Mechanical characterization of functionally graded soft materials with ultrasound elastography

Functionally graded soft materials (FGSMs) with microstructures and mechanical properties exhibiting gradients across a spatial volume to satisfy specific functions have received interests in recent years. How to characterize the mechanical properties of these FGSMs in vivo/in situ and/or in a non-destructive manner is a great challenge. This paper investigates the use of ultrasound elastography in the mechanical characterization of FGSMs. An efficient finite-element model was built to calculate the dispersion relation for surface waves in FGSMs. For FGSMs with large elastic gradients, the measured dispersion relation can be used to identify mechanical parameters. In the case where the elastic gradient is smaller than a certain critical value calculated here, our analysis on transient wave motion in FGSMs shows that the group velocities measured at different depths can infer the local mechanical properties. Experiments have been performed on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) cryogel to demonstrate the usefulness of the method. Our analysis and the results may not only find broad applications in mechanical characterization of FGSMs but also facilitate the use of shear wave elastography in clinics because many diseases change the local elastic properties of soft tissues and lead to different material gradients. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Rivlin's legacy in continuum mechanics and applied mathematics’.

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Image-based analysis of uniaxial ring test for mechanical characterization of soft materials and biological tissues

Soft Matter ◽

10.1039/c8sm02343c ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (16) ◽

pp. 3353-3361 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eline E. van Haaften ◽

Mark C. van Turnhout ◽

Nicholas A. Kurniawan

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Mechanical Characterization ◽

Soft Materials ◽

Biological Tissues ◽

Ring Test ◽

Analysis Approach

We propose a simple image-based analysis approach to accurately estimate the mechanical properties of ring-shaped materials.

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Mechanics of ultrasound elastography

Proceedings of The Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspa.2016.0841 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 473 (2199) ◽

pp. 20160841 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Guo-Yang Li ◽

Yanping Cao

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissues ◽

Soft Materials ◽

Ultrasound Elastography ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Linear Elastic ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Anisotropic Elastic ◽

Non Destructive

Ultrasound elastography enables in vivo measurement of the mechanical properties of living soft tissues in a non-destructive and non-invasive manner and has attracted considerable interest for clinical use in recent years. Continuum mechanics plays an essential role in understanding and improving ultrasound-based elastography methods and is the main focus of this review. In particular, the mechanics theories involved in both static and dynamic elastography methods are surveyed. They may help understand the challenges in and opportunities for the practical applications of various ultrasound elastography methods to characterize the linear elastic, viscoelastic, anisotropic elastic and hyperelastic properties of both bulk and thin-walled soft materials, especially the in vivo characterization of biological soft tissues.

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Mechanical Characterization of Human Dentin: A Critical Review

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.541.75 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 541 ◽

pp. 75-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ilaria Cappelloni ◽

Roberto Montanari

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Fracture Toughness ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Mechanical Characterization ◽

Local Scale ◽

Functionally Graded ◽

Creep Stress ◽

Human Dentin ◽

Graded Material

In the last years, several experimental techniques have been improved to measure mechanical properties of human dentin. Dentin exhibits a behavior like a functionally graded material with properties dependent on tubule density and orientation. This work describes and critically analyzes the elastic, anelastic and plastic characteristics of dentin on the basis of scientific literature, in particular data of Youngs modulus, shear modulus, Poissons ratio, yield and ultimate stress, hardness, fatigue, fracture toughness, creep, stress relaxation and damping have been considered. Finally, a new indentation technique (FIMEC test) is proposed to characterize the mechanical properties of dentin on a local scale.

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Design and validation of a modular micro-robotic system for the mechanical characterization of soft tissues

Acta Biomaterialia ◽

10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.035 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Andrea Acuna ◽

Julian M. Jimenez ◽

Naomi Deneke ◽

Sean M. Rothenberger ◽

Sarah Libring ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissues ◽

Mechanical Characterization ◽

Robotic System

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Analyzing the Mechanical Properties and Characterization of Aluminium (ADC-14) Based Functionally Graded Materials (FGM)

Silicon ◽

10.1007/s12633-021-01050-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

R. Ambigai ◽

S. Prabhu

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Functionally Graded Materials ◽

Functionally Graded ◽

Graded Materials ◽

Properties And Characterization

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Mechanical Characterization of UV Photopolymerized PMMA with Different Photo-Initiator Concentration

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.903.11 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 903 ◽

pp. 11-16

Author(s):

M.A. Manjunath ◽

K. Naveen ◽

Prakash Vinod ◽

N. Balashanmugam ◽

M.R. Shankar

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Light Source ◽

Polymethyl Methacrylate ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Mechanical Characterization ◽

Uv Light ◽

Curing Time ◽

Uv Led ◽

Pmma Resin

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is one among few known photo-polymeric resin useful in lithography for fabricating structures having better mechanical properties to meet the requirement in electronics and biomedical applications. This study explores the effect of Photo Initiator (PI) concentration and also curing time on strength and hardness of Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) obtained by UV photopolymerization of Methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer. The UV LED light source operating at the wavelength of 364 nm is used with Benzoin Ethyl Ether (BEE) as photo initiator. The curing of PMMA resin is supported with peltier cooling device placed at the bottom of the UV light source. The characterisation study of UV photo cured PMMA is analysed through nano indenter (Agilent Technologies-G200). The current work investigates the influence of PI concentration and curing time in achieving maximum mechanical properties for UV photopolymerized PMMA.

