Involvement of different mesotocin (oxytocin homologue) populations in sexual and aggressive behaviours of the brown anole

The oxytocin (OT) family of neuropeptides are known to modulate social behaviours and anxiety in mammals and birds. We investigated cell numbers and neural activity, assessed as Fos induction, within magnocellular and parvocellular populations of neurons producing the OT homologue mesotocin (MT, Ile 8 -oxytocin). This was conducted within the male brown anole lizard, Anolis sagrei , following agonistic or courtship encounters with a conspecific. Both neurons colocalizing and not colocalizing corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) were examined. Parvocellular neurons of the paraventricular nucleus exhibited a positive correlation between courtship frequency and Fos colocalization, regardless of whether they produce just MT or MT + CRF. Magnocellular populations showed only trends towards positive relationships with courtship and no cell populations showed aggression-related Fos induction. These findings are novel because they demonstrate the involvement of MT neurons in male social behaviour, especially in reptiles for whom the involvement of MT in social behaviour was previously unknown.

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Corticotropin-releasing factor distribution in the brain of the brown anole lizard

10.1101/2021.02.16.431399 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

David Kabelik

Keyword(s):

Supraoptic Nucleus ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽

Cell Populations ◽

Vertebrate Species ◽

Anole Lizard ◽

Reptile Species ◽

Brown Anole ◽

Crf Neurons ◽

The Brain

AbstractCorticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is best known for its involvement in peripheral glucocorticoid release across vertebrate species. However, CRF is also produced and released throughout various brain regions to regulate central aspects of the stress response. While these various CRF populations have been described extensively in mammals, less is known about their distributions in other amniotes, and only a handful of studies have ever examined CRF distributions in reptiles. Out study is the first to map CRF cell and fiber distributions in the brain of a lizard, the brown anole (Anolis sagrei). Our results indicate that brown anole CRF distributions are highly similar to those in snakes and turtles. However, unlike in these other reptile species, we find immunofluorescent CRF neurons in a few additional brown anole locations, most notably the supraoptic nucleus. The CRF distribution in the present study is also similar to published CRF descriptions in mammals and birds, although our findings, as well as the other published reports in reptiles, collectively suggest that reptiles possess a slightly more restricted distribution of CRF cell populations than do mammals and birds.

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Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2-deficiency eliminates social behaviour deficits and vulnerability induced by cocaine

British Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.1111/bph.14159 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 175 (9) ◽

pp. 1504-1518 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Nadège Morisot ◽

Romain Monier ◽

Catherine Le Moine ◽

Mark J Millan ◽

Angelo Contarino

Keyword(s):

Social Behaviour ◽

Corticotropin Releasing Factor

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Spatial precision of population activity in primate area MT

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.00152.2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 114 (2) ◽

pp. 869-878 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Spencer C. Chen ◽

John W. Morley ◽

Samuel G. Solomon

Keyword(s):

Neural Activity ◽

Visual Processing ◽

Receptive Fields ◽

Object Motion ◽

Spatial Position ◽

Multielectrode Arrays ◽

Visual World ◽

Population Activity ◽

Area Mt ◽

Mt Neurons

The middle temporal (MT) area is a cortical area integral to the “where” pathway of primate visual processing, signaling the movement and position of objects in the visual world. The receptive field of a single MT neuron is sensitive to the direction of object motion but is too large to signal precise spatial position. Here, we asked if the activity of MT neurons could be combined to support the high spatial precision required in the where pathway. With the use of multielectrode arrays, we recorded simultaneously neural activity at 24–65 sites in area MT of anesthetized marmoset monkeys. We found that although individual receptive fields span more than 5° of the visual field, the combined population response can support fine spatial discriminations (<0.2°). This is because receptive fields at neighboring sites overlapped substantially, and changes in spatial position are therefore projected onto neural activity in a large ensemble of neurons. This fine spatial discrimination is supported primarily by neurons with receptive fields flanking the target locations. Population performance is degraded (by 13–22%) when correlations in neural activity are ignored, further reflecting the contribution of population neural interactions. Our results show that population signals can provide high spatial precision despite large receptive fields, allowing area MT to represent both the motion and the position of objects in the visual world.

