scholarly journals Coronavirus infection and ophthalmology

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
R F Akhmetshin ◽  
A A Rizvanov ◽  
S N Bulgar ◽  
Z G Kamalov ◽  
R F Gainutdinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Infection Source ◽  
Routine Physical Examination ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Experimental Researches

This article presents a review of the ocular manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by using materials of Russian and international researchers. After the outbreak of COVID-19 began in China in December 2019, isolated works on ocular manifestations of coronavirus infection began to appear in the literature. The review article summarizes data on the origin and species of viruses that infect humans, the structure of coronaviruses, and intermediate hosts of the virus. A separate chapter is devoted to the mode of transmission for infectious. Itis shown that the main route of COVID-19 transmission from person to person is airborne. Of great interest to the ophthalmologists is the review of works devoted to the virus detection in the conjunctival sac. In particular, some studies have shown that in patients with COVID-19, the virus is present in the lacrimal fluid. According to the authors, it indicates that coronavirus might be transmitted through the conjunctiva. These statements are confirmed by clinical and experimental researches. The presence of coronavirus in tears indicates the possibility to cause disease by the ocular route. That is a potential infection source for different types of physicians during routine examinations of patients, and especially by ophthalmologists. Therefore healthcare workers should wear eye protection when dealing with patients who may have COVID-19. Ophthalmologists must take necessary safety precautions, even in conducting a routine physical examination. It is also worth noting that conjunctivitis can be the first symptom of COVID-19. It is proved that the virus in the conjunctiva was detected even in patients without symptoms of eye inflammation. Also interesting for researchers is the manifestations of coronavirus infection in animals, which, according to the authors, is essential for understanding the possible mechanisms of disease development and manifestations in humans.

scholarly journals Occupational health risk among healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic: actions to limit the risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Casper
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
World Health ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Respiratory Droplets ◽  
Very High

AbstractThe World Health Organization declared coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic in March 2020. The infection with coronavirus started in Wuhan city, China, in December 2019. As of October 2020, the disease was reported in 235 countries. The coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease with high morbidity and mortality. As of February 2021, the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 globally is 102,942,987 and 2,232,233 deaths according to WHO report. This infection is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is a ribonucleic acid (RNA) β-coronavirus. The infection is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets.Healthcare workers (HCWs) play an essential role at the front lines, providing care for patients infected with this highly transmittable disease. They are exposed to very high occupational health risk as they frequently contact the infective persons. In order to limit the number of infected cases and deaths among healthcare workers, it is crucial to have better awareness, optimistic attitude, efficient PPE, and adequate health practices about COVID-19.

scholarly journals Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of antiphospholipid syndrome and ocular manifestations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunay Uludag ◽  
Neil Onghanseng ◽  
Anh N. T. Tran ◽  
Muhammad Hassan ◽  
Muhammad Sohail Halim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiphospholipid Syndrome ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibodies ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Ocular Involvement ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Thrombotic Complications ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Arteries And Veins

AbstractAntiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder associated with obstetrical complications, thrombotic complications involving both arteries and veins, and non-thrombotic manifestations affecting multiple other systems presenting in various clinical forms. Diagnosis requires the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. The exact pathogenesis of APS is not fully known. However, it has recently been shown that activation of different types of cells by antiphospholipid antibodies plays an important role in thrombosis formation. Ocular involvement is one of the important clinical manifestations of APS and can vary in presentations. Therefore, as an ophthalmologist, it is crucial to be familiar with the ocular findings of APS to prevent further complications that can develop. Furthermore, the ongoing identification of new and specific factors contributing to the pathogenesis of APS may provide new therapeutic options in the management of the disease in the future.

scholarly journals Has the COVID 19 Virus Changed Adherence to Hand Washing among Healthcare Workers?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Rosalia Ragusa ◽  
Marina Marranzano ◽  
Alessandro Lombardo ◽  
Rosalba Quattrocchi ◽  
Maria Alessandra Bellia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
World Health ◽  
Patient Contact ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Hospital Wards

