Critically endangered blonde capuchins fish for termites and use new techniques to accomplish the task

We report the spontaneous modification and use of sticks to fish for termites, above the ground, in wild blonde capuchins ( Cebus flavius ). These critically endangered Neotropical primates inhabit remnants of the Atlantic Forest. They used two previously undescribed techniques to enhance their termite capture success: nest tapping and stick rotation. The current ecologically based explanation for tool use in wild capuchins (i.e. terrestrial habits and bipedalism) must be viewed cautiously. Instead, remarkable manual skills linked to a varied diet seem important in promoting tool use in different contexts. The repertoire of tool-using techniques employed by wild capuchins has been expanded, highlighting the behavioural versatility in this genus.

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Lymania involucrata (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae), a new ornamental species from Bahia, Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.489.2.9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 489 (2) ◽

pp. 209-215

Author(s):

EVERTON HILO DE SOUZA ◽

LIDYANNE Y. S. AONA ◽

FERNANDA V. D. SOUZA ◽

ELTON M. C. LEME

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Endangered Species ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Critically Endangered ◽

Critically Endangered Species ◽

Ornamental Species ◽

Shape And Size

The authors describe, discuss, and illustrate Lymania involucrata, a new ornamental species from the Atlantic Forest in the municipality of Igrapiúna, Bahia, Brazil, here considered a critically endangered species. The new species is morphologically related to L. brachycaulis but clearly diffe According to Sousa rs from it by the well-developed, involucral primary bracts and the distinct shape and size of inflorescence, primary branches, and flowers. A map of the distribution of the species and taxonomic comments are presented.

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Pathological and parasitological characterization of Prosthenorchis elegans in a free-ranging marmoset Callithrix geofroyi from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2017001200025 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (12) ◽

pp. 1514-1518

Author(s):

Ayisa R. de Oliveira ◽

Emy Hiura ◽

Flaviana L. Guião-Leite ◽

Mayra C. Flecher ◽

Fábio R. Braga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Intestinal Parasite ◽

Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽

Primate Conservation ◽

Neotropical Primates ◽

Pathology Laboratory ◽

Intestinal Lesions ◽

Veterinary Pathology ◽

Free Ranging

ABSTRACT: Prosthenorchis elegans is an acanthocephalan intestinal parasite reported in neotropical primates. Despite parasitism by P. elegans having already been described in wild marmosets in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, there are no reports of this infection in wild Geoffroy’s marmoset (Callithrix geofroyi). The aim of this study is to report one case of P. elegans parasitism in a free-ranging C. geoffroyi from Brazilian Atlantic Forest in Espírito Santo state, and characterize the pathological and parasitological findings of this infection. One Geoffroy’s marmoset necropsied at the Vila Velha University’s Veterinary Pathology Laboratory presented intense chronic transmural ulcerative enteritis associated with twenty cylindrical helminths present in the jejunum and ileum. We can conclude that parasitism by P. elegans occurs in free-ranging groups of Geoffroy’s marmosets. Its infection produced severe intestinal lesions even in free-ranging marmoset and therefore is a threat to this animal’s survival in wildlife and can have some impact on primate conservation in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

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Kielmeyera ferruginosa (Calophyllaceae), a new species from the Atlantic Forest, southern Bahia, Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.221.3.6 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 221 (3) ◽

pp. 288 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amanda Pricilla Batista Santos ◽

Rafaela Jorge Trad ◽

Fabio Da Silva Do Espírito Santo ◽

Maria do Carmo Estanislau Do Amaral ◽

Alessandro Rapini

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Related Species ◽

The State ◽

The Other ◽

Critically Endangered ◽

Abaxial Surface ◽

Southern Bahia ◽

A New Species ◽

Flooded Areas

Kielmeyera ferruginosa, a new species of Calophyllaceae from the Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia, is here described and illustrated. The species is critically endangered and can be easily distinguished from other Kielmeyera species by the rusty coloration of the trunk and branches, orange-colored latex, and the occurrence in flooded areas. It differs from the other species of the section Prolifera by the leaves with secondary veins relatively more distant from each other and prominent on the abaxial surface. Diagnostic characters and the state of conservation of the new species are discussed, and an identification key for K. ferruginosa and related species from series Rupestres and Neglectae is provided.

