Kidney Transplant Recipientsʼ Perspectives on Cardiovascular Disease and Related Risk Factors After Transplantation

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. The most stringent primary CVD screening guidelines in developed countries use absolute CVD risk scores or coronary heart disease, such as Framingham or SCORE (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation) there are two types of CVD risk factors namely modifiable risk factors and unmodified risk factors. The aim of the current study is to determine the profil of potentially modifiable and unmodified cardiovascular risk factors. Method: This research consists of 41 elderly people which aged ≥ 60 years in Guguak, Kabupaten 50 Kota, West Sumatera, Indonesia. The data taken is modifiable risk factors consisting of diseases related risk factors including blood pressure categories, lipid profile, central obesity, body mass index and lifestyle related risk factors such as smoking habit. We also take data of unmodified risk factors such as age and gender. The result: this study consists of 41 elderly people which aged ≥ 60 years in Guguak, Kabupaten 50 Kota, West Sumatera, Indonesia. The mean age of elderly were 68±7.64861 years old that consisting of 29.3% men and 70.7% women, 34% of elderly with hypertension, the elderly with hypercholesterolemia 71%, hypertriglyceridemia 41%, and the elderly women with low HDL-C levels were 53%, the elderly men with low HDL-C levels were 92%. Conclusion: There are two types of risk factors CVD, modifiable risk factors and nonmodifiable risk factors. The modifiable risk factors consisting of diseases related risk factors including blood pressure categories, lipid profile, central obesity, body mass index and lifestyle related risk factors such as smoking habit.

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Prevalence of Insulin Resistance and Related Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Essential Hypertension

American Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1038/ajh.2008.263 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 106-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

N. K. C. Lima ◽

F. Abbasi ◽

C. Lamendola ◽

G. M. Reaven

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Essential Hypertension ◽

Related Risk

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Post-Transplant Cardiovascular Disease

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology ◽

10.2215/cjn.00520121 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. CJN.00520121

Author(s):

Kelly A. Birdwell ◽

Meyeon Park

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Kidney Transplant ◽

Optimal Strategies ◽

Future Research ◽

Kidney Transplant Recipients ◽

Post Transplant ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Artery Disease

Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of death and morbidity in kidney transplant recipients and a common reason for post-transplant hospitalization. Several traditional and nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors exist, and many of them present pretransplant and worsened, in part, due to the addition of immunosuppression post-transplant. We discuss optimal strategies for identification and treatment of these risk factors, including the emerging role of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in post-transplant diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We present common types of cardiovascular disease observed after kidney transplant, including coronary artery disease, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, arrhythmia, and valvular disease. We also discuss screening, treatment, and prevention of post-transplant cardiac disease. We highlight areas of future research, including the need for goals and best medications for risk factors, the role of biomarkers, and the role of screening and intervention.

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