scholarly journals The structure and activation of the phosgene molecule. Part I.—General introduction—Predissociation of molecules

1930 ◽  
Vol 128 (807) ◽  
pp. 178-189 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diatomic Molecules ◽  
Molecular Spectra ◽  
Wave Mechanics ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
Atomic Spectra ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Experimental Researches ◽  
Number Of Authors

The study of diatomic molecules is already very advanced. By applying the principles of wave mechanics a number of authors, especially Hund, Heitler, London, Mulliken, Herzberg, Wigner and Witmer, have developed the theory of the conditions of formation, of electronic activation, and of different types of dissociation of diatomic molecules. They have also established relations between the electronic terms of atoms and those of related molecules, and have thus succeeded in arranging the terms of molecular spectra in a manner analogous to that for atomic spectra. The experimental researches during recent years of Mulliken, Mecke, Hund, Diecke, Franck and his school, Hulthen, Birge, Hopfield, Richardson, Curtis, Johnson, Herzberg and many others have established a very exact knowledge of the structure of spectra of diatomic molecules.

M-Payment Solutions and M-Commerce Fraud Management

2011 ◽  
pp. 192-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seema Nambiar ◽  
Chang-Tien Lu
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Mobile Security ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Mobile Payment ◽  
Mobile Banking ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
The Third ◽  
Different Types

Mobile security and payment are central to m-commerce. The shift from physical to virtual payments has brought enormous benefits to consumers and merchants. For consumers it means ease of use. For mobile operators, mobile payment presents a unique opportunity to consolidate their central role in the m-commerce value chain. Financial organizations view mobile payment and mobile banking as a way of providing added convenience to their customers along with an opportunity to reduce their operating costs. The chapter starts by giving a general introduction to m-payment by providing an overview of the m-payment value chain, lifecycle and characteristics. In the second section, we will review competing mobile payment solutions that are found in the marketplace. The third section will review different types of mobile frauds in the m-commerce environment and solutions to prevent such frauds.

scholarly journals Sternal elevation techniques during the minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank-Martin Haecker ◽  
Thomas Krebs ◽  
Gregor J Kocher ◽  
Ralph A Schmid ◽  
Sergio B Sesia
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Pectus Excavatum ◽  
Skin Incision ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Nuss Procedure ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pectus Bar ◽  
Number Of Authors

Summary The aim of the review was to evaluate the routine use of sternal elevation techniques (SETs) during minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum (MIRPE, the Nuss procedure). We performed a review of the literature between January 1998 and September 2018 with focus on different methods of SET during MIRPE. Reported effects and side effects were evaluated and compared with our own experience concerning the routine use of the vacuum bell for sternal elevation during MIRPE during the last 13 years. SET is more often used in adult patients than in adolescents. SET improves visualization and safety of MIRPE. Advancement of the pectus introducer, retrosternal dissection and placement of the pectus bar are easier. The risk of cardial and/or pericardial lesion is reduced significantly. Different types of retractors, a crane combined with a wire and/or customized hooks are reported to be used as SET. Furthermore, routine use of a subxiphoid incision is reported. However, more technical equipment, and in some SETs additional incisions are necessary. In contrast, no additional skin incision is necessary for the vacuum bell. The routine intraoperative use of the vacuum bell was safe and effective in 131 patients. It facilitates the retrosternal dissection and the insertion of the pectus bar like other SETs. Besides a temporary mild hematoma, no relevant side effect was observed. In conclusion, an increasing number of authors report on the routine use of SET during MIRPE to improve safety of the procedure. We recommend the routine intraoperative use of the vacuum bell during MIRPE.

A qp-DEFORMED ANHARMONIC OSCILLATOR WITH THE Uqp(U2) ⊃ Uqp(O2) SYMMETRY AND ITS APPLICATION TO VIBRATIONAL MOLECULAR SPECTRA

1995 ◽  
Vol 09 (17) ◽  
pp. 1053-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUAN-QIANG ZHOU ◽  
XIN-MING ZHANG ◽  
JING-SONG HE
Keyword(s):  
Vibrational Spectra ◽  
Anharmonic Oscillator ◽  
Diatomic Molecules ◽  
The State ◽  
Molecular Spectra ◽  
State Formula ◽  
Energy Formula

A qp-deformed anharmonic oscillator with the Uqp(U2) ⊃ Uqp(O2) symmetry is presented for describing vibrational spectra of diatomic molecules. The energy formula is tested on the vibrational spectra in the state [Formula: see text] of H2 obtained through the Rydberg-Klein-Rees (RKR) method.

