategy uptake and ultimately HIV care.