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Eulaema (Apeulaema) felipei sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina): a new forest-dependent orchid bee found at the brink of extinction in northeastern Brazil

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.2424.1.3 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2424 (1) ◽

pp. 51 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

ANDRÉ NEMÉSIO

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Sugar Cane ◽

Small Area ◽

Critically Endangered ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Orchid Bee ◽

New Forest ◽

Iucn Criteria ◽

Anthropic Pressure

Eulaema (Apeulaema) felipei sp. n., a species extremely similar to the Amazonian Eulaema (Apeulaema) mocsaryi (Friese, 1899), is described from Murici (state of Alagoas, northeastern Brazil). This species seems to be restricted to a single patch of Atlantic Forest at the ‘Estação Ecológica de Murici’. Although this preserve is supposedly protected by law, the small area (less than 3,000 ha) where this bee occurs is entirely surrounded by pastures and sugar cane plantations, and anthropic pressure is strikingly high in the region. Several other endemic animal and plant species are known from the same area. Eulaema felipei sp. n. is considered as Critically Endangered according to IUCN criteria. An updated identification key for all the species of Eulaema (Apeulaema) Moure, 1950 is also provided.

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The manual skills and cognition that lie behind hominid tool use

The Evolution of Thought ◽

10.1017/cbo9780511542299.005 ◽

2004 ◽

pp. 31-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Richard W. Byrne

Keyword(s):

Tool Use ◽

Manual Skills

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Three new species in Brazilian Erythroxylum (Erythroxylaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.192.2.2 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 192 (2) ◽

pp. 97 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

James Lucas Costa-Lima ◽

MARCCUS ALVES

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Geographical Distribution ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Critically Endangered ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Restricted Distribution ◽

Data Deficient ◽

Three New Species ◽

Iucn Criteria

Three new species of Erythroxylum (Erythroxylaceae) from the Atlantic Forest of Northeastern Brazil are described and illustrated: Erythroxylum stenopetalum from the states of Paraíba and Pernambuco, and E. rhodappendiculatum and E. tapacuranum from Pernambuco. Due to their restricted distribution, and in accordance with the IUCN criteria, the new species are provisionally considered as Critically Endangered (CR) or Data Deficient (DD).Geographical distribution, habitat, and comments on their morphological affinities are provided.

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Assessing the potential of environmental DNA metabarcoding for monitoring Neotropical mammals: a case study in the Amazon and Atlantic Forest, Brazil

10.1101/750414 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Naiara Guimarães Sales ◽

Mariane da Cruz Kaizer ◽

Ilaria Coscia ◽

Joseph C. Perkins ◽

Andrew Highlands ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Mammalian Species ◽

Environmental Dna ◽

Camera Trapping ◽

Critically Endangered ◽

Neotropical Mammals ◽

Dna Metabarcoding ◽

Biomonitoring Tool

AbstractThe application of environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding as a biomonitoring tool has greatly increased in the last decade. However, most studies have focused on aquatic macro-organisms in temperate areas (e.g., fishes). We apply eDNA metabarcoding to detect the mammalian community in two high-biodiversity regions of Brazil, the Amazon and Atlantic Forest. We identified critically endangered and endangered mammalian species in the Atlantic Forest and Amazon respectively and found congruence with species identified via camera trapping in the Atlantic Forest. In light of our results, we highlight the potential and challenges of eDNA monitoring for mammals in these high biodiverse areas.