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Clinical Grade Ex-Vivo Expansion of Granulomonocytic Cells and Progenitors Using High-Dose SCF and G-CSF without Exhaustion of Stem Cell Activity.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v104.11.2850.2850 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 104 (11) ◽

pp. 2850-2850

Author(s):

Marie-Laure Bonnet ◽

Martine Guillier ◽

Natacha Greissinger ◽

Marie-Catherine Marracho ◽

Muriel Bedouel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cell ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Hematopoietic Cells ◽

Ex Vivo Expansion ◽

Cell Populations ◽

High Dose ◽

Clinical Grade ◽

Cell Numbers ◽

Cd34 Cells ◽

High Concentrations

Abstract Ex-vivo expansion of mature hematopoietic cells and progenitors is a major cell therapy technology aiming to shorten chemotherapy-induced cytopenias. The goal of amplifying the most primitive hematopoietic stem cell populations in clinically acceptable conditions is currently difficult, due to the absence of clinical grade early acting-cytokines and lack of adequate stem cell assays. Stem cell factor (SCF) and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) are both clinically applicable and they have been shown to induce a dose-response effect with regard to the expansion of mature cell populations when used in combination with early- acting cytokines. The combined effects of high concentrations of G-CSF and SCF on hematopoietic cells and progenitors and the effects of this procedure on the more primitive stem cell subsets have not been studied. We have developed a preclinical protocol to evaluate the feasibility of expansion of granulomonocytic cells using SCF and G-CSF with the goal of translating this protocol to the clinical application. In preliminary assays, the effects of low and high concentrations of both cytokines on total nucleated cell numbers and progenitors from purifed CD34+ cells (50 104cells/ml) have been tested. As compared to low concentrations (G-CSF 10 ng/ml and SCF 50 ng/ml) high concentrations of G-CSF and SCF (100 ng/ml and 300 ng/ml respectively) induced a two-fold increase of the nucleated cells and progenitors after 9 days of culture (n=7 experiments). High concentrations were therefore chosen for further experiments. CD34+ cells purified from mobilized peripheral blood grafts (purity 99%) have been cultured in a clinically acceptable medium containing clinical grade fetal calf serum ( 10 %), G-CSF (100 ng/ml) and SCF (300 ng/ml) for 9 days. Cells were analyzed using apoptosis tests, immunophenotyping and clonogenic assays at day 0 and day+9. In several experiments ( n= 9) a mean 21-fold expansion of total viable cell numbers was obtained, with a mean 4-fold expansion of clonogenic progenitors. Expanded cells had consistently CD11b+, CD13+, CD15+ phenotype and 2–4% of them remained CD34+. In a scale-up experiment started with 23.106 CD34+ cells, the total cell numbers expanded 16-fold at day+9, with generation of high numbers of CD11b + (18%), CD13+(98%) and CD15+ cells (91%) demonstrating the feasibility of the protocol in clinical scale. To determine if ex-vivo expansion would lead to a significant exhaustion of more primitive stem cells, we have evaluated the NOD/SCID-repopulating cell (RC) contents of the cultures before (day 0) and after ex-vivo expansion (day 9), in mice transplanted with day 0 and day+9 cells. In two experiments, the numbers of NOD/SCID mice engrafted with CD45+ human cells have been found increase from 30% ( 3/10) at day 0 to 100 % ( 10/10 ) at day 9 (Exp1 ) and from 50 % (3/6) at day 0 to 90 % ( 7/8 ) at day9 (Exp 2), demonstrating the persistence of NOD/SCID-RC potential after ex-vivo expansion. Overall the large-scale granulomonocytic cell production protocol that we developed could be of major interest in order to maintain the dose-intensity in high dose chemotherapy regimens and to shorten neutropenia after autologous PBSC transplantation while maintaing the stem cell potential of the graft.

