The role of the atmosphere and the hydrosphere in crustal evolution

1981 ◽  
Vol 301 (1461) ◽  
pp. 375-380 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Crustal Evolution ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Ocean Crust ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The physical and chemical properties of the Earth’s crust have been shaped by the interaction of endogenic and exogenic processes during the course of history. The nature of this interaction between 4.6 and 3.8 Ga B.P. is still uncertain. Since then the nature of erosional processes, of transport, deposition, and the cycling of sea water through the ocean crust, has remained reasonably constant. However, variations in the nature and in the intensity of these processes due to changes in the endogenic cycle, due to biological evolution and probably due to variations in the input of solar energy have left easily discernible marks in the nature of the crust.

Role of lattice defects in catalytic activities of graphene clusters for fuel cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (26) ◽  
pp. 16733-16743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lipeng Zhang ◽  
Quan Xu ◽  
Jianbing Niu ◽  
Zhenhai Xia
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Electronic Structures ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Lattice Defects ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Catalytic Activities ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Defects are common but important in graphene, which could significantly tailor the electronic structures and physical and chemical properties.

Report on Thermoplastic Coal Tar Base Linings—A Report of NACE Unit Committee T-6A on Organic Coatings And Linings for Resistance to Chemical Corrosion, Prepared by Task Group T-6A-16 on Coal Tar Coatings*

CORROSION ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 35-37 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
Organic Coatings ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Corrosion ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract The relative resistances to various chemical environments are given for thermoplastic coal tar base linings. Media to which these linings are exposed include 11 acids, 5 alkalies, 2 oxidizing agents, 3 fats and oils, 5 gases, 7 solvents, 12 salts, as well as to sodium hypochlorite and to tap, distilled and sea water. Physical and chemical properties are listed for both hot and cold applied coatings. The application of coal tar base linings is considered in detail with special attention paid to such matters as coverage, surface preparation, priming, and application methods. 5.4.3

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF EARTHWORMS IN PASTURE PRODUCTION AND MOISTURE CONSERVATION

1966 ◽  
pp. 168-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M.J. Stockdill ◽  
G.G. Cossens
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Soil Infiltration Rate ◽  
And Chemical Properties

RESEARCH has shown that pasture production on soils without earthworms is limited to considerably less than the true potential. Increased production with beneficial earthworms is associated with pronounced changes in the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Infiltration rate is increased, moisture is conserved and the risk of soil erosion is reduced

scholarly journals Cyclodextrins: Structural, Chemical, and Physical Properties, and Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Benjamin Gabriel Poulson ◽  
Qana A. Alsulami ◽  
Abeer Sharfalddin ◽  
Emam. F. El Agammy ◽  
Fouzi Mouffouk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
To Come ◽  
Novel Applications ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Due to their unique structural, physical and chemical properties, cyclodextrins and their derivatives have been of great interest to scientists and researchers in both academia and industry for over a century. Many of the industrial applications of cyclodextrins have arisen from their ability to encapsulate, either partially or fully, other molecules, especially organic compounds. Cyclodextrins are non-toxic oligopolymers of glucose that help to increase the solubility of organic compounds with poor aqueous solubility, can mask odors from foul-smelling compounds, and have been widely studied in the area of drug delivery. In this review, we explore the structural and chemical properties of cyclodextrins that give rise to this encapsulation (i.e., the formation of inclusion complexes) ability. This review is unique from others written on this subject because it provides powerful insights into factors that affect cyclodextrin encapsulation. It also examines these insights in great detail. Later, we provide an overview of some industrial applications of cyclodextrins, while emphasizing the role of encapsulation in these applications. We strongly believe that cyclodextrins will continue to garner interest from scientists for many years to come, and that novel applications of cyclodextrins have yet to be discovered.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document