scholarly journals Hans Werner Lissmann, 30 April 1909 - 21 April 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 235-245
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
North East ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Family ◽  
Northern Shore ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Village ◽  
First World

Hans Lissmann overcame extraordinary difficulties to become one of the pioneers of experiments on animal locomotion and the discoverer of the electric sense of fishes. The Russian Empire He was born on 30 April 1909 at Nikolayev, a Black Sea port near Odessa. Most of what we know of his early life comes from two typewritten memoirs, written in 1944 when he was interned. He was the younger of the two sons of German parents, Robert Lissmann, an exporter of grain, and his wife Ebba. A photograph taken in 1913 or 1914 shows a prosperous family formally posed with the boys dressed immaculately and impractically, entirely in white. Until Hans was five the family lived in Nikolayev and in Novorossiysk, another port on the northern shore of the Black Sea. He spoke Russian with his parents and French with his grandparents. Then, after the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, the family was sent to Kargala, a village near Orenburg on the edge of the Urals, 1100 miles north-east of Nikolayev. There they were interned as aliens among a population of Tartars, Bashkirs and Kirghis. Hans learned some Tartar, and was also taught German. Drawings that he made there show a village of log buildings inhabited by men in turbans, and a rider on a Bactrian camel. Their mother taught the boys arithmetic and languages, and arranged for them to be introduced to biology by an interned zoologist and a botanist who took them into the surrounding countryside on summer afternoons. She supported the family by teaching in the village school when her husband was arrested and taken away for several months. The Russian Revolution came, and Kargala was captured and recaptured several times by the Reds and Whites.

scholarly journals The Trebizond Operation through the Eyes of Turkish Historians

2021 ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Alfina T. Sibgatullina
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Historical Monuments ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City ◽  
First World

This year marks the 105th anniversary of the operation conducted during the First World War: during this operation Russian troops, after a series of successful actions on land and at sea, captured the Black Sea port of Trebizond (today Trabzon). The capture of Trebizond helped to improve the basic conditions of the Black Sea Fleet and enabled an unimpeded delivery of reinforcements by sea to the right flank of the Russian army in the Caucasus. As a result, the Russian empire was close to establishing control over a significant part of the Ottoman Turkey’s territory. In the aftermath of the operation, the local Muslim population left Trebizond together with the Turkish army. The Russians, who entered the city without a fight, set for the transforming the city in their own way. Turkish historians, using the material of the Ottoman, Russian, and foreign periodicals, as well as archival documents, have studied in detail the intricacies of the Russians stay in the city, revealing also the damage caused by the war to the cultural and historical heritage of the region. This article provides a brief analysis of selected Turkish studies dedicated to the 100th and 105th anniversary of the Trebizond operation. It also discusses the issue of war refugees and the activities of Russian scientists, who were engaged in the collection of historical monuments in Trebizond during the war.

The Transformation of Ottoman Policies toward the Ottoman Greeks during the First World War

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taner Akçam
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Greek Population ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
World War ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
First World

This chapter examines how the policy followed against the Ottoman Greeks underwent an important change in November 1914, when the use of widespread violence against the Greeks and their forcible expulsion to Greece were halted. Policies concerning the Greeks during the war years were restricted henceforth to sending some of those living in coastal areas to interior provinces for military reasons. This procedure, connected with Russian military victories at the end of 1916 and throughout 1917, was carried out in a systematic manner, particularly in the Black Sea region. In some areas, massacres of Greeks were observed, but in general the Greek population remained exempt from the policy of deportation and annihilation applied to the Armenians.

scholarly journals The System of Public Education on the Territory of the Black Sea Province in 1896–1917. Part 2

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1067-1084
Author(s):  
Aleksandr A. Cherkasov ◽  
◽  
Sergei N. Bratanovskii ◽  
Larisa A. Koroleva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
First World War ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

The article discusses the system of public education on the territory of the Black Sea province in 1896–1917. In this part, the authors consider the period of 1908–1917, that is, from the start of preparatory activities for the introduction of universal primary education to the February revolution. The main sources for the preparation of the work were the annual “Reports on the state of educational institutions in the Caucasian educational district” which presented data on schools under the Ministry of Public Education and the All-Subordinate reports of the Ober-Prosecutor of the Holy Synod, which reflected the information on parish schools. The reporting documents of the Ministry of Public Education, which were deposited in the Russian state historical archive (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation), are also of great importance. In conclusion, the authors state that in the period from 1896 to 1917 a whole network of educational institutions was established on the territory of the Black sea province, which consisted of 4 high schools, 11 lower educational institutions and 156 primary schools. The total number of educational institutions was 171, 30 of those were subordinate to the ecclesiastical department, and 128 — to the Ministry of Public Education. On the eve of the First world war, more than 10 thousand children were enrolled in schools, out of 13,8 thousand children of school age. Under these circumstances, if this course had continued and had not been affected by the First world war, we could say that by 1918, all 100 % of children in the Black sea province would have been covered by school.

The Struggle for “The Enslaved Rus”: Conversion of Rusin Prisoners of War to Orthodoxy in Omsk (1915–1917)

Rusin ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 99-114
Author(s):  
A.V. Sushko ◽  
◽  
D.I. Petin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
First World War ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Mass Conversion ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
First World

The article examines an understudied aspect of religious life in Omsk during the First World War, associated with mass conversion to the Orthodoxy of Rusin prisoners of war – former soldiers and officers of the Austro-Hungarian army. The research is based on the materials from the journal Omskie Eparkhialnye Vedomosti and the registration records of the birth books of Omsk Orthodox churches for 1915–1917. The combination of the anthropological approach with the problem-chronological and historicalcomparative methods allowed a thorough investigation of the phenomenon of mass conversion of Rusin prisoners of war to Orthodoxy, linking it with the specific historical situation and the personalities of church hierarchs who served in Siberia. The authors argue that the “Omsk phenomenon” of Rusins’ joining Orthodoxy was conditioned by the ascetic activity of the missionaries from the Omsk and Pavlodar dioceses, lead by Bishop Sylvester (Olshevsky). However, it should be emphasized that the dynamic development of this process was ensured by the official ideology based on Orthodox values, which dominated in the Russian Empire. The ideological factor of the conversion to Orthodoxy was decisive for the Rusins, who were attracted by the Orthodox empire, the “state of the Russian people”. The fall of the monarchy as a result of the Russian Revolution changed the paradigm of the country’s development and immediately put an end to the massive conversions of Rusins to Orthodoxy in Omsk. The article may be of interest to researchers of the history of Rusins, military and social history, as well as national and religious politics.

scholarly journals YU.V. BOUTOROVA FOUNDATION IN SYZRAN ARCHIVE AND ITS SOURCE POTENTIAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
E.I. Sumburova
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Family Values ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
First World

The article examines the history of the creation of the personal Fund of Yulia Vladimirovna Boutorova (1885-1946), analyzes the source possibilities of the Fund's materials in the study of the history of everyday life of the Volga nobility at the turn of the XIX - XX centuries, the history of the First world war and the collapse of the Russian Empire. The author notes the uniqueness of the archive Fund of Yu. V. Boutorova as the only personal Fund of the pre-Soviet period in the archive of Syzran. When working with the materials of the Foundation, the method of reconstruction of the "family archive” was used, based on the methodological approaches of the new scientific direction memory studies, which allowed to restore the key moments of the Boutorov family's life and determine their main family values.

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