Cardiovascular disease in obesity: A review of related risk factors and risk-reduction strategies

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 575-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis J. Aronne ◽  
W. Virgil Brown ◽  
Kathy Keenan Isoldi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Risk Reduction Strategies

Understanding primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 326-331
Author(s):  
Beverley Bostock
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Health Checks ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Risk Reduction Strategies ◽  
Nhs Health Check

Nurses working in general practice play an important role in identifying those at risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and implementing person-focused risk reduction strategies. The NHS Health Check programme was designed to identify people between the age of 40 and 74 years with risk factors for CVD. Nurses in general practice have a key role to play in encouraging people to attend Health Checks and helping people to understand the potential benefits of CVD risk assessment and reduction strategies. Lifestyle interventions and pharmacological management allow modifiable risk factors to be managed in an evidence-based and person-focused way.

scholarly journals Use of Guideline-Recommended Risk Reduction Strategies Among Patients With Diabetes and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

Circulation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 140 (7) ◽  
pp. 618-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne V. Arnold ◽  
James A. de Lemos ◽  
Robert S. Rosenson ◽  
Christie M. Ballantyne ◽  
Yuyin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Risk Reduction Strategies

Understanding primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 278-281
Author(s):  
Beverley Bostock
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Practice Nurses ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Risk Reduction Strategies

Cardiovascular disease causes significant morbidity and mortality across the UK. Beverley Bostock looks at the role practice nurses can play in the primary prevention of this condition Nurses working in general practice play an important role in identifying those at risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and implementing person-focused risk reduction strategies. The NHS Health Check programme was designed to identify people between the age of 40 and 74 years with risk factors for CVD. Nurses in general practice have a key role to play in encouraging people to attend Health Checks and helping people to understand the potential benefits of CVD risk assessment and reduction strategies. Lifestyle interventions and pharmacological management allow modifiable risk factors to be managed in an evidence-based and person-focused way.

scholarly journals A practical approach to assess depression risk and to guide risk reduction strategies in later life

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osvaldo P. Almeida ◽  
Helman Alfonso ◽  
Jane Pirkis ◽  
Ngaire Kerse ◽  
Moira Sim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Depression Risk ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Risk Reduction Strategies ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTBackground:Many factors have been associated with the onset and maintenance of depressive symptoms in later life, although this knowledge is yet to be translated into significant health gains for the population. This study gathered information about common modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for depression with the aim of developing a practical probabilistic model of depression that can be used to guide risk reduction strategies.Methods:A cross-sectional study was undertaken of 20,677 community-dwelling Australians aged 60 years or over in contact with their general practitioner during the preceding 12 months. Prevalent depression (minor or major) according to the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) assessment was the main outcome of interest. Other measured exposures included self-reported age, gender, education, loss of mother or father before age 15 years, physical or sexual abuse before age 15 years, marital status, financial stress, social support, smoking and alcohol use, physical activity, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and prevalent cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases and cancer.Results:The mean age of participants was 71.7 ± 7.6 years and 57.9% were women. Depression was present in 1665 (8.0%) of our subjects. Multivariate logistic regression showed depression was independently associated with age older than 75 years, childhood adverse experiences, adverse lifestyle practices (smoking, risk alcohol use, physical inactivity), intermediate health hazards (obesity, diabetes and hypertension), comorbid medical conditions (clinical history of coronary heart disease, stroke, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema or cancers), and social or financial strain. We stratified the exposures to build a matrix that showed that the probability of depression increased progressively with the accumulation of risk factors, from less than 3% for those with no adverse factors to more than 80% for people reporting the maximum number of risk factors.Conclusions:Our probabilistic matrix can be used to estimate depression risk and to guide the introduction of risk reduction strategies. Future studies should now aim to clarify whether interventions designed to mitigate the impact of risk factors can change the prevalence and incidence of depression in later life.

scholarly journals The association between non-diabetic hyperglycaemia and incident vascular disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Palladino ◽  
A Majeed ◽  
C Millett ◽  
E Vamos
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Microvascular Disease ◽  
Macrovascular Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Risk Reduction Strategies

Abstract Background It is unknown whether the associated risk of vascular disease for individuals with non-diabetic hyperglycaemia (NDH) persists following the Type 2 diabetes (T2D) diagnosis. We assessed whether NDH detection before the T2D diagnosis is associated with different risk of incident vascular disease following the T2D diagnosis. Methods Population-based retrospective cohort study including 159,736 individuals with newly diagnosed T2D from the CPRD database in England between 2004 and 2017. Outcomes: incident retinopathy, nephropathy, and composite macrovascular disease. We employed time-partitioned Cox regression models partitioning the 10-year follow-up period into 4 equal time segments to model differences in rates between groups with different glycaemic status in the 3 years before diagnosis of T2D. Results Following T2D diagnosis those with prior NDH had 86%, 58%, and 42% increased rates of retinopathy in the 30 months, between 31 and 60 months, and 61 and 90 months, respectively(0-30 months: HR 1.86,95%CI 1.69-2.04;31-60 months: HR 1.58,95%CI 1.37-1.84;61-90 months:HR 1.42,95%CI 1.10-1.83), as compared with those with prior normoglycaemia. They also had 16% and 25% increased rates of nephropathy in the period 0-30 months and 31-60 months, respectively (0-30 months: HR 1.16,95%CI 1.07-1.26;31-60 months: HR 1.25,95%CI 1.09-1.42). Individuals with prior NDH had 19% reduced rate of macrovascular disease in the first 30 months of the study period (HR 0.81,95%CI 0.71-0.93), as compared with individuals with glycaemic values within the normal range. Conclusions Individuals detected with NDH had increased rates of microvascular disease up to 7.5 years following the diagnosis of T2D. Timely testing and identification of NDH and specific clustering of NDH with other risk factors for T2D might prompt earlier risk factor assessment and tailored vascular risk reduction strategies during the NDH phase to reduce the burden of vascular disease following the diagnosis of T2D Key messages Individuals detected with NDH had increased rates of microvascular disease up to 7.5 years following the diagnosis of T2D, as compared with individuals with prior normoglycaemia. Timely detection of NDH and specific clustering with other risk factors for T2D might prompt earlier and tailored vascular risk reduction strategies to reduce the burden of vascular disease.

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