scholarly journals Parenting behaviour is highly heritable in male stickleback

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 171029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison M. Bell ◽  
Rebecca Trapp ◽  
Jason Keagy
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Offspring Survival ◽  
Parental Behaviour ◽  
Freshwater Population ◽  
Behavioural Repertoire ◽  
Parenting Behaviour ◽  
Fanning Behaviour

Parental care is critical for fitness, yet little is known about its genetic basis. Here, we estimate the heritability of parenting behaviour in a species famous for its diversity and its behavioural repertoire: three-spined stickleback ( Gasterosteus aculeatus ). Male three-spined stickleback are the sole providers of parental care that is necessary for offspring survival; therefore, this system offers the opportunity to study the inheritance of parental behaviour when selection is primarily acting on males. Fanning behaviour is a conspicuous parental behaviour that is readily quantified in this species. We show that the heritability of fanning behaviour is ≥0.9 and significantly different from zero within a freshwater population. Moreover, there was abundant genetic variation for fanning behaviour, indicating that it could readily evolve. These results suggest that parenting behaviour is tractable for further genetic dissection in this system.

Show me you care: female mate choice based on egg attendance rather than male or territorial traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 1054-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anyelet Valencia-Aguilar ◽  
Kelly R Zamudio ◽  
Célio F B Haddad ◽  
Steve M Bogdanowicz ◽  
Cynthia P A Prado
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Paternal Care ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Female Mate Choice ◽  
Male Reproductive Success ◽  
Offspring Survival ◽  
Territory Quality ◽  
Female Mate

Abstract Female mate choice is often based on male traits, including signals or behaviors, and/or the quality of a male’s territory. In species with obligate paternal care, where care directly affects offspring survival, females may also base their mate choices on the quality of a sire’s care. Here, we quantified male reproductive success in a natural population of the glass frog Hyalinobatrachium cappellei, a species with male parental care, to determine the influence of territory quality, male traits, and paternal care behaviors on female mate choice. We found that attending males have a higher chance of gaining new clutches than nonattending males. Our results indicate that females do not select males based only on body condition, calling persistence, or territory traits. Instead, our findings support the hypothesis that females choose males based on care status. Indeed, males already attending a clutch were 70% more likely to obtain another clutch, and the time to acquire an additional clutch was significantly shorter. We also found that males adjust their parental care effort in response to genetic relatedness by caring only for their own offspring; however, remaining close to unrelated clutches serves as a strategy to attract females and increase chances of successful mating. Thus, males that establish territories that already contain clutches benefit from the signal eggs provide to females.

Genetic Dissection of Haploid Male Fertility in Maize (Zea mays L.)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiwei Yang ◽  
Haochuan Li ◽  
Yanzhi Qu ◽  
Qiong Chen ◽  
Jihua Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Fertility ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Mapping Population ◽  
Transgressive Segregation ◽  
Haploid Genome ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Genome Doubling ◽  
Haploid Male ◽  
Female Donor ◽  
Simple Sequence

AbstractHaploid genome doubling is a key limiting step of haploid breeding in maize. Spontaneous restoration of haploid male fertility (HMF) provides a method by which costs can be saved and which does not require the use of toxic chemicals, in contrast to the artificial doubling process. To reveal the genetic basis of HMF, haploids were obtained from the offspring of 285 F2:3 families, derived from the cross Zheng58× K22. The F2:3 families were used as female donor and YHI-1 as the male inducer line. The rates of HMF from each family line were evaluated at two field sites over two planting seasons. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for HMF were identified using a genetic linkage map containing 157 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. QTL for HMF displayed incomplete dominance. Transgressive segregation of haploids from F2:3 families was observed relative to haploids derived from the two parents of the mapping population. A total of nine QTL were detected, which were distributed on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 7, and 8. Three QTL, qHMF3b, qHMF7a, and qHMF7b were detected in both locations, respectively. In our mapping population, HMF was controlled by three major QTL. These QTL could be useful to predict the ability of spontaneous haploid genome doubling in related breeding materials, and to accelerate the haploid breeding process by introgression or aggregation of those QTL.

scholarly journals Genetic dissection of yield-related traits and mid-parent heterosis for those traits in maize (Zea mays L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Yi ◽  
Yinghong Liu ◽  
Xianbin Hou ◽  
Xiangge Zhang ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Hybrid Mapping ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Phenotypic Variations ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Mapping Populations

