scholarly journals Memory CD8 + T cells in HIV infection

2000 ◽  
Vol 355 (1395) ◽  
pp. 363-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. McMichael ◽  
Graham Ogg ◽  
Jamie Wilson ◽  
Margaret Callan ◽  
Sophie Hambleton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
T Helper Cells ◽  
Hla Class I ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Memory Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Turn Over

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play a central role in the control of persistent HIV infection in humans. The kinetics and general features of the CTL response are similar to those found during other persisting virus infections in humans. During chronic infection there are commonly between 0.1 and 1.0% of all CD8 + T cells in the blood that are specific for immunodominant virus epitopes, as measured by HLA class I peptide tetramers. These figures are greatly in excess of the numbers found by limiting dilution assays; the discrepancy may arise because in the latter assay, CTLs have to divide many times to be detected and many of the HIV–specific CD8 + T cells circulating in infected persons may be incapable of further division. Many tetramer–positive T cells make interferon–γ, β–chemokines and perforin, so are probably functional. It is not known how fast these T cells turn over, but in the absence of antigen they decay in number. Impairment of CTL replacement, because CD4 + T helper cells are depleted by HIV infection, may play a major role in the development of AIDS.

scholarly journals The route of priming influences the ability of respiratory virus–specific memory CD8+ T cells to be activated by residual antigen

2010 ◽  
Vol 207 (6) ◽  
pp. 1153-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiki Takamura ◽  
Alan D. Roberts ◽  
Dawn M. Jelley-Gibbs ◽  
Susan T. Wittmer ◽  
Jacob E. Kohlmeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Memory Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Virus Clearance ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections ◽  
Lung Airways

After respiratory virus infections, memory CD8+ T cells are maintained in the lung airways by a process of continual recruitment. Previous studies have suggested that this process is controlled, at least in the initial weeks after virus clearance, by residual antigen in the lung-draining mediastinal lymph nodes (MLNs). We used mouse models of influenza and parainfluenza virus infection to show that intranasally (i.n.) primed memory CD8+ T cells possess a unique ability to be reactivated by residual antigen in the MLN compared with intraperitoneally (i.p.) primed CD8+ T cells, resulting in the preferential recruitment of i.n.-primed memory CD8+ T cells to the lung airways. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the inability of i.p.-primed memory CD8+ T cells to access residual antigen can be corrected by a subsequent i.n. virus infection. Thus, two independent factors, initial CD8+ T cell priming in the MLN and prolonged presentation of residual antigen in the MLN, are required to maintain large numbers of antigen-specific memory CD8+ T cells in the lung airways.

Memory CD8+ T cells vary in differentiation phenotype in different persistent virus infections

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Appay ◽  
P. Rod Dunbar ◽  
Margaret Callan ◽  
Paul Klenerman ◽  
Geraldine M.A. Gillespie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Memory Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Persistent Virus

scholarly journals Qualitatively Different Memory CD8+T Cells Are Generated after Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus and Influenza Virus Infections

2010 ◽  
Vol 185 (4) ◽  
pp. 2182-2190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott N. Mueller ◽  
William A. Langley ◽  
Guimei Li ◽  
Adolfo García-Sastre ◽  
Richard J. Webby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis ◽  
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Memory Cd8 T Cells

scholarly journals Interferon gamma licensing of human dendritic cells in T-helper–independent CD8+ alloimmunity

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (16) ◽  
pp. 3089-3098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxane Lemoine ◽  
Florence Velge-Roussel ◽  
Florence Herr ◽  
Romain Felix ◽  
Hubert Nivet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
T Helper Cells ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor Α ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Abstract The high frequency of allogeneic reactive CD8+ T cells in human and their resistance to immunosuppression might be one of the reasons why successful tolerance-inducing strategies in rodents have failed in primates. Studies on the requirement for T-helper cells in priming CD8+ T-cell responses have led to disparate findings. Recent studies have reported CD8+-mediated allograft rejection independently of T-helper cells; however, the mechanisms that govern the activation of these T cells are far from being elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide-treated dendritic cells (DCs) were able to induce proliferation and cytotoxic activity of allogeneic CD8+ T cells independently of CD4+ T cells, while adding mycophenolic acid (MPA) to LPS abolished this capacity and resulted in anergic CD8+ T cells that secreted high levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-β. Interestingly, we demonstrated that MPA inhibited the LPS-induced synthesis of tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-12, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in DCs. Importantly, we found that adding exogenous IFN-γ to MPA restored both the synthesis of cytokines and the ability to activate CD8+ T cells. However, adding IL-12 or tumor necrosis factor-α had no effect. These results suggest that IFN-γ has an important role in licensing DCs to prime CD4-independent CD8 allogeneic T cells via an autocrine loop.

scholarly journals Nonspecific Recruitment of Memory CD8+T Cells to the Lung Airways During Respiratory Virus Infections

2003 ◽  
Vol 170 (3) ◽  
pp. 1423-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth H. Ely ◽  
Linda S. Cauley ◽  
Alan D. Roberts ◽  
Jean W. Brennan ◽  
Tres Cookenham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Memory Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections ◽  
Lung Airways

IL-15 enhances survival and function of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells

Blood ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 1024-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne M. Mueller ◽  
Paul M. Bojczuk ◽  
E. Scott Halstead ◽  
Alfred H. J. Kim ◽  
James Witek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Effector Function ◽  
Effector Memory ◽  
Antiviral Function ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
And Function

AbstractHIV-specific CD8+ T cells are prone to undergo apoptosis, and this may affect their ability to control HIV infection. Because CD8-mediated immune responses play a key role in controlling HIV infection, enhancing the survival and effector function of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells may augment their ability to control HIV virus. We show here that interleukin 15 (IL-15) potently inhibits spontaneous and CD95/Fas-induced apoptosis of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells. IL-15 inhibits apoptosis in both CD45RA−CD62L− and CD45RA+CD62L− effector memory subpopulations of these cells. Furthermore, IL-15 greatly enhances the survival of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells in long-term cultures. Finally, IL-15 directly enhances activation, interferon γ (IFNγ) production, and direct ex vivo cytotoxicity of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells. Thus, IL-15 potently enhances the survival and effector function of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells and, therefore, may prove useful in augmenting the antiviral function of these cells.

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