The temperature distribution along a radiating gas stream in which heat is being liberated by a chemical reaction

1951 ◽  
Vol 208 (1093) ◽  
pp. 247-262
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Heat Sink ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Convection Heat Transfer ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Distance Curve ◽  
Fuel Jet ◽  
Initial Fuel ◽  
Fuel Stream

As a first approximation, to calculate the variation of flame temperature ( Y ) with distance ( X ) along a slowly burning flame, the flame is taken to consist of a central stream or jet of fuel which enters at the temperature ( T ) of the heat sink and entrains combustion air at a rate constant with respect to X . This entrained air is assumed to react rapidly with the fuel stream and the products of the reactions remain in the fuel stream, so that the temperature ( Y ) of the latter rises at a rate dY/dX which falls off as the heat capacity of this stream increases. When there is no heat loss from the fuel jet the temperature-distance curve is shown to be a rectangular hyperbola. The curvature at any point of the hyperbola increases as ( q ), the ratio of the heat capacity of the initial fuel stream to that of the final combustion products, decreases. In other cases heat transfer is supposed to take place by convection (α [ Y ─ T ]) orradiation (α [ Y 4 ─ T 4 ]) between the fuel jet and the heat sink with a heat-transfer coefficient which is assumed to be constant for a cylindrical flame and proportional to distance from the inlet for a conical flame. It is shown that in the case of the cylindrical flame the flame temperature must increase monotonically until combustion is complete, whereas the temperature in the conical flame can begin to fall off at an earlier stage. In the case of convection-heat transfer the shape of the temperature-distance curve is dependent only on ( q ) and on the ratio L/L 0 (where L ═ length for all combustion air to be entrained and L 0 ═ length in which all the combustion energy would be transferred to the surroundings if the flame remained at the adiabatic combustion temperature T a ). With radiative heat transfer the shape of the curves depends on ( q ) and L/L 0 but also on the ratio T/T a .

Forced Convection Heat Transfer of Nanofluids: A Review

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Kuchibhotla ◽  
Debjyoti Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Forced Convection ◽  
Convection Heat Transfer ◽  
Convection Heat

Stable homogeneous colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles in a liquid solvents are termed as nanofluids. In this review the results for the forced convection heat transfer of nanofluids are gleaned from the literature reports. This study attempts to evaluate the experimental data in the literature for the efficacy of employing nanofluids as heat transfer fluids (HTF) and for Thermal Energy Storage (TES). The efficacy of nanofluids for improving the performance of compact heat exchangers were also explored. In addition to thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity the rheological behavior of nanofluids also play a significant role for various applications. The material properties of nanofluids are highly sensitive to small variations in synthesis protocols. Hence the scope of this review encompassed various sub-topics including: synthesis protocols for nanofluids, materials characterization, thermo-physical properties (thermal conductivity, viscosity, specific heat capacity), pressure drop and heat transfer coefficients under forced convection conditions. The measured values of heat transfer coefficient of the nanofluids varies with testing configuration i.e. flow regime, boundary condition and geometry. Furthermore, a review of the reported results on the effects of particle concentration, size, temperature is presented in this study. A brief discussion on the pros and cons of various models in the literature is also performed — especially pertaining to the reports on the anomalous enhancement in heat transfer coefficient of nanofluids. Furthermore, the experimental data in the literature indicate that the enhancement observed in heat transfer coefficient is incongruous compared to the level of thermal conductivity enhancement obtained in these studies. Plausible explanations for this incongruous behavior is explored in this review. A brief discussion on the applicability of conventional single phase convection correlations based on Newtonian rheological models for predicting the heat transfer characteristics of the nanofluids is also explored in this review (especially considering that nanofluids often display non-Newtonian rheology). Validity of various correlations reported in the literature that were developed from experiments, is also explored in this review. These comparisons were performed as a function of various parameters, such as, for the same mass flow rate, Reynolds number, mass averaged velocity and pumping power.

A Study of Forced Convection Direct Air Cooling in the Downstream Vicinity of Heat Sinks

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Lehmann ◽  
S. J. Kosteva
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Forced Convection ◽  
Heat Sink ◽  
Convection Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Sinks ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Packaging System ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients

An experimental study of forced convection heat transfer is reported. Direct air cooling of an electronics packaging system is modeled by a channel flow, with an array of uniformly sized and spaced elements attached to one channel wall. The presence of a single or complete row of longitudinally finned heat sinks creates a modified flow pattern. Convective heat transfer rates at downstream positions are measured and compared to that of a plain array (no heat sinks). Heat transfer rates are described in terms of adiabatic heat transfer coefficients and thermal wake functions. Empirical correlations are presented for both variations in Reynolds number (5000 < Re < 20,000) and heat sink geometry. It is found that the presence of a heat sink can both enhance and degrade the heat transfer coefficient at downstream locations, depending on the relative position.