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Neural activity in catecholaminergic populations following sexual and aggressive interactions in the brown anole, Anolis sagrei

Brain Research ◽

10.1016/j.brainres.2014.01.026 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1553 ◽

pp. 41-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

David Kabelik ◽

Veronica C. Alix ◽

Leah J. Singh ◽

Alyssa L. Johnson ◽

Shelley C. Choudhury ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neural Activity ◽

Anolis Sagrei ◽

Aggressive Interactions ◽

Brown Anole

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Communication Signal Rates Predict Interaction Outcome in the Brown Anole Lizard, Anolis sagrei

Copeia ◽

10.1643/ce-08-022 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 (1) ◽

pp. 38-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Valerie B Simon

Keyword(s):

Anolis Sagrei ◽

Anole Lizard ◽

Communication Signal ◽

Brown Anole

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Changes in Blood Circulating Cell Populations May Reflect the Anti-Angiogenic and Chemosensitizing Effects of Bortezomib and Thalidomide Treatment in Patients with Multiple Myelomatreatment in Patients with Multiple Myeloma.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v114.22.2807.2807 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 114 (22) ◽

pp. 2807-2807

Author(s):

Isabelle Vande Broek ◽

Xavier Leleu ◽

Dan Duda ◽

Benjamin Van Camp ◽

Karin Vanderkerken ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Myeloma ◽

Disease Progression ◽

Progenitor Cell ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Conflicts Of Interest ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Cytotoxic Agents ◽

Cell Populations ◽

Multiple Time ◽

Cell Numbers

Abstract Abstract 2807 Poster Board II-783 Enumeration of circulating blood cell populations with endothelial– or progenitor-like phenotype has been proposed as surrogate biomarker for tumor response to anti-angiogenic or conventional therapies and is currently being applied in multiple clinical studies. Moreover, recent preclinical studies have suggested a role of circulating progenitor cell populations (EPCs or CPCs) in tumor re-growth after therapy. Cytotoxic agents administered at the maximal tolerated dose induce a rapid mobilization of EPC during therapy-free intervals, possibly resulting in paradoxal rebound angiogenesis (Shaked et al. Cancer Cell 2008;14,263). This EPC mobilization can be inhibited by combination therapy with anti-angiogenic agents, resulting into sustained EC suppression. Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by increased angiogenesis in the BM. The effect of novel agents such as Bortezomib and Thalidomide (THAL) is partially mediated by inhibition of BM angiogenesis. In the present study, we evaluated CD31+CD45– and CD34+CD133+CD45dim circulating cell numbers in MM patients and monitored their kinetics in patients treated with MEL, Bortezomib or THAL. Cells were enumerated among blood mononuclear cells by multicolor flow cytometry according to a standardized protocol (Duda et al. Nat Protoc 2007;2,805) at baseline and at multiple time points during treatment. Baseline levels and changes over time were correlated with response and survival. At baseline, MM patients (n=71) show significant higher CD31+CD45– and CD34+CD133+CD45dim circulating cell levels compared to healthy individuals (n=10) (7 and 2,5-fold increase, respectively, p<0,02). Moreover, both CD31+CD45– and CD34+CD133+CD45dim circulating cell numbers where higher in patients with active versus non-active disease (1,9 and 4 fold increase, p<0,05) and in patients with relapsed/refractory disease, versus at diagnosis (2,1 and 2 fold increase, p<0,05), reflecting increased angiogenesis associated with disease progression. Treatment with Bortezomib or THAL resulted in a rapid and sustained decline in CD31+CD45– and CD34+CD133+CD45dim circulating cell numbers, whereas treatment with MEL induced an initial decrease followed by a transient, significant (up to 20-fold) increase in CD34+CD133+CD45dim circulating cell levels at the end of each cycle. This increase was even more pronounced when hematopoietic growth factors were used. Interestingly, patients treated with MEL in combination with Bortezomib or THAL showed a less pronounced CD34+CD133+CD45dim circulating cell increase than with MEL alone, suggesting that Bortezomib and THAL inhibited MEL-induced progenitor cell mobilization. In conclusion, the findings in this study show that CD31+CD45– and CD34+CD133+CD45dim circulating cell levels are increased in MM patients and correlate with disease progression. In addition, these results suggest that CD31+CD45– and CD34+CD133+CD45dim circulating cell enumeration may represent a useful angiogenesis biomarker to assess prognosis or treatment responses in MM. Treatment with Bortezomib and THAL resulted in a sustained decrease of CD34+CD133+CD45dim circulating cell levels and inhibition of MEL-induced mobilization of these progenitor cells. These findings may reflect an additional mechanism for the anti-angiogenic and chemosensitizing effects of Bortezomib and THAL, resulting into increased anti-tumoral efficacy and clinical benefit as shown in recent randomized trials. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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