Abstract Background Utilization of heterosis in maize could be critical in maize breeding for boosting grain yield. However, the genetic architecture of heterosis is not fully understood. To dissect the genetic basis of yield-related traits and heterosis in maize, 301 recombinant inbred lines derived from 08 to 641 × YE478 and 298 hybrids from the immortalized F2 (IF2) population were used to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for nine yield-related traits and mid-parent heterosis. Results We observed 156 QTLs, 28 pairs of loci with epistatic interaction, and 10 significant QTL × environment interactions in the inbred and hybrid mapping populations. The high heterosis in F1 and IF2 populations for kernel weight per ear (KWPE), ear weight per ear (EWPE), and kernel number per row (KNPR) matched the high percentages of QTLs (over 50%) for those traits exhibiting overdominance, whereas a notable predominance of loci with dominance effects (more than 70%) was observed for traits that show low heterosis such as cob weight per ear (CWPE), rate of kernel production (RKP), ear length (EL), ear diameter (ED), cob diameter, and row number (RN). The environmentally stable QTL qRKP3–2 was identified across two mapping populations, while qKWPE9, affecting the trait mean and the mid-parent heterosis (MPH) level, explained over 18% of phenotypic variations. Nine QTLs, qEWPE9–1, qEWPE10–1, qCWPE6, qEL8, qED2–2, qRN10–1, qKWPE9, qKWPE10–1, and qRKP4–3, accounted for over 10% of phenotypic variation. In addition, QTL mapping identified 95 QTLs that were gathered together and integrated into 33 QTL clusters on 10 chromosomes. Conclusions The results revealed that (1) the inheritance of yield-related traits and MPH in the heterotic pattern improved Reid (PA) × Tem-tropic I (PB) is trait-dependent; (2) a large proportion of loci showed dominance effects, whereas overdominance also contributed to MPH for KNPR, EWPE, and KWPE; (3) marker-assisted selection for markers at genomic regions 1.09–1.11, 2.04, 3.08–3.09, and 10.04–10.05 contributed to hybrid performance per se and heterosis and were repeatedly reported in previous studies using different heterotic patterns is recommended.

Foraging Behaviour and Memory Window in Sticklebacks

Behaviour ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 132 (15-16) ◽  
pp. 1241-1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.N. Hughes ◽  
P.A. Mackney
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Memory Window ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Marine Population ◽  
Freshwater Population ◽  
Spinachia Spinachia ◽  
The Stability

AbstractIndividuals were collected from a residential marine population of Spinachia spinachia, an anadromous population of Gasterosteus aculeatus forma trachura and a residential freshwater population of G. aculeatus forma leiura. After maintenance for 2 months on a diet of mysid, individuals were subjected to ten, consecutive daily trials on a diet of amphipods or oligochaetes. During this period, individuals learned to handle the prey more effectively, as measured by attack efficiency, handling efficiency and handling time. Learning was similar among populations but differed between diets, being more pronounced for amphipods, which are more difficult to catch and handle than oligochaetes. Once trained to these diets, fish were tested for foraging efficiency after successively longer periods of stimulus deprivation, when they were fed a maintenance diet of mysid. All three measures of foraging efficiency with the amphipod diet, but only that based on handling time with the oligochacte diet, declined to naive levels in the residential marine and anadromous populations. No decrease in foraging efficiency with either diet occurred in the residential freshwater population. Memory window was 8 d, 10 d and > 25 d in the residential marine, anadromous and residential freshwater populations respectively. The large difference between the freshwater and two marine populations is interpreted as an adaptive response to the stability of arrays of prey, characteristic of their respective habitats.

Evolutionary history of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus spp.) in British Columbia: insights from a physiological clock

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 2154-2158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rees Kassen ◽  
Dolph Schluter ◽  
John Donald McPhail
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Freshwater Invasion ◽  
Freshwater Population ◽  
Threespine Sticklebacks ◽  
History Of

Geologic and allozyme evidence suggests that threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus complex) in low-lying southwestern British Columbia lakes were founded during two incursions of marine sticklebacks after the retreat of the Pleistocene glaciers (the double-invasion hypothesis). We used the salinity tolerance of embryos, measured as hatchability in salt water, to establish the relative order of freshwater invasion by marine sticklebacks and to test the double-invasion hypothesis. Limnetics and an anadromous population hatched nearly equivalent numbers of young in salt water as in fresh water, whereas benthics and one solitary freshwater population had low hatchability in salt water. We also found that eggs from freshwater populations were larger than those from marine populations and limnetics had smaller eggs than benthics and the solitary population. These results support the double-invasion hypothesis and suggest a trend of increasing egg size with increasing time spent in fresh water.

Intraspecific variation in the egg-wrapping behaviour of female smooth newts, Lissotriton vulgaris

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Tóth ◽  
Herbert Hoi ◽  
Attila Hettyey
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Offspring Survival ◽  
Lissotriton Vulgaris ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Day By Day

AbstractIn many species of the Salamandridae family, females provide parental care by carefully wrapping plant material around their eggs. As this behaviour has been shown to have a large effect on offspring survival, variation in this trait is expected to be low. Detailed investigations are, however, lacking. In the present study, we analyzed the consistency of egg-wrapping behaviour in two time periods within a breeding season in female smooth newts (Lissotriton vulgaris). We found a surprisingly low proportion of wrapped eggs of around 47% during the first period (when males were present) and an almost doubled ratio of around 92% in the second period (when males were absent). Also, the variation between individuals was significantly lower in the second period than in the first one. Furthermore, the bigger the females were, the more the proportion of wrapped eggs increased day by day within the first period; however, this relationship did not fully explain the observed difference between the two periods. Our results suggest that parental care in smooth newts can be influenced by the presence of mating partners and body size, and provide the first empirical evidence for within-individual variation in egg-wrapping in a salamandrid species.

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