scholarly journals Coronavirus infection and ophthalmology

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
R F Akhmetshin ◽  
A A Rizvanov ◽  
S N Bulgar ◽  
Z G Kamalov ◽  
R F Gainutdinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Infection Source ◽  
Routine Physical Examination ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Experimental Researches

This article presents a review of the ocular manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by using materials of Russian and international researchers. After the outbreak of COVID-19 began in China in December 2019, isolated works on ocular manifestations of coronavirus infection began to appear in the literature. The review article summarizes data on the origin and species of viruses that infect humans, the structure of coronaviruses, and intermediate hosts of the virus. A separate chapter is devoted to the mode of transmission for infectious. Itis shown that the main route of COVID-19 transmission from person to person is airborne. Of great interest to the ophthalmologists is the review of works devoted to the virus detection in the conjunctival sac. In particular, some studies have shown that in patients with COVID-19, the virus is present in the lacrimal fluid. According to the authors, it indicates that coronavirus might be transmitted through the conjunctiva. These statements are confirmed by clinical and experimental researches. The presence of coronavirus in tears indicates the possibility to cause disease by the ocular route. That is a potential infection source for different types of physicians during routine examinations of patients, and especially by ophthalmologists. Therefore healthcare workers should wear eye protection when dealing with patients who may have COVID-19. Ophthalmologists must take necessary safety precautions, even in conducting a routine physical examination. It is also worth noting that conjunctivitis can be the first symptom of COVID-19. It is proved that the virus in the conjunctiva was detected even in patients without symptoms of eye inflammation. Also interesting for researchers is the manifestations of coronavirus infection in animals, which, according to the authors, is essential for understanding the possible mechanisms of disease development and manifestations in humans.

M-Payment Solutions and M-Commerce Fraud Management

2008 ◽  
pp. 139-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seema Nambiar ◽  
Chang-Tien Lu
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Mobile Security ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Mobile Payment ◽  
Mobile Banking ◽  
Market Place ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
The Third ◽  
Different Types

Mobile security and payment are central to m-commerce. The shift from physical to virtual payments has brought enormous benefits to consumers and merchants. For consumers it means ease of use. For mobile operators, mobile payment presents a unique opportunity to consolidate their central role in the m-commerce value chain. Financial organizations view mobile payment and mobile banking as a way of providing added convenience to their customers along with an opportunity to reduce their operating costs. The chapter starts by giving a general introduction to m-payment by providing an overview of the m-payment value chain, lifecycle and characteristics. In the second section, we will review competing mobile payment solutions that are found in the market-place. The third section will review different types of mobile frauds in the m-commerce environment and solutions to prevent such frauds.

Limit Cycle Vibration Analysis of a Long Rotating Cylinder Partially Filled With Liquid

1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Colding-Jorgensen
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Analysis ◽  
Linear Theory ◽  
Field Experience ◽  
Finite Amplitude ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Different Types ◽  
All Speeds ◽  
Sophisticated Analysis ◽  
Number Of Authors

The dynamics of a long, stiff cylinder, flexibly suspended at the ends, partially filled with liquid, is analyzed for varying rotating speed. It appears from the analysis that in the absence of external damping, two distinct speed ranges with unstable whirl are present, as opposed to one instability region for the short cylinder, which has been analyzed by a number of authors (Kuipers, 1964; Wolf, 1968). This is in agreement with field experience with centrifuges, where several regions of instability are often encountered, each corresponding to a particular vibration mode. The results should also apply to a jet engine with oil accidentally trapped in the rotor, or any hollow rotor with liquid trapped in the cavity. When external damping is applied the linear theory predicts the rotor to be unstable at all speeds (Kuipers, 1964). This is clearly not in accordance with field experience, and other authors have suggested different types of nonlinear analysis that can give finite amplitude stable whirl or pulsating whirl (Berman et al., 1985). In the present analysis a simplified nonlinear analysis known as the hydraulic jump approximation is applied in the two unstable speed ranges predicted by the linear theory, and a stable whirl finite amplitude, dependent on the external damping, follows. It is argued that the amplitudes found this way should always be higher than those predicted by a more sophisticated analysis, and also higher than the amplitudes measured by other authors, so that the procedure described should give a safe worst case prediction of rotor whirl amplitudes for a given external damping. Finally, an experimental setup intended to verify the analysis in a quantitative way is presented.

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