scholarly journals Immune activation, apoptosis, and Treg activity are associated with persistently reduced CD4+ T-cell counts during antiretroviral therapy

AIDS ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (13) ◽  
pp. 1991-2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Piconi ◽  
Daria Trabattoni ◽  
Andrea Gori ◽  
Serena Parisotto ◽  
Carlo Magni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cell Counts

scholarly journals Persistence of Genital Tract T Cell Responses in HIV-Infected Women on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (20) ◽  
pp. 10765-10772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nonhlanhla N. Mkhize ◽  
Pamela P. Gumbi ◽  
Lenine J. Liebenberg ◽  
Yuan Ren ◽  
Peter Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Cell Counts

ABSTRACT Initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for HIV-infected individuals is associated with control of viremia, improved CD4 counts, and declining systemic HIV-specific immune responses. While HAART effectively reduces plasma viremia, it remains unclear how effectively antiretroviral drugs reach mucosal surfaces, such as those of the genital tract. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of HAART on genital tract CD4 T cell reconstitution, HIV shedding, and HIV-specific T cell responses. Cervical cytobrush and blood specimens were obtained from 35 HIV-infected, HAART-naïve women and 27 women on HAART in order to investigate HIV Gag-specific T cell responses by intracellular gamma interferon (IFN-γ) staining. Interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and IL-8 concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). We show that for HIV-infected women, HAART is associated with significantly improved CD4 T cell counts both in blood and at the cervix. While HAART effectively suppressed both blood and cervical viremia, HIV-specific CD8 T cell responses in blood were lost, while those at the cervix were preserved.

scholarly journals PIMATM point-of-care testing for CD4 counts in predicting antiretroviral initiation in HIV-infected individuals in KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandisa Skhosana ◽  
Shabashini Reddy ◽  
Tarylee Reddy ◽  
Siphelele Ntoyanto ◽  
Elizabeth Spooner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Introduction: Limited information is available on the usefulness of the PIMATM analyser in predicting antiretroviral treatment eligibility and outcome in a primary healthcare clinic setting in disadvantaged communities in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.Materials and methods: The study was conducted under the eThekwini Health Unit, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal. Comparison of the enumeration of CD4+ T-cells in 268 patients using the PIMATM analyser and the predicate National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) was undertaken during January to July 2013. Bland-Altman analysis to calculate bias and limits of agreement, precision and levels of clinical misclassification at various CD4+ T-cell count thresholds was performed.Results: There was high precision of the PIMATM control bead cartridges with low and normal CD4+ T-cell counts using three different PIMATM analysers (%CV < 5). Under World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines (≤ 500 cells/mm3), the sensitivity of the PIMATM analyser was 94%, specificity 78% and positive predictive value (PPV) 95%. There were 24 (9%) misclassifications, of which 13 were false-negative in whom the mean bias was 149 CD4+ T-cells/mm3. Most (87%) patients returned for their CD4 test result but only 67% (110/164) of those eligible (≤ 350 cells/mm3) were initiated on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with a time to treatment of 49 days (interquartile range [IQR], 42–64 days).Conclusion: There was adequate agreement between PIMATM analyser and predicate NHLS CD4+ T-cell count enumeration (≤ 500 cells/mm3) in adult HIV-positive individuals. The high PPV, sensitivity and acceptable specificity of the PIMATM analyser technology lend it as a reliable tool in predicting eligibility and rapid linkage to care in ART programmes.Keywords: HIV; Point of Care; PIMATM CD4+ T cell counts; antiretroviral therapy; prediction/eligibility; South Africa

scholarly journals The CYP2B6 G516T polymorphism influences CD4 + T-cell counts in HIV-positive patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in an ethnically diverse region of the Amazon

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 4-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Alice Freitas Queiroz ◽  
Rogério Valois Laurentino ◽  
Ednelza da Silva Graça Amoras ◽  
Mauro Sérgio Moura de Araújo ◽  
Samara Tatielle Monteiro Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cell Counts

Low CD4 T-cell counts despite low levels of circulating HIV: Insights from the comparison of HIV-1 infected patients with a discordant response to antiretroviral therapy to patients with untreated advanced HIV-2 disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana S. Albuquerque ◽  
Russell B. Foxall ◽  
Catarina S. Cortesão ◽  
Rui S. Soares ◽  
Manuela Doroana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Hiv 1

Distribution of HIV-1 Plasma RNA Viral Load and CD4 + T-Cell Counts Among HIV-Infected Africans Evaluated for Antiretroviral Therapy

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
John N. Nkengasong ◽  
Marie-Yolande Borget ◽  
Chantal Maurice ◽  
Emmanuel Boateng ◽  
Mireille Kalou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Plasma Rna ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Polymorphisms in IL10 may alter CD4 T-cell counts in Indonesian HIV patients beginning antiretroviral therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-390
Author(s):  
Deane Maria Dmello ◽  
Ibnu Ariyanto ◽  
Riwanti Estiasari ◽  
Samuel Halstrom ◽  
Jessica Gaff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cell Counts

scholarly journals Rapid Emergence of T Follicular Helper and Germinal Center B Cells Following Antiretroviral Therapy in Advanced HIV Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Shu Wong ◽  
Clarisa M. Buckner ◽  
Silvia Lucena Lage ◽  
Luxin Pei ◽  
Felipe L. Assis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Germinal Center ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
B Cell Receptor ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Follicular Helper ◽  
Cell Counts

Low nadir CD4 T-cell counts in HIV+ patients are associated with high morbidity and mortality and lasting immune dysfunction, even after antiretroviral therapy (ART). The early events of immune recovery of T cells and B cells in severely lymphopenic HIV+ patients have not been fully characterized. In a cohort of lymphopenic (CD4 T-cell count &lt; 100/µL) HIV+ patients, we studied mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood (PB) and lymph nodes (LN) pre-ART (n = 40) and 6-8 weeks post-ART (n = 30) with evaluation of cellular immunophenotypes; histology on LN sections; functionality of circulating T follicular helper (cTfh) cells; transcriptional and B-cell receptor profile on unfractionated LN and PB samples; and plasma biomarker measurements. A group of 19 healthy controls (HC, n = 19) was used as a comparator. T-cell and B-cell lymphopenia was present in PB pre-ART in HIV+ patients. CD4:CD8 and CD4 T- and B-cell PB subsets partly normalized compared to HC post-ART as viral load decreased. Strikingly in LN, ART led to a rapid decrease in interferon signaling pathways and an increase in Tfh, germinal center and IgD-CD27- B cells, consistent with histological findings of post-ART follicular hyperplasia. However, there was evidence of cTfh cells with decreased helper capacity and of limited B-cell receptor diversification post-ART. In conclusion, we found early signs of immune reconstitution, evidenced by a surge in LN germinal center cells, albeit limited in functionality, in HIV+ patients who initiate ART late in disease.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document