scholarly journals Integrating spatial and temporal approaches to understanding species richness

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1558) ◽  
pp. 3633-3643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan P. White ◽  
S. K. Morgan Ernest ◽  
Peter B. Adler ◽  
Allen H. Hurlbert ◽  
S. Kathleen Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Spatial Gradients ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Richness Patterns

Understanding species richness patterns represents one of the most fundamental problems in ecology. Most research in this area has focused on spatial gradients of species richness, with a smaller area of emphasis dedicated to understanding the temporal dynamics of richness. However, few attempts have been made to understand the linkages between the spatial and temporal patterns related to richness. Here, we argue that spatial and temporal richness patterns and the processes that drive them are inherently linked, and that our understanding of richness will be substantially improved by considering them simultaneously. The species–time–area relationship provides a case in point: successful description of the empirical spatio-temporal pattern led to a rapid development and testing of new theories. Other areas of research on species richness could also benefit from an explicitly spatio-temporal approach, and we suggest future directions for understanding the processes common to these two traditionally isolated fields of research.

THE NEW RADIOCARBON DATASET FOR TRILITH MONUMENTS OF SOUTHEASTERN ARABIA

Radiocarbon ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
R Garba ◽  
P Demján ◽  
I Svetlik ◽  
D Dreslerová
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Coastal Plains ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Stone Monuments ◽  
South Central ◽  
Geographical Expansion ◽  
Spatio Temporal

ABSTRACT Triliths are megalithic monuments scattered across the coastal plains of southern and southeastern Arabia. They consist of aligned standing stones with a parallel row of large hearths and form a space, the meaning of which is undoubtedly significant but nonetheless still unknown. This paper presents a new radiocarbon (14C) dataset acquired during the two field seasons 2018–2019 of the TSMO (Trilith Stone Monuments of Oman) project which investigated the spatial and temporal patterns of the triliths. The excavation and sampling of trilith hearths across Oman yielded a dataset of 30 new 14C dates, extending the use of trilith monuments to as early as the Iron Age III period (600–300 BC). The earlier dates are linked to two-phase trilith sites in south-central Oman. The three 14C pairs collected from the two-phase trilith sites indicated gaps between the trilith construction phases from 35 to 475 years (2 σ). The preliminary spatio-temporal analysis shows the geographical expansion of populations using trilith monuments during the 5th to 1st century BC and a later pull back in the 1st and 2nd century AD. The new 14C dataset for trilith sites will