scholarly journals Responsiveness to conspecific distress calls is influenced by day-roost proximity in bats ( Saccopteryx bilineata )

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 160151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Eckenweber ◽  
Mirjam Knörnschild
Keyword(s):  
Group Composition ◽  
Playback Experiments ◽  
Distress Call ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Saccopteryx Bilineata ◽  
Distress Calls ◽  
Foraging Site ◽  
Physical Distress ◽  
Mobbing Behaviour

Distress calls signal extreme physical distress, e.g. being caught by a predator. In many bat species, distress calls attract conspecifics. Because bats often occupy perennial day-roosts, they might adapt their responsiveness according to the social relevance in which distress calls are broadcast. Specifically, we hypothesized that conspecific distress calls broadcast within or in proximity to the day-roost would elicit a stronger responsiveness than distress calls broadcast at a foraging site. We analysed the distress calls and conducted playback experiments with the greater sac-winged bat, Saccopteryx bilineata , which occupies perennial day-roosts with a stable social group composition. S. bilineata reacted significantly differently depending on the playback's location. Bats were attracted to distress call playbacks within the day-roost and in proximity to it, but showed no obvious response to distress call playbacks at a foraging site. Hence, the bats adapted their responsiveness towards distress calls depending on the social relevance in which distress calls were broadcast. Distress calls within or in proximity to the day-roost are probably perceived as a greater threat and thus have a higher behavioural relevance than distress calls at foraging sites, either because bats want to assess the predation risk or because they engage in mobbing behaviour.

scholarly journals Offspring Discrimination Without Recognition: California Towhee Responses to Chick Distress Calls

The Condor ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauryn Benedict
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Decision Rule ◽  
Playback Experiments ◽  
Distress Call ◽  
Parental Fitness ◽  
Vocal Recognition ◽  
Distress Calls ◽  
Individual Offspring ◽  
Fitness Benefits ◽  
Offspring Discrimination

AbstractAbstractAccurate offspring discrimination improves parental fitness by ensuring appropriate parental investment. In colonial avian species, offspring discrimination is often mediated by recognition of individual offspring vocalizations, but spatially segregated species do not necessarily need sophisticated recognition abilities if parents can use alternative information to distinguish offspring from nonoffspring. I experimentally tested the hypothesis that territorial California Towhee (Pipilo crissalis) parents use a location-based decision rule, instead of true vocal recognition of offspring, when deciding whether to respond to chick distress calls. Accurate responses to offspring distress calls should be favored by natural selection because they can have large fitness benefits if parents succeed in chasing away potential nest predators. Responses to nonoffspring, in contrast, may be costly and should not be favored by natural selection. Towhee parents were presented with a series of three playback experiments in which I manipulated the identity of the vocalizing chick, the age of resident chicks, and the location of the distress call broadcast. Parents showed no evidence of individual vocal recognition and no pattern of differential response to distress calls when offspring age differed from that of the calling chick. Parents did, however, exhibit a significant tendency to approach distress calls originating near their offspring more often than distress calls originating elsewhere on their territory. These results provide support for the evolution of an offspring discrimination strategy based on a simple location-based decision rule instead of true vocal recognition.

HETEROSPECIFIC RESPONSES TO SCREAM CALLS AND VOCAL MIMICRY BY PHAINOPEPLAS (PHAINOPEPLA NITENS) IN DISTRESS

Behaviour ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
pp. 775-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miyoko Chu
Keyword(s):  
Playback Experiments ◽  
Vocal Mimicry ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Distress Calls ◽  
Phainopepla Nitens ◽  
Mobbing Behaviour

AbstractUsing playback experiments, I tested whether distress calls by phainopeplas attract heterospecifics and elicit mobbing of a predator decoy. Phainopeplas use two types of distress calls: loud scream calls and mimicry of other species' vocalisations. Screams and imitations together attracted significantly more heterospecifics than in the absence of distress calls. When broadcast alone, scream calls were more effective at eliciting heterospecific approach and mobbing behaviour than were imitations. Birds were significantly more likely to mob the predator decoy during broadcast of screams and imitations than during broadcast of screams with digitally scrambled imitations, even though there was no significant difference between treatments in the number of birds initially approaching. This suggests that precise mimicry does not play a key role in attracting heterospecifics but may elicit increased mobbing once they have arrived. Mimicry did not appear to be directed at the species whose calls were imitated; only 4 of the 19 species responding to distress calls were model (mimicked) species, and birds mobbed the predator decoy regardless of whether imitations of their own calls were used in playback trials.

