scholarly journals Evidence for novel and specialized mycorrhizal parasitism: the orchid Gastrodia confusa gains carbon from saprotrophic Mycena

2008 ◽  
Vol 276 (1657) ◽  
pp. 761-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Ogura-Tsujita ◽  
Gerhard Gebauer ◽  
Toshimasa Hashimoto ◽  
Hidetaka Umata ◽  
Tomohisa Yukawa
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Saprotrophic Fungi ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
First Time ◽  
Reference Samples

We investigated the physiological ecology of the Asian non-photosynthetic orchid Gastrodia confusa . We revealed its mycorrhizal partners by using molecular identification and identified its ultimate nutritional source by analysing carbon and nitrogen natural stable isotope abundances. Molecular identification using internal transcribed spacer and large subunit nrDNA sequences showed that G. confusa associates with several species of litter- and wood-decomposer Mycena fungi. The carbon and nitrogen isotope signatures of G. confusa were analysed together with photosynthetic plant reference samples and samples of the ectomycorrhizal epiparasite Monotropa uniflora . We found that G. confusa was highly enriched in 13 C but not greatly in 15 N, while M. uniflora was highly enriched in both 13 C and 15 N. The 13 C and 15 N signatures of G. confusa were the closest to those of the fruit bodies of saprotrophic fungi. Our results demonstrate for the first time using molecular and mass-spectrometric approaches that myco-heterotrophic plants gain carbon through parasitism of wood or litter decaying fungi. Furthermore, we demonstrate that, several otherwise free-living non-mycorrhizal, Mycena can be mycorrhizal partners of orchids.

scholarly journals First Report of Echinococcus ortleppi in Free-Living Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) from Portugal

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1256
Author(s):  
Teresa Letra Mateus ◽  
Maria João Gargaté ◽  
Anabela Vilares ◽  
Idalina Ferreira ◽  
Manuela Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
One Health ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Free Living ◽  
First Report ◽  
Wildlife Reservoirs ◽  
First Time ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus Sensu Lato

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonosis that is prevalent worldwide. It is considered endemic in Portugal but few studies have been performed on Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato and their hosts. In this study, CE cysts are reported for the first time in a free-living wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Portugal. The presence of the metacestodes in the liver of the wild boar was identified by morphological features, microscopic examination and molecular analysis. The sequencing of part of the DNA nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS-1) region revealed a G5 genotype that presently corresponds to Echinococcus ortleppi. This is the first report of E. ortleppi in Portugal and to the best of the authors’ knowledge, in Europe. These results suggest that wild boar may be a host of CE, namely, crossing the livestock–wildlife interface, which has important public health implications. Wildlife reservoirs must be taken into account as CE hosts and surveillance of game as well as health education for hunters should be implemented using a One Health approach, with implementation of feasible and tailor-made control strategies, namely, proper elimination of byproducts in the field.

scholarly journals Description of Lepiotaceous Fungal Species of the Genera Chlorophyllum, Clarkeinda, Macrolepiota, Pseudolepiota, and Xanthagaricus, from Laos and Thailand

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 666
Author(s):  
Phongeun Sysouphanthong ◽  
Naritsada Thongklang ◽  
Jian-Kui Liu ◽  
Else C. Vellinga
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
First Time

In our ongoing research on lepiotaceous taxa (Agaricaceae s.l.) in Laos and northern Thailand, we focus here on Chlorophyllum, Clarkeinda, Macrolepiota, Pseudolepiota, and Xanthagaricus. Collections were obtained from various habitats, including agricultural habitats, grasslands, and rainforests. A total of 12 taxa were examined and investigated. Of these 12, two are new for science; viz. Xanthagaricus purpureosquamulosus with brownish-grey to violet-brown squamules on a pale-violet to violet background; it shares the pileus color with X. caeruleus and X. ianthinus, but differs in other characters; and Macrolepiota excelsa, rather similar to M. procera but related toM. detersa. Two species, Pseudolepiota zangmui and Xanthagaricus necopinatus are recorded for the first time in Thailand. Four species of Chlorophyllum and a total of four species of Macrolepiota were found, viz., C. demangei and C. hortense with white basidiospores, C. molybdites and C. globosum with green basidiospores, M. detersa, M. dolichaula, the new M. excelsa, and M. velosa. Another rather common striking species is Clarkeinda trachodes, with yellow-green basidiospores. Each species is described in detail, with color photographs and line drawings. Phylogenetic analyses based on internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) region, the large subunit nuclear ribosomal (nrLSU) DNA and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2) genes provide evidence for the placement of the species covered.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Two Rare Mucoralean Species with Specific Habitats

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seo Hee Lee ◽  
Thuong T. T. Nguyen ◽  
Hyang Burm Lee
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Saprotrophic Fungi ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Gilbertella Persicaria ◽  
28S Ribosomal Dna

The order Mucorales, the largest in number of species within the Mucoromycotina, comprises typically fast-growing saprotrophic fungi. During a study of the fungal diversity of undiscovered taxa in Korea, two novel mucoralean strains, CNUFC-GWD3-9 and CNUFC-EGF1-4, were isolated from specific habitats including freshwater and fecal samples, respectively, in Korea. On the basis of their morphological characteristics and sequence analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) of 28S ribosomal DNA regions, the CNUFC-GWD3-9 and CNUFC-EGF1-4 isolates were confirmed to be Gilbertella persicaria and Pilobolus crystallinus, respectively. It is ecologically, pathologically and mycologically significant to find such rare zygomycetous fungi in such specific habitats. 

