Phase transitions in the early Universe and their consequences

1983 ◽  
Vol 310 (1512) ◽  
pp. 293-302 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Inflationary Universe

The reasons for believing that a number of phase transitions occurred in the early Universe are reviewed, and their implications discussed. In particular, the current status of the explanation for the observed values of some constants in terms of the ‘inflationary universe’ is examined.

scholarly journals Dark matter reflection of particle symmetry

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (15) ◽  
pp. 1740001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim Yu. Khlopov
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Topological Defects ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Nonlinear Structures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
New Particles

In the context of the relationship between physics of cosmological dark matter and symmetry of elementary particles, a wide list of dark matter candidates is possible. New symmetries provide stability of different new particles and their combination can lead to a multicomponent dark matter. The pattern of symmetry breaking involves phase transitions in the very early Universe, extending the list of candidates by topological defects and even primordial nonlinear structures.

scholarly journals The most distant quasars and their environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (S352) ◽  
pp. 125-125
Author(s):  
Eduardo Bañados
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractThe number of quasars known within the first billion years of the universe (z > 6) has increased significantly over the last five years. Many of these recently discovered quasars are ideal targets for observatories in the southern hemisphere such as ALMA. I will review the current status of the highest-redshift quasars and their environments, highlighting main achievements and limitations. I will then discuss how synergistic JWST/ALMA observations will shed light onto the properties and formation of some of the most extreme environments in the early universe.

scholarly journals Inflationary universe models and clustering of quasar red shifts

1986 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 509-510
Author(s):  
C. Sivaram
Keyword(s):  
Cosmological Model ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Hubble Constant ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Inflationary Universe ◽  
Expansion Phase ◽  
Exponential Expansion ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Inflationary Models ◽  
Universe Models

Recently it has been shown that many of the puzzling features of conventional cosmological models (such as the horizon and flatness problems) could be explained by invoking inflationary models of the early universe with an exponential expansion phase at very early epochs. These models have the added advantage that they are able to make a definite prediction about the present matter density in the universe, i.e. they require that the density be exactly equal to the closure density which in turn can be easily estimated from the Hubble constant now known to within a factor of two. Now if one goes back to an earlier idea that explored the possibility of unusual clustering of quasar redshifts around z = 2 or 3, we get an example of another cosmological model with a definite prediction for the present overall matter density. This is a modified version of the Eddington-Lemaitre type of model which naturally accommodates such features as a clustering of quasars at certain epochs. From these models one can get a prediction for the present matter density which would be an involved function of the Hubble constant and the redshifts at which such clustering occurs. It can be shown that if such clustering had occurred at any z, the present matter density predicted would be substantially smaller than the corresponding closure density. The conclusion is that any clustering of quasar redshifts is incompatiable with inflationary universe models, indirectly providing observational support for these new theories.

Grand Unified Phase Transitions and the Early Universe

1984 ◽  
pp. 231-248
Author(s):  
V. A. Kuzmin ◽  
M. E. Shaposhnikov ◽  
I. I. Tkachev
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Early Universe

scholarly journals Braneworld Graviton Interactions in Early Universe Phase Transitions

2007 ◽  
pp. 537-541
Author(s):  
R.U.H. Ansari ◽  
C. Delaunay ◽  
R. Gwyn ◽  
A. Knauf ◽  
A. Sellerholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Early Universe

scholarly journals The Angular Distribution of the Cosmic Background Radiation

1986 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 307-319
Author(s):  
R. B. Partridge
Keyword(s):  
Angular Distribution ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Cosmic Background Radiation ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Microwave Background ◽  
Cosmic Background ◽  
Dipole Component ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Microwave Background Radiation

AbstractCrucial cosmological information is provided by the observed angular distribution (isotropy) of the cosmic microwave background radiation. This report treats the current status of searches for anisotroples in this radiation on all angular scales from 180° (the dipole component) to 6″. With the exception of the dipole component, only upper limits (at ~ 10-4 in ΔT/T) are available, yet these upper limits have played an important role in refining models of the early Universe and of the origin of structure within it.

scholarly journals Phase Transitions and Topological Defects in the Early Universe

1997 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 697 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. B. Kibble
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Defect Density ◽  
Cosmic Strings ◽  
Condensed Matter ◽  
Topological Defects ◽  
Helium 3 ◽  
The Universe

Our present theories of particle physics and cosmology, taken together, suggest that very early in its history, the universe underwent a series of phase transitions, at which topological defects, similar to those formed in some condensed matter transitions, may have been created. Such defects, in particular cosmic strings, may survive long enough to have important observable effects in the universe today. Predicting these effects requires us to estimate the initial defect density and the way that defects subsequently evolve. Very similar problems arise in condensed matter systems, and recently it has been possible to test some of our ideas about the formation of defects using experiments with liquid helium-3 (in collaboration with the Low Temperature Laboratory in Helsinki). I shall review the present status of this theory.

scholarly journals Magnetic fields in the early Universe

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (S259) ◽  
pp. 529-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Battaner ◽  
Estrella Florido
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Galaxy Formation ◽  
Faraday Rotation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Large Scale Structure ◽  
Anisotropy Spectra ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Negligible Influence

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that intense magnetic fields exist at large redshifts. They could arise after galaxy formation or in very early processes, such as inflation or cosmological phase transitions, or both. Early co-moving magnetic strengths in the range 1-10 nG could be present at recombination. The possibilities to detect them in future CMB experiments are discussed, mainly considering their impact in the anisotropy spectra as a result of Faraday rotation and Alfven waves. Magnetic fields this magnitude could also have a non-negligible influence in determining the filamentary large scale structure of the Universe.

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