PHILOSOPHICAL PROPAEDEUTICS IN THE SYSTEM OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Gan N.Yu. ◽  
Ponomareva L.I. ◽  
Obukhova K.A.
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Training

Today, worldview, spiritual and moral problems that have always been reflected in education and upbringing come to the fore in society. In this situation, there is a demand for philosophical categories. One of the priority goals of education in modern conditions is the formation of a reasonable, reflexive person who is able to analyze their actions and the actions of other people. Modern science is characterized by an understanding of the absolute value and significance of childhood in the development of the individual, which implies the need for its multilateral study. In the conditions of democratization of all spheres of life, the child ceases to be a passive object of education and training, and becomes an active carrier of their own meanings of being and the subject of world creation. One of the realities of childhood is philosophizing, so it is extremely timely to address the identification of its place and role in the world of childhood. Children's philosophizing is extremely poorly studied, although the need for its analysis is becoming more obvious. Children's philosophizing is one of the forms of philosophical reflection, which has its own qualitative specificity, on the one hand, and commonality with all other forms of philosophizing, on the other. The social relevance of the proposed research lies in the fact that children's philosophizing can be considered as an intellectual indicator of a child's socialization, since the process of reflection involves the adoption and development of culture. Modern society, in contrast to the traditional one, is ready to "accept" a philosophizing child, which means that it is necessary to determine the main characteristics and conditions of children's philosophizing.

Shall I trust you? From child human-robot interaction to trusting relationships

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinzia Di Dio ◽  
Federico Manzi ◽  
Giulia Peretti ◽  
Angelo Cangelosi ◽  
Paul L. Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Pattern ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Cognitive Correlates ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

Studying trust within human-robot interaction is of great importance given the social relevance of robotic agents in a variety of contexts. We investigated the acquisition, loss and restoration of trust when preschool and school-age children played with either a human or a humanoid robot in-vivo. The relationship between trust and the quality of attachment relationships, Theory of Mind, and executive function skills was also investigated. No differences were found in children’s trust in the play-partner as a function of agency (human or robot). Nevertheless, 3-years-olds showed a trend toward trusting the human more than the robot, while 7-years-olds displayed the reverse behavioral pattern, thus highlighting the developing interplay between affective and cognitive correlates of trust.

scholarly journals Preparing Education Students for an International Future? Connecting Students’ Experience to Institutional Contexts

2021 ◽  
pp. 102831532199849
Author(s):  
Nafsika Alexiadou ◽  
Zoi Kefala ◽  
Linda Rönnberg
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Intercultural Understanding ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Institutional Contexts ◽  
Internationalization At Home

This article focuses on “internationalization at home” (IaH) for education students in Swedish Universities and its significance for their professional formation and future practice. We draw on research in two large institutions and explore the perceptions and experiences of internationalization of home students in education. We find that while the “intercultural” understanding of students is well developed, the international and intercultural dimensions of experiencing IaH are limited, due to several institutional and learning environment contexts. This has consequences for the social dimensions of future teaching practice. In addition, the perception of the discipline as “national” is significant in shaping the outlook of students toward international questions and their own future personal and professional mobility. We contextualize these findings using documentary analysis and staff interviews, and argue that to achieve intercultural and international learning environments of quality, social relevance, and long-term social benefit, we need to rethink how internationalization perspectives are integrated in teacher education courses.

scholarly journals Inverting the Facing-the-Viewer Bias for Biological Motion Stimuli

i-Perception ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 204166951775017
Author(s):  
Séamas Weech ◽  
Nikolaus F. Troje
Keyword(s):  
Biological Motion ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
Shape Information ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Stick Figure ◽  
Visual Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Point Light ◽  
Ambiguous Point

Depth-ambiguous point-light walkers are most frequently seen as facing-the-viewer (FTV). It has been argued that the FTV bias depends on recognising the stimulus as a person. Accordingly, reducing the social relevance of biological motion by presenting stimuli upside down has been shown to reduce FTV bias. Here, we replicated the experiment that reported this finding and added stick figure walkers to the task in order to assess the effect of explicit shape information on facing bias for inverted figures. We measured the FTV bias for upright and inverted stick figure walkers and point-light walkers presented in different azimuth orientations. Inversion of the stimuli did not reduce facing direction judgements to chance levels. In fact, we observed a significant facing away bias in the inverted stimulus conditions. In addition, we found no difference in the pattern of data between stick figure and point-light walkers. Although the results are broadly consistent with previous findings, we do not conclude that inverting biological motion simply negates the FTV bias; rather, inversion causes stimuli to be seen facing away from the viewer more often than not. The results support the interpretation that primarily low-level visual processes are responsible for the biases produced by both upright and inverted stimuli.

The map is not the territory: Applying qualitative Geographic Information Systems in the practice of activist archaeology

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael JE O’Rourke
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
The Public ◽  
North American Archaeology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Activist Archaeology

In response to concerns regarding the social relevance of North American archaeology, it has been suggested that the tenets of ‘activist scholarship’ can provide a framework for a more publically engaged archaeological discipline. Maps have long been employed in the public dissemination of archaeological research results, but they can also play a role in enhancing public participation in heritage management initiatives. This article outlines how the goals of activist archaeology can be achieved through the mobilization of qualitative Geographic Information Systems practices, with an example of how ‘grounded visualization’ methods were employed in assessing the vulnerability of Inuvialuit cultural landscapes to the impacts of modern climate change.

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