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Incremental Melting and Solidification Process/Mechanical Characterization of Functionally Graded Al-Si Alloys

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.587-588.400 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 587-588 ◽

pp. 400-404

Author(s):

P. Pinto ◽

L. Mazare ◽

Delfim Soares ◽

F.S. Silva

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Functionally Graded Materials ◽

Phase Distribution ◽

Solidification Process ◽

Functionally Graded ◽

Graded Materials ◽

Graded Material ◽

Gradual Variation ◽

Melting And Solidification

The Incremental Melting and Solidification Process (IMSP) is a relatively new field for material processing for the production of functionally graded materials. In this process a controlled liquid bath is maintained at the top of the component where new materials are added changing the components composition. Thus, a functionally graded material is obtained with a varying composition along one direction of the component. This paper deals with the influence of one of the process parameters, namely displacement rates between heating coil and mould, in order to evaluate its influence on both metallurgical and mechanical properties of different Al-Si alloys. Hardness and phase distribution, along the main castings axis, were measured. To better assess and characterize the process, two different Al-Si alloys with and without variation of chemical composition along the specimen were analysed. Results demonstrate that a gradual variation of metallurgical and mechanical properties along the component is obtained. It is also shown that Al-Si functionally graded materials can be produced by the incremental melting and solidification process. Results show that the displacement rate is very important on metallurgical and mechanical properties of the obtained alloy.

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Characterization of mechanical properties and three-body abrasive wear of functionally graded aluminum LM25/titanium carbide metal matrix composite

Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik ◽

10.1002/mawe.201700559 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (9) ◽

pp. 882-892 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

N. Radhika ◽

R. Raghu

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Titanium Carbide ◽

Abrasive Wear ◽

Metal Matrix Composite ◽

Matrix Composite ◽

Metal Matrix ◽

Functionally Graded ◽

Three Body

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Thermo-mechanical characterization of laser textured LaMgAl11O19/YSZ functionally graded thermal barrier coating

Surface and Coatings Technology ◽

10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.04.070 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 321 ◽

pp. 146-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Muhammed Anaz Khan ◽

Muthukannan Duraiselvam ◽

S.S. Panwar ◽

Trilochan Jena ◽

S.R. Dhineshkumar

Keyword(s):

Thermal Barrier Coating ◽

Mechanical Characterization ◽

Functionally Graded ◽

Thermal Barrier ◽

Barrier Coating

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Characterization of Medium Density Particleborads Using Agricultural Residues

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1088.656 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1088 ◽

pp. 656-659

Author(s):

Ivaldo D. Valarelli ◽

Rosane A.G. Battistelle ◽

Barbara Stolte Bezerra ◽

Luiz A. Melgaço N. Branco ◽

Eduardo Chahud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Castor Oil ◽

Mechanical Characteristics ◽

Mechanical Characterization ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Agricultural Residues ◽

Medium Density ◽

Polyurethane Resin

In recent years the production of products derived from wood and bamboo are increasing, due to the search for a more rational exploitation of these raw materials. Amongst these products, the particleboards production combine sustainability and rationality in the use of these materials. In this context, this work has the objective to study the application of alternative raw materials in the manufacture of Medium Density Particleboards (MDP), using residues from industrial processimg of coffee and bamboo. MDP had been produced with particles of giganteus bamboo of the Dendrocalamus species and particle of coffee rind in the intermediate layer of the particleboard, bonded with polyurethane resin based on castor oil. The physical and mechanical characterization was carried out accordingly to NBR 14810-3 (2006). The physical properties evaluated were: of water absorption for 2h and 24h; thickness swallowing for 2h and 24h; density, humidity content. The mechanical properties evaluated were: Tensile strength, static bending (MOR and MOE). The results were compared with NBR 14810-2 (2006) and also with the ANSI A208-1 (1993). The physical performance of these particleboards was below the values recommend by the Brazilian norm. Also the mechanical characteristics are not improve, demonstrating that the inclusion of coffee rind did not benefit the physical characteristics and nor the mechanical ones. However it can be used as construction materials for partitions and ceiling panels.

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