Self-Assembling Peptide Nanofiber Scaffolds, Platelet-Rich Plasma, and Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Injectable Bone Regeneration With Tissue Engineering

Abstract Background The repair of critical-sized bone defects is always a challenging problem. Electromagnetic fields (EMFs), used as a physiotherapy for bone defects, have been suspected to cause potential hazards to human health due to the long-term exposure. To optimize the application of EMF while avoiding its adverse effects, a combination of EMF and tissue engineering techniques is critical. Furthermore, a deeper understanding of the mechanism of action of EMF will lead to better applications in the future. Methods In this research, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) seeded on 3D-printed scaffolds were treated with sinusoidal EMFs in vitro. Then, 5.5 mm critical-sized calvarial defects were created in rats, and the cell scaffolds were implanted into the defects. In addition, the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which EMFs regulate BMSCs were explored with various approaches to gain deeper insight into the effects of EMFs. Results The cell scaffolds treated with EMF successfully accelerated the repair of critical-sized calvarial defects. Further studies revealed that EMF could not directly induce the differentiation of BMSCs but improved the sensitivity of BMSCs to BMP signals by upregulating the quantity of specific BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) receptors. Once these receptors receive BMP signals from the surrounding milieu, a cascade of reactions is initiated to promote osteogenic differentiation via the BMP/Smad signalling pathway. Moreover, the cytokines secreted by BMSCs treated with EMF can better facilitate angiogenesis and osteoimmunomodulation which play fundamental roles in bone regeneration. Conclusion In summary, EMF can promote the osteogenic potential of BMSCs and enhance the paracrine function of BMSCs to facilitate bone regeneration. These findings highlight the profound impact of EMF on tissue engineering and provide a new strategy for the clinical treatment of bone defects.

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The combination of nano-calcium sulfate/platelet rich plasma gel scaffold with BMP2 gene-modified mesenchymal stem cells promotes bone regeneration in rat critical-sized calvarial defects

Stem Cell Research & Therapy ◽

10.1186/s13287-017-0574-6 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Zunpeng Liu ◽

Xue Yuan ◽

Gabriela Fernandes ◽

Rosemary Dziak ◽

Ciprian N. Ionita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Calcium Sulfate ◽

Platelet Rich Plasma ◽

Calvarial Defects ◽

Nano Calcium Sulfate

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Micro-Computed Tomography Analysis on Administration of Mesenchymal Stem Cells - Bovine Teeth Scaffold Composites for Alveolar Bone Tissue Engineering

Journal of Biomimetics Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.52.86 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 86-96

Author(s):

Desi Sandra Sari ◽

Fourier Dzar Eljabbar Latief ◽

Ferdiansyah ◽

Ketut Sudiana ◽

Fedik Abdul Rantam

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Tissue Engineering ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Bone Growth ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Significant Difference

The tissue engineering approach for periodontal tissue regeneration using a combination of stem cells and scaffold has been vastly developed. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) seeded with Bovine Teeth Scaffold (BTSc) can repair alveolar bone damage in periodontitis cases. The alveolar bone regeneration process was analyzed by micro-computed tomography (µ-CT) to observe the structure of bone growth and to visualize the scaffold in 3-Dimensional (3D). The purpose of this study is to analyze alveolar bone regeneration by µ-CT following the combination of MSCs and bovine teeth scaffold (MSCs-BTSc) implantation in the Wistar rat periodontitis model. Methods. MSCs were cultured from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells of rats. BTSc was taken from bovine teeth and freeze-dried with a particle size of 150-355 µm. MSCs were seeded on BTSc for 24 hours and transplanted in a rat model of periodontitis. Thirty-five Wistar rats were made as periodontitis models with LPS induction from P. gingivalis injected to the buccal section of interproximal gingiva between the first and the second mandibular right-molar teeth for six weeks. There were seven groups (control group, BTSc group on day 7, BTSc group on day 14, BTSc group on day 28, MSCs-BTSc group on day 7, MSCs-BTSc group on day 14, MSCs-BTSc group on day 28). The mandibular alveolar bone was analyzed and visualized in 3D with µ-CT to observe any new bone growth. Statistical Analysis. Group data were subjected to the Kruskal Wallis test followed by the Mann-Whitney (p <0.05). The µ-CT qualitative analysis shows a fibrous structure, which indicates the existence of new bone regeneration. Quantitative analysis of the periodontitis model showed a significant difference between the control model and the model with the alveolar bone resorption (p <0.05). The bone volume and density measurements revealed that the MSCs-BTSc group on day 28 formed new bone compared to other groups (p <0.05). Administration of MSCs-BTSc combination has the potential to form new alveolar bone.

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