Disrupted functional connectivity between the nucleus accumbens and posterior cingulate cortex in autism spectrum disorder

Neuroreport ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
MaryScott Polk ◽  
Toshikazu Ikuta
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Posterior Cingulate

scholarly journals Decreased homotopic interhemispheric functional connectivity in children with autism spectrum disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuxia Yao ◽  
Menghan Zhou ◽  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
Feng Zhou ◽  
Qianqian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Processing Network

AbstractWhile a number of functional and structural changes occur in large-scale brain networks in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), reduced interhemispheric resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) between homotopic regions may be of particular importance as a biomarker. ASD is an early-onset developmental disorder and neural alterations are often age-dependent, reflecting dysregulated developmental trajectories, although no studies have investigated whether homotopic interhemispheric rsFC alterations occur in ASD children. The present study conducted a voxel-based homotopic interhemispheric rsFC analysis in 146 SD and 175 typically developing children under age 10 and examined associations with symptom severity in the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange datasets. Given the role of corpus callosum (CC) in interhemispheric connectivity and reported CC volume changes in ASD we additionally examined whether there were parallel volumetric changes in ASD children. Results demonstrated decreased homotopic rsFC in ASD children in the medial prefrontal cortex, precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex of the default mode network (DMN), the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex of the salience network, the precentral gyrus and inferior parietal lobule of the mirror neuron system, the lingual, fusiform and inferior occipital gyri of the visual processing network and thalamus. Symptom severity was associated with homotopic rsFC in regions in the DMN and visual processing network. There were no significant CC volume changes in ASD children. The present study shows that reduced homotopic interhemispheric rsFC in brain networks in ASD adults/adolescents is already present in children of 5-10 years old and further supports their potential use as a general ASD biomarker.

scholarly journals Resting State Functional Connectivity Alterations in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varun Kumar ◽  
Rahul Garg
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Machine Readable

Many studies investigate the alterations in resting state functional connectivity in autism. Most of these studies focus on different regions of the brain to find the connectivity differ- ences between autism spectrum disorder and typically developing populations. The present review quantitatively extracts this data from all the seed based studies on autism spectrum disorder and uses it to build, for the first time, an Autism Altered Functional Connectome (AAFC) which summarizes the alterations in functional connectivity consistently reported in the literature. The data extracted from all the studies matching the inclusion criteria are presented at one place in human as well as a machine-readable format for further interpretation and analysis. Systematically reviewing 41 publications on 2818 subjects comprising 1459 typically developing and 1359 subjects with autism spectrum disorder, a total of 932 altered functional connectivity links were employed to construct an AAFC. The AAL atlas mapping of these links resulted in 71 replicated links of which 49 were consistent, and 574 unreplicated links that were reported just once. Out of 49, 38 were replicated across different non overlapping datasets. Majority of the studies analyzed the functional connectivity of the Default Mode Network (DMN) and its regions. Two important DMN regions, namely precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex were reported to exhibit different connectivity profiles with former majorly underconnected and later majorly overconnected consistently reported across multiple studies. After mapping the AAFLs to an atlas of brain networks, poor integration within DMN regions, and poor segregation of DMN regions with extra-DMN regions was observed. Keywords: Connectome, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Brain, Magnetic Resonance Imaging

scholarly journals Increased Functional Connectivity Between Subcortical and Cortical Resting-State Networks in Autism Spectrum Disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Cerliani ◽  
Maarten Mennes ◽  
Rajat M. Thomas ◽  
Adriana Di Martino ◽  
Marc Thioux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Resting State Networks

scholarly journals Neural basis underlying the trait of attachment anxiety and avoidance revealed by the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations and resting-state functional connectivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Deng ◽  
Xing Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyan Bi ◽  
Chunhai Gao
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Frequency Fluctuation ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Posterior Cingulate

Abstract Background Attachment theory demonstrates that early attachment experience shapes internal working models with mental representations of self and close relationships, which affects personality traits and interpersonal relationships in adulthood. Although research has focused on brain structural and functional underpinnings to disentangle attachment styles in healthy individuals, little is known about the spontaneous brain activity associated with self-reported attachment anxiety and avoidance during the resting state. Methods One hundred and nineteen individuals participated in the study, completing the Experience in Close Relationship scale immediately after an 8-min fMRI scanning. We used the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) signal of the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation and resting-state functional connectivity to identify attachment-related regions and networks. Results Consequently, attachment anxiety is closely associated with the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in the right posterior cingulate cortex, over-estimating emotional intensity and exaggerating outcomes. Moreover, the functional connectivity between the posterior cingulate cortex and fusiform gyrus increases detection ability for potential threat or separation information, facilitating behavior motivation. The attachment avoidance is positively correlated with the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation in the bilateral lingual gyrus and right postcentral and negatively correlated with the bilateral orbital frontal cortex and inferior temporal gyrus. Functional connection with attachment avoidance contains critical nodes in the medial temporal lobe memory system, frontal-parietal network, social cognition, and default mode network necessary to deactivate the attachment system and inhibit attachment-related behavior. Conclusion and implications These findings clarify the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation and resting-state functional connectivity neural signature of attachment style, associated with attachment strategies in attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance individuals. These findings may improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of the attachment-related disorder.

Somatosensory Regions Show Limited Functional Connectivity Differences in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 558-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Cechmanek ◽  
Harriet Johnston ◽  
Sherene Vazhappilly ◽  
Catherine Lebel ◽  
Signe Bray
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder
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