scholarly journals Protein and carbohydrate intake influence sperm number and fertility in male cockroaches, but not sperm viability

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1802) ◽  
pp. 20142144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriet Bunning ◽  
James Rapkin ◽  
Laurence Belcher ◽  
C. Ruth Archer ◽  
Kim Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Sperm Viability ◽  
Sperm Number ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
High Intake ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Numerous Species ◽  
Dietary Choice

It is commonly assumed that because males produce many, tiny sperm, they are cheap to produce. Recent work, however, suggests that sperm production is not cost-free. If sperm are costly to produce, sperm number and/or viability should be influenced by diet, and this has been documented in numerous species. Yet few studies have examined the exact nutrients responsible for mediating these effects. Here, we quantify the effects of protein (P) and carbohydrate (C) intake on sperm number and viability in the cockroach Nauphoeta cinerea , as well as the consequences for male fertility. We found the intake of P and C influenced sperm number, being maximized at a high intake of diets with a P : C ratio of 1 : 2, but not sperm viability. The nutritional landscapes for male fertility and sperm number were closely aligned, suggesting that sperm number is the major determinant of male fertility in N. cinerea . Under dietary choice, males regulate nutrient intake at a P : C ratio of 1 : 4.95, which is midway between the ratios needed to maximize sperm production and pre-copulatory attractiveness in this species. This raises the possibility that males regulate nutrient intake to balance the trade-off between pre- and post-copulatory traits in this species.

scholarly journals Influence of Sperm Number Per Straw on the Post-Thaw Sperm Viability and Fertility of Swedish Red and White A.I. Bulls

1996 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-470
Author(s):  
A. Januskauskas ◽  
L. Söderquist ◽  
M. G. Håård ◽  
M. Ch ◽  
N. Lundeheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Viability ◽  
Sperm Number

Genetic Interaction of Hils1 with Tnp1 Is Essential for Normal Sperm Production and Male Fertility.

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (Suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 462-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuxia Wu ◽  
Huili Zheng ◽  
Larisa Wiggins ◽  
Christopher von Bartheld ◽  
Ming Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Fertility ◽  
Genetic Interaction ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
Normal Sperm

Rapid recovery of spermatogenesis after mitoxantrone, vincristine, vinblastine, and prednisone chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease.

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3488-3495 ◽  
Author(s):  
M L Meistrich ◽  
G Wilson ◽  
K Mathur ◽  
L M Fuller ◽  
M A Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hodgkin's Disease ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Hodgkin’S Disease ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
Human Male ◽  
Sperm Counts ◽  
Abdominal Radiotherapy ◽  
Upper Abdominal

PURPOSE Because the effects of mitoxantrone on human male fertility were unknown, we determined prospectively the effects of three courses of mitoxantrone (Novantrone), vincristine (Oncovin), vinblastine, prednisone (NOVP) chemotherapy on the potential for fertility of men with Hodgkin's disease (HD). PATIENTS AND METHODS Semen analyses were performed on 58 patients with stages I-III HD before, during, and after chemotherapy and after the sperm count recovered from the effects of abdominal radiotherapy that was given after chemotherapy. RESULTS Before the initiation of treatment, 84% of the patients were normospermic. Sperm counts declined significantly within 1 month after the start of NOVP chemotherapy. In the month after chemotherapy, 38% of patients were azoospermic, 52% had counts < 1 million/ mL, and 10% had counts between 1 and 3 million/mL. Between 2.6 and 4.5 months after the completion of chemotherapy, sperm counts recovered rapidly to normospermic levels in 63% of patients. In the remaining patients who were followed up for at least 1 year after standard upper abdominal radiotherapy, counts also recovered to normospermic levels. CONCLUSION NOVP chemotherapy, like most other regimens, produced marked temporary effects or spermatogenesis. However, sperm production recovered very rapidly, within 3 to 4 months after the end of NOVP chemotherapy. This pattern was caused by killing differentiating spermatogenic cells, but there was little cytotoxicity or inhibition of stem cells from mitoxantrone or the other drugs. After the combination of NOVP plus abdominal radiotherapy, sperm counts and motility were restored in most patients to pretreatment levels, which were compatible with normal fertility.

scholarly journals Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) drone sperm quality in relation to age, genetic line, and time of breeding

2015 ◽  
Vol 147 (6) ◽  
pp. 702-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrée Rousseau ◽  
Valérie Fournier ◽  
Pierre Giovenazzo
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Sperm Viability ◽  
Sperm Number ◽  
Genetic Line ◽  
Semen Volume ◽  
Time Of Breeding ◽  
Honey Bee Queen