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New records of the Critically Endangered Leptagrion acutum Santos, 1961 (Odonata, Coenagrionidae) from southern Bahia, Brazil

Check List ◽

10.15560/17.1.59 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 59-62

Author(s):

Cintia Santos ◽

Laís R. Santos ◽

Marciel E. Rodrigues

Keyword(s):

Endangered Species ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

New Records ◽

Red List ◽

Critically Endangered ◽

Natural Heritage ◽

Northern Areas ◽

Southern Bahia ◽

First Time ◽

Occurrence Records

Leptagrion acutum Santos, 1961 is endemic to Brazil and, since 2003, listed as Critically Endangered in the Red Book of Threatened Brazilian Fauna. In this study, L. acutum is recorded for the first time from the state of Bahia, expanding known occurrences of this species to northern areas of the Atlantic Forest. Three males were collected in the Veracel Station Private Reserve of Natural Heritage. Information concerning distributional records of rare or endangered species is essential because it can add to species’ occurrence records and assist in future Red List assessments.

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Bird Extinctions in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest and How They Can Be Prevented

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution ◽

10.3389/fevo.2021.624587 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Pedro F. Develey ◽

Benjamin T. Phalan

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Forest Restoration ◽

Bird Species ◽

Critically Endangered ◽

Private Land ◽

Public And Private ◽

Critically Endangered Species ◽

In The Wild ◽

Working Together ◽

Multi Stakeholder

Bird species extinctions in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil have been predicted since the early 1990s, but it has become accepted wisdom that none have yet been documented. We revisit this question in light of updates to the global Red List, and conclude that between five and seven bird species have likely been driven to extinction in the wild in this biome in recent decades, plus a further two species that occurred elsewhere in Brazil. These extinctions were the result of habitat loss in combination with other threats. A further nine Atlantic Forest bird species are Critically Endangered, plus six from elsewhere in Brazil. We review growing efforts to help these species avoid extinction using a range of tools including multi-stakeholder planning, advocacy, habitat protection and restoration on public and private land, focussed research, and intensive population management, drawing on examples from the most threatened Atlantic Forest endemics. Conservation organisations, local communities, government agencies, zoos, international funders, universities and others are working together to prevent these species from disappearing. While the political environment in Brazil has rarely been more hostile to conservation, there are also some positive trends. Rates of deforestation in the Atlantic Forest have fallen, forest restoration and recovery is increasing, and an unprecedented number of ordinary people are taking an interest in birds and participating in citizen science. With dedication, collaboration, sufficient resources, and a focus on evidence-informed solutions, we are hopeful that many of the Critically Endangered species can be pulled back from the brink of extinction.

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Detectability of the Critically Endangered Araucaria angustifolia Tree Using Worldview-2 Images, Google Earth Engine and UAV-LiDAR

Land ◽

10.3390/land10121316 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1316

Author(s):

Felipe Saad ◽

Sumalika Biswas ◽

Qiongyu Huang ◽

Ana Paula Dalla Corte ◽

Márcio Coraiola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Forest Cover ◽

Object Identification ◽

Google Earth ◽

Critically Endangered ◽

Araucaria Angustifolia ◽

Plant Resources ◽

Individual Tree ◽

Google Earth Engine ◽

Study Sites

The Brazilian Atlantic Forest is a global biodiversity hotspot and has been extensively mapped using satellite remote sensing. However, past mapping focused on overall forest cover without consideration of keystone plant resources such as Araucaria angustifolia. A. angustifolia is a critically endangered coniferous tree that is essential for supporting overall biodiversity in the Atlantic Forest. A. angustifolia’s distribution has declined dramatically because of overexploitation and land-use changes. Accurate detection and rapid assessments of the distribution and abundance of this species are urgently needed. We compared two approaches for mapping Araucaria angustifolia across two scales (stand vs. individual tree) at three study sites in Brazil. The first approach used Worldview-2 images and Random Forest in Google Earth Engine to detect A. angustifolia at the stand level, with an accuracy of >90% across all three study sites. The second approach relied on object identification using UAV-LiDAR and successfully mapped individual trees (producer’s/user’s accuracy = 94%/64%) at one study site. Both approaches can be employed in tandem to map remaining stands and to determine the exact location of A. angustifolia trees. Each approach has its own strengths and weaknesses, and we discuss their adoptability by managers to inform conservation of A. angustifolia.

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