scholarly journals Visual gaze control during peering flight manoeuvres in honeybees

2009 ◽  
Vol 277 (1685) ◽  
pp. 1209-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Boeddeker ◽  
Jan M. Hemmi
Keyword(s):  
Optic Flow ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Motion Blur ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Gaze Stabilization ◽  
Motion Cues ◽  
Visual Motion Cues ◽  
Visual Gaze

As animals travel through the environment, powerful reflexes help stabilize their gaze by actively maintaining head and eyes in a level orientation. Gaze stabilization reduces motion blur and prevents image rotations. It also assists in depth perception based on translational optic flow. Here we describe side-to-side flight manoeuvres in honeybees and investigate how the bees’ gaze is stabilized against rotations during these movements. We used high-speed video equipment to record flight paths and head movements in honeybees visiting a feeder. We show that during their approach, bees generate lateral movements with a median amplitude of about 20 mm. These movements occur with a frequency of up to 7 Hz and are generated by periodic roll movements of the thorax with amplitudes of up to ±60°. During such thorax roll oscillations, the head is held close to horizontal, thereby minimizing rotational optic flow. By having bees fly through an oscillating, patterned drum, we show that head stabilization is based mainly on visual motion cues. Bees exposed to a continuously rotating drum, however, hold their head fixed at an oblique angle. This result shows that although gaze stabilization is driven by visual motion cues, it is limited by other mechanisms, such as the dorsal light response or gravity reception.

scholarly journals Detection of deceptive motions in rugby from visual motion cues

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. e0220878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Dean Lynch ◽  
Anne-Hélène Olivier ◽  
Benoit Bideau ◽  
Richard Kulpa
Keyword(s):  
Visual Motion ◽  
Motion Cues ◽  
Visual Motion Cues

scholarly journals Motion detection: cells, circuits and algorithms

Neuroforum ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. A61-A72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giordano Ramos-Traslosheros ◽  
Miriam Henning ◽  
Marion Silies
Keyword(s):  
Motion Detection ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Motion Cues ◽  
Detection Algorithms ◽  
Preferred Direction ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Classical Models ◽  
Light Signals ◽  
Circuit Components ◽  
Visual Motion Cues

Abstract Many animals use visual motion cues to inform different behaviors. The basis for motion detection is the comparison of light signals over space and time. How a nervous system performs such spatiotemporal correlations has long been considered a paradigmatic neural computation. Here, we will first describe classical models of motion detection and introduce core motion detecting circuits in Drosophila. Direct measurements of the response properties of the first direction-selective cells in the Drosophila visual system have revealed new insights about the implementation of motion detection algorithms. Recent data suggest a combination of two mechanisms, a nonlinear enhancement of signals moving into the preferred direction, as well as a suppression of signals moving into the opposite direction. These findings as well as a functional analysis of the circuit components have shown that the microcircuits that process elementary motion are more complex than anticipated. Building on this, we have the opportunity to understand detailed properties of elementary, yet intricate microcircuits.

scholarly journals The effect of contextual cues on the encoding of motor memories

2013 ◽  
Vol 109 (10) ◽  
pp. 2632-2644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian S. Howard ◽  
Daniel M. Wolpert ◽  
David W. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Contextual Cues ◽  
Motion Cues ◽  
Visual Motion Cues ◽  
Display Location

Several studies have shown that sensory contextual cues can reduce the interference observed during learning of opposing force fields. However, because each study examined a small set of cues, often in a unique paradigm, the relative efficacy of different sensory contextual cues is unclear. In the present study we quantify how seven contextual cues, some investigated previously and some novel, affect the formation and recall of motor memories. Subjects made movements in a velocity-dependent curl field, with direction varying randomly from trial to trial but always associated with a unique contextual cue. Linking field direction to the cursor or background color, or to peripheral visual motion cues, did not reduce interference. In contrast, the orientation of a visual object attached to the hand cursor significantly reduced interference, albeit by a small amount. When the fields were associated with movement in different locations in the workspace, a substantial reduction in interference was observed. We tested whether this reduction in interference was due to the different locations of the visual feedback (targets and cursor) or the movements (proprioceptive). When the fields were associated only with changes in visual display location (movements always made centrally) or only with changes in the movement location (visual feedback always displayed centrally), a substantial reduction in interference was observed. These results show that although some visual cues can lead to the formation and recall of distinct representations in motor memory, changes in spatial visual and proprioceptive states of the movement are far more effective than changes in simple visual contextual cues.

scholarly journals Behavioral and neuronal underpinnings of safety in numbers in fruit flies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara H Ferreira ◽  
Marta A Moita
Keyword(s):  
Defensive Behavior ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Social Cues ◽  
Freezing Behavior ◽  
Motion Cues ◽  
Safety In Numbers ◽  
Visual Motion Cues

AbstractLiving in a group allows individuals to decrease their defenses enabling other beneficial behaviors such as foraging. The detection of a threat through social cues is widely reported, however the safety cues that guide animals to break away from a defensive behavior and resume alternate activities remain elusive. Here we show that fruit flies displayed a graded decrease in freezing behavior, triggered by an inescapable threat, with increasing group sizes. Furthermore, flies used the cessation of movement of other flies as a cue of threat and its resumption as a cue of safety. Finally, we found that lobula columnar neurons, LC11, mediate the propensity for freezing flies to resume moving in response to the movement of others. By identifying visual motion cues, and the neurons involved in their processing, as the basis of a social safety cue this study brings new insights into the neuronal basis of safety in numbers.

Positioning and scene analysis from visual motion cues within water column

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Negahdaripour ◽  
M.D. Aykin ◽  
M. Babaee ◽  
S. Sinnarajah ◽  
A. Perez
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Scene Analysis ◽  
Motion Cues ◽  
Visual Motion Cues

scholarly journals Visual motion cues affect tactile motion perception

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 708-708
Author(s):  
J. Harris ◽  
E. Arabzadeh ◽  
C. Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Motion Perception ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Motion Cues ◽  
Visual Motion Cues

Paths of Apparent Human Motion Follow Motor Constraints

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maggie Shiffrar ◽  
Christina Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Apparent Motion ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
Motion Cues ◽  
Illusory Perception ◽  
Static Images ◽  
Visual Motion Cues

The phenomenon of apparent motion, or the illusory perception of movement from rapidly displayed static images, provides an excellent platform for the study of how perceptual systems analyze input over time and space. Studies of the human body in apparent motion further suggest that the visual system is also influenced by an observer’s motor experience with his or her own body. As a result, the human visual system sometimes processes human movement differently from object movement. For example, under apparent motion conditions in which inanimate objects appear to traverse the shortest possible paths of motion, human motion instead appears to follow longer, biomechanically plausible paths of motion. Psychophysical and brain imaging studies converge in supporting the hypothesis that the visual analysis of human movement differs from the visual analysis of nonhuman movements whenever visual motion cues are consistent with an observer’s motor repertoire of possible human actions.

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