AbstractA honey bee (Apis mellifera Linnaeus; Hymenoptera: Apidae) queen’s life expectancy is strongly dependent on the number of sperm she obtains by mating with drones during nuptial flights. Unexplained replacement of queens by the colony and young queens showing sperm depletions have been reported in North America, and reduced drone fertility has been a suspected cause. The aim of this study was to evaluate drone reproductive qualities during the queen-rearing season, from May to August. Drones from two different genetic lines were reared six times during the 2012 beekeeping season at our research centre in Québec (Canada). Semen volume as well as sperm number and viability were assessed at the ages of 14, 21, and 35 days. Results showed (1) a greater proportion of older drones with semen at the tip of the genitalia after eversion; (2) an influence of rearing date on semen production; and (3) no influence of drone genetic line, age or time of breeding on sperm viability. These results highlight the necessity of better understanding drone rearing and how it can be improved to ensure optimum honey-bee queen mating.

scholarly journals Dietary choice for a balanced nutrient intake increases the mean and reduces the variance in the reproductive performance of male and female cockroaches

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (14) ◽  
pp. 4711-4730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriet Bunning ◽  
Lee Bassett ◽  
Christina Clowser ◽  
James Rapkin ◽  
Kim Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Dietary Choice ◽  
The Mean

Variation in wool growth and of mitotic activity in follicle bulbs induced by nutritional changes

1962 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Schinckel
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
High Intake ◽  
Cell Production ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Fibre Output ◽  
Nutritional Changes

Wool growth on tattoo patches and mitotic activity in follicle bulbs were studied in a sheep on low and high levels of nutrient intake. The rate of wool growth on the high intake was 156% greater than that on the low intake while the rate of cell production from the follicle bulbs was 56% greater. The remainder of the increase in rate of fibre output was attributed to an increase of about 64 % in the volume of the individual cells of the fibres.

Is sperm viability independent of ejaculate size in the house cricket (Acheta domesticus)?

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (12) ◽  
pp. 1231-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian E. Gress ◽  
Clint D. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Sperm Viability ◽  
Sperm Number ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Viability Assay ◽  
Ejaculate Size ◽  
Sperm Counts ◽  
Spurious Results ◽  
Related Mortality

Assessing sperm viability is a popular means of testing hypotheses related to ejaculate quality. This technique has produced interesting results; however, the sperm viability assay itself may kill sperm. This is a serious pitfall, as assay-related mortality could confound results and produce artificially low estimates of viability. To avoid spurious results, it has been recommended that investigators include sperm number in their viability analyses. Unfortunately, studies conducted to date on internal fertilizers have not included sperm counts in their analyses, so it is not possible to assess whether this factor can indeed produce artefactual results. In this paper, we use male house crickets ( Acheta domesticus (L., 1758)) to show that sperm viability is dependent on sperm number and exclusion of this factor from statistical analyses affects our interpretation of experimental treatment results. We show that mechanically rupturing a spermatophore significantly reduces sperm viability, but this does not appear to drive the nonindependent relationship between viability and number. Instead, our study shows that nonindependence is due to processes other than differential physical damage to the sperm during collection. We also show that allowing a spermatophore to evacuate its sperm without rupturing for 10 min maximizes both sperm number and viability.

scholarly journals Complexity/informativeness trade-off in the domain of indefinite pronouns

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Milica Denić ◽  
Shane Steinert-Threlkeld ◽  
Jakub Szymanik
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Function Word ◽  
Function Words ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Efficient Communication ◽  
Universal Properties ◽  
Linguistic Analyses ◽  
Indefinite Pronoun ◽  
And Function ◽  
Indefinite Pronouns

The vocabulary of human languages has been argued to support efficient communication by optimizing the trade-off between complexity and informativeness (Kemp & Regier 2012). The argument has been based on cross-linguistic analyses of vocabulary in semantic domains of content words such as kinship, color, and number terms. The present work extends this analysis to a category of function words: indefinite pronouns (e.g. someone, anyone, no-one, cf. Haspelmath 2001). We build on previous work to establish the meaning space and featural make-up for indefinite pronouns, and show that indefinite pronoun systems across languages optimize the complexity/informativeness trade-off. This demonstrates that pressures for efficient communication shape both content and function word categories, thus tying in with the conclusions of recent work on quantifiers by Steinert-Threlkeld (2019). Furthermore, we argue that the trade-off may explain some of the universal properties of indefinite pronouns, thus reducing the explanatory load for linguistic theories.

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