Transient Laminar Mixed Convective Heat Transfer in a Vertical Flat Duct

1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 384-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. F. Lin ◽  
C. P. Yin ◽  
W. M. Yan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Convection Heat Transfer ◽  
Unsteady Heat Transfer ◽  
Fully Developed Flow ◽  
Nusselt Numbers ◽  
Time Variations ◽  
Mixed Convection Heat Transfer ◽  
Asymmetric Heating ◽  
Insignificant Correlation

Unsteady laminar aiding and opposing mixed convection heat transfer in a vertical flat duct is numerically investigated for an initially fully developed flow. Results indicate that unsteady heat transfer characteristics in the flow are principally determined by wall-to-fluid heat capacity ratios. Effects of the buoyancy and degree of asymmetric heating or cooling are rather insignificant. Correlation equations for the time variations of local Nusselt numbers with wall-to-fluid heat capacity ratios are proposed.

A Microchannel Heat Sink With Unitary Circular Flow and Short Distance Heat Transfer Mode: Design and Analysis

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Wang ◽  
G. F. Ding
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Sink ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Convection Heat Transfer ◽  
Channel Structure ◽  
Microchannel Heat Sink ◽  
Circular Flow ◽  
High Heat Transfer

The simulation of the forced convection heat transfer occurring in a microchannel heat sink with unitary circular flow and short distance heat transfer is presented. The temperature and velocity distributions of the coolant in the microchannels under the different flow rates were performed using the commercial FE software package [ANSYS]. The lowest flow rate satisfying the maximum operating temperature of the electronic device is 2ml/min with the input heat flux 25W/cm2. The temperature difference along flow direction in the lognitudinal channel with the transverse channel arrays is reduced compared with the traditional parallel channel structure. A uniform temperature distribution and high heat transfer efficiency are developed.

A Study on Improving in Natural Convection Heat Transfer for Heat Sink of High Power LEDs

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 6834-6839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Rui Meng ◽  
Xin Ling Ma ◽  
Ji Fu Lu ◽  
Xin Li Wei
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Natural Convection ◽  
Heat Sink ◽  
Heat Transfer Performance ◽  
Convection Heat Transfer ◽  
Natural Convection Heat Transfer ◽  
Transfer Performance ◽  
Stagnation Zone ◽  
Convection Heat ◽  
Symmetry Center

In this paper the natural convection heat transfer performance of horizontal heat sink was studied by numerical simulation and experiment. The numerical simulation results show that there are some interesting features in the flow field of heat sink model. 1) Among the fins, the air vertically flows only through the fins in the symmetry center of heat sink while it horizontally flows through the fins in other area. 2) There is an air stagnation zone located at the fin root in the symmetry center of heat sink. These features both caused the decrease in heat transfer temperature difference and heat transfer area in fact. The natural convection heat transfer performance of heat sink is affected at last. In order to eliminate the air stagnation zone and change in the flow way of air, some holes were perforated at the fin root. These holes play its role. In this test, the heat transfer power of heat sink with seven holes has increased by 16.7% compared with the prototype.With the increase in the number of holes, the natural convection heat transfer power of heat sink also increases. But when the number of holes reaches to a value, the increase in the number of holes will not function properly.

scholarly journals Design of a Heat Sink for an Electronic Component in ABB Drive using Different Types of Fins

2018 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
pp. 03009
Author(s):  
Hassan Khurshid ◽  
Karthik Silaipillayarputhur ◽  
Tawfiq Al Mughanam
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Heat Sink ◽  
Convection Heat Transfer ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Convection Heat ◽  
Convection Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
The Impact

This paper considers an analytical approach in the design of a passive heat sink for an ABB electrical drive. The heat sink is intended to dissipate a certain amount of heat energy and to maintain the surface temperature of an electronic communication board at the prescribed temperature. The maximum size of the heat sink is known due to the existing space constraint. This paper details the step by step procedure in the development of a passive heat sink that functions based on the natural convection. Two commonly used fins such as rectangular plate fins and rectangular pins fins were considered for the project. A parametric study was considered wherein a relationship was developed between the convection heat transfer coefficient and the air flow. Likewise, the impact of convection heat transfer coefficient was seen on the rate of heat transfer and the fin geometry.

Natural Convection in Rectangular Cavity With Nanoparticle Enhanced Ionic Liquids (NEILs)

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Titan C. Paul ◽  
A. K. M. M. Morshed ◽  
Elise B. Fox ◽  
Ann E. Visser ◽  
Nicholas J. Bridges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Natural Convection ◽  
Thermophysical Properties ◽  
Convection Heat Transfer ◽  
Natural Convection Heat Transfer ◽  
Convection Heat

A systematic natural convection heat transfer experiment has been carried out of nanoparticle enhanced ionic liquids (NEILs) in rectangular enclosures (lengthxwidthxheight, 50×50×50mm and 50×50×75mm) heated from below condition. In the present experiment NEIL was made of N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis{(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl} imide, ([C4mpyrr][NTf2]) ionic liquid with 0.5% (weight%) Al2O3 nanoparticles. In addition to characterize the natural convection behavior of NEIL, thermophysical properties such as thermal conductivity, heat capacity, and viscosity were also measured. The result shows that the thermal conductivity of NEIL enhanced ∼3% from the base ionic liquid (IL), heat capacity enhanced ∼12% over the measured temperature range. The natural convection experimental result shows consistent for two different enclosures based on the degrading natural convection heat transfer rate over the measured Rayleigh number range. Possible reasons of the degradation of natural convection heat transfer may be the relative change of the thermophysical properties of NEIL compare to the base ionic liquid.

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