Molecular identification of mycorrhizal fungi in Dactylorhiza sambucina (Orchidaceae)

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Pellegrino ◽  
Francesca Bellusci
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Colour Polymorphism ◽  
Dactylorhiza Sambucina ◽  
Ribosomal Repeat ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sequence Types

AbstractWe amplified and sequenced internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal repeat from fungi in roots of Dactylorhiza sambucina (Orchidaceae) and used the extended database to identify the mycorrhizal fungi. We molecularly identified three ITS recovered from D. sambucina roots, one belonging to Rhizoctonia group, and two to ascomycetes, for the first time in Orchidoidae. In many cases, two sequence types were found from the same orchid root, providing that two taxa may be involved in mycorrhizal formation (multiple mycobiont colonization). Moreover, we demonstrated that D. sambucina plants, irrespective of their colour polymorphism, possess roots containing several fungi belonging to both asco- and basidiomycetes.

Morphological and molecular characterisation of three species of Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 (Tylenchida: Paratylenchidae) from China, with a first description of the male P. rostrocaudatus

Nematology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 837-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kan Zhuo ◽  
Xingtong Liu ◽  
Ye Tao ◽  
Honghong Wang ◽  
Borong Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
New Records ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Molecular Characterisation ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
First Time ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Summary In a recent survey of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with forest in China, three species of Paratylenchus, including P. aculentus, P. leptos and P. rostrocaudatus, were found. Paratylenchus leptos and P. rostrocaudatus are new records for China and the male of P. rostrocaudatus is described for the first time. Morphological descriptions, morphometrics and light microscopic photos are provided for these three species. Molecular characterisation of these species using ribosomal RNA (rRNA) D2-D3 expansion domains of large subunit (LSU D2-D3), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and small subunit (SSU) sequences are also given. Except for the ITS sequence of P. aculentus, other sequences were amplified for the first time. Phylogenetic relationships within the genus Paratylenchus are discussed as inferred from the analyses of LSU D2-D3, ITS and SSU.

scholarly journals Re-collection of Dermea prunus in China, with a description of D. chinensis sp. nov.

MycoKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 79-91
Author(s):  
Ning Jiang ◽  
Cheng-Ming Tian
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Generic Concept ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
First Time ◽  
Asexual Morphs

Dermea was protected against its synonym, Foveostroma, due to its well-circumscribed generic concept and more frequent use. We describe and illustrate Dermeachinensissp. nov. based on its morphological characteristics and a molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) sequence data. Dermeachinensis is isolated from Betulaalbosinensis with sexual and asexual morphs and can be distinguished from D.molliuscula on Betula trees by its aseptate and wider ascospores. The connection between the two morphs is proved based on sequence data. Here, we describe the asexual morph of D.pruni for the first time based on morphological and molecular data from the same host and country of origin, and compare it with other species of Prunus.

scholarly journals Characterization of Two Undescribed Mucoralean Species with Specific Habitats in Korea

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seo Hee Lee ◽  
Thuong T. T. Nguyen ◽  
Hyang Burm Lee
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Saprotrophic Fungi ◽  
Gilbertella Persicaria ◽  
28S Ribosomal Dna

The order Mucorales, the largest in number of species within the Mucoromycotina, comprises typically fast-growing saprotrophic fungi. During a study of the fungal diversity of undiscovered taxa in Korea, two mucoralean strains, CNUFC-GWD3-9 and CNUFC-EGF1-4, were isolated from specific habitats including freshwater and fecal samples, respectively, in Korea. The strains were analyzed both for morphology and phylogeny based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) of 28S ribosomal DNA regions. On the basis of their morphological characteristics and sequence analyses, isolates CNUFC-GWD3-9 and CNUFC-EGF1-4 were confirmed to be Gilbertella persicaria and Pilobolus crystallinus, respectively.To the best of our knowledge, there are no published literature records of these two genera in Korea.

A morpho-molecular re-appraisal of Polystigma fulvum and P. rubrum (Polystigma, Polystigmataceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 422 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-224
Author(s):  
DIGVIJAYINI BUNDHUN ◽  
RAJESH JEEWON ◽  
MONIKA C. DAYARATHNE ◽  
TIMUR S. BULGAKOV ◽  
ALEXANDER K. KHRAMTSOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Conidiogenous Cell ◽  
Nuclear Rdna ◽  
Asexual Morph ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Sexual Morph ◽  
First Time

Collections of eleven Prunus specimens infected with Polystigma species from Belarus and Russia yielded two existing taxa: Polystigma fulvum (sexual morph) and Polystigma rubrum (asexual morph). DNA based phylogenies of large subunit nuclear rDNA (LSU) and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) are provided for the first time for Polystigma fulvum and its placement is confirmed within Polystigmataceae. The concatenated LSU and ITS DNA sequence data for P. rubrum, analyzed to infer its potential relationship to other Polystigma species, also show that strains of P. rubrum are segregated into two subclades with sufficient genetic differences. No significant differences in morphology or morphometry among the strains of P. rubrum between the two subclades, especially vis-à-vis the conidiogenous cell and conidium sizes are observed (P>0.05). Subspecies concept of P. rubrum complex is discussed.

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