The aim of the study was to assess adherence to hand washing by healthcare workers (HCWs) and its variations over time in hospital wards. We wanted to check whether the pandemic had changed the behavior of HCWs. The study was conducted between 1 January 2015, and 31 December 2020. The HCWs were observed to assess their compliance with the Five Moments for Hand Hygiene. We described the percentage of adherence to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines stratified per year, per specialty areas, per different types of HCWs. We also observed the use of gloves. Descriptive data were reported as frequencies and percentages. We observed 13,494 hand hygiene opportunities. The majority of observations concerned nurses who were confirmed as the category most frequently involved with patients. Hospital’s global adherence to WHO guidelines did not change in the last six years. During the pandemic, the rate of adherence to the procedure increased significantly only in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). In 2020, the use of gloves increased in pre-patient contact. The hand-washing permanent monitoring confirmed that it is very difficult to obtain the respect of correct hand hygiene in all opportunities, despite the ongoing pandemic and the fear of contagion.

scholarly journals The promise and peril of mHealth in developing countries

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arul Chib
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Communication Studies ◽  
Mhealth Intervention ◽  
Medical Infrastructure

The mHealth field understandably arose from a base of practice, developed a nascent, yet ever-expanding, body of inter-disciplinary scholarship, and currently hopes for recognition by, and establishment on, national and trans-national policy bodies and agendas respectively. However, to justify public investment, policymakers require a body of theoretically sound, methodologically rigorous, and generalizable, evidence on how mobile technologies can effectively improve basic healthcare service delivery for hard-to-reach, resource-poor populations in developing countries. This essay draws upon prior work, ranging from a review article, an mHealth intervention for Indonesian healthcare workers within the medical infrastructure, to a text-messaging project in Uganda focused on beneficiaries. The argument is organized around theoretical, methodological, and sustainability issues, and proposes suggestions for how the discipline of mobile communication studies can add value to the field of mHealth research in developing countries.

scholarly journals Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 detection in nasopharyngeal swab and saliva

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumio Iwasaki ◽  
Shinichi Fujisawa ◽  
Sho Nakakubo ◽  
Keisuke Kamada ◽  
Yu Yamashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Pcr Detection ◽  
Concordance Rate ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Convalescent Phase ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Face

We prospectively compared the efficacy of PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 between paired nasopharyngeal and saliva samples in 76 patients including ten COVID-19 patients. The overall concordance rate of the virus detection between the two samples was 97.4% (95%CI, 90.8-99.7). Viral load was equivalent in COVID-19 patients, but the virus tended to disappear earlier in saliva at convalescent phase compared to nasopharyngeal samples. These results suggest that saliva is a reliable noninvasive alternative to nasopharyngeal swabs and facilitate widespread PCR testing in the face of shortages of swabs and protective equipment without posing a risk to healthcare workers.

New coronavirus infection as an occupational disease: complex expert cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 720-725
Author(s):  
Railya V. Garipova ◽  
Leonid A. Strizhakov ◽  
Yuri Yu. Gorblyansky ◽  
Sergey A. Babanov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
The State ◽  
Production Factor ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The professional activity of medical workers (MW) is in close contact with daily contact with various factors of the production environment: physical, chemical, biological, and labor processes. Until 2020, tuberculosis and viral hepatitis prevailed in the structure of occupational diseases (OD) of the medical workers in the Russian Federation. According to the State report "On the state of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population in the Russian Federation in 2020," the first ranking the second place in the structure of occupational diseases, depending on the impact of harmful production factor took the illnesses associated with the action of biological factors - 20,19%, while the main reason for the growth in the incidence of healthcare workers in coronavirus infection COVID-19 (further COVID-19). The study aims were to identify problematic aspects in the establishment of the COVID-19 work from MW. Materials and methods. We have given descriptions of clinical cases, as well as a retrospective analysis of issues of OD according to the patient registers of the following medical institutions: the Center of Occupational Pathology of Sechenov University, the Republican Center of Occupational Pathology of the Ministry of Health, Republic of Tatarstan, the Regional Center of Occupational Pathology of the Samara Region. Results. In 2020, COVID-19 was the most common OD with fatal outcomes and complications in healthcare workers. Today, difficulties in determining the connection of COVID-19 with the profession arise when assessing the epidemiological history, the consequences after a coronavirus infection, and the formulation of the diagnosis. Conclusions. For a qualitative examination of the connection of COVID-19 with the profession, it is necessary to develop a list of clinical conditions with the definition of the timing of complications.

Anisakiosis (Anisakidosis)

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woon-Mok Sohn ◽  
Jong-Yil Chai
Keyword(s):  
Careful Examination ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Fish Fillet ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Infection Source ◽  
Accidental Host ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Anisakid Larvae

The term ‘anisakiosis (anisakidosis)’ or ‘anisakiasis’ collectively defines human infections caused by larval anisakids belonging to the nematode family Anisakidae or Raphidascarididae. Anisakis simplex, Anisakis physeteris, and Pseudoteranova decipiens are the three major species causing human anisakiosis. Various kinds of marine fish and cephalopods serve as the second intermediate hosts and the infection source. Ingestion of viable anisakid larvae in the fillet or viscera of these hosts is the primary cause of infection. The parasite does not develop further in humans as they are an accidental host. Clinical anisakiosis develops after the penetration of anisakid larvae into the mucosal wall of the alimentary tract, most frequently the stomach and the small intestine. The affected sites undergo erosion, ulceration, swelling, inflammation, and granuloma formation around the worm. The patients may suffer from acute abdominal pain, indigestion, nausea, vomiting, and in some instances, allergic hypersensitive reactions. Symptoms in gastric anisakiosis often resemble those seen in peptic ulcer or gastric cancer, and symptoms in intestinal anisakiosis resemble those of appendicitis or peritonitis. Treatments include removal of larval worms using a gastroendoscopic clipper or surgical resection of the mucosal tissue surrounding the worm. No confirmed effective anthelmintic drug has been introduced, though albendazole and ivermectin have been tried in vivo and in vitro. Prevention of human anisakiosis can be achieved by careful examination of fish fillet followed by removal of the worms in the restaurant or household kitchen. Immediate freezing of fish and cephalopods just after catching them on fishing boats was reported helpful for prevention of anisakiosis. It is noteworthy that anisakiosis is often associated with strong allergic and hypersensitivity reactions, with symptoms ranging from isolated angioedema to urticaria and life threatening anaphylactic shock.

scholarly journals Role of immune cells in the ocular manifestations of pemphigoid diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 251584141986812
Author(s):  
Tanima Bose
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ocular Distribution

Pemphigoid disease is classified according to the phenotypical location of the disease and the presence of different types of antibodies. The ocular distribution of pemphigoid mainly occurs in patients with bullous pemphigoid and mucous membrane pemphigoid. Several immune cells, including the cells of the innate immune system (neutrophils and γδ T cells) and the adaptive immune system (T and B cells), are involved in pemphigoid disease. The treatment of pemphigoid is still wide-ranging, and the most utilized treatment is the use of immunosuppressants and corticosteroids. In this scenario, it is absolutely important to screen the immune cells that are involved in this group of diseases and to determine if a targeted treatment approach is plausible. In conclusion, this review will identify some newer treatment possibilities for the whole spectrum of pemphigoid diseases.

scholarly journals Intensive Care Unit Setup for COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 05-11
Author(s):  
Shweta Panse ◽  
Muralidhar Kanchi ◽  
Jose Chacko ◽  
Srinath Kumar T. S. ◽  
Ranganatha Ramanjaneya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Ventilator Management ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractThe coronavirus pandemic has become a challenge to all the healthcare systems in the world. Urgent creation of an intensive care unit (ICU) for the same is the need of the hour. The ideal ICU for COVID -19 should be isolated, fully equipped with invasive and noninvasive monitoring, with 24/7 trained medical personnel, nursing staff and laboratory support. As the coronavirus infection is transmitted by droplets and is highly contagious, protection of healthcare workers is crucial. Personnel working inside the ICU should get personal protective equipment (PPE). Strict guidelines for donning and doffing of PPE should be followed to prevent cross-contamination. Respiratory failure being the commonest complication of COVID-19, knowing the ventilator management for the same is essential. It is of great importance to meticulously manage all the resources to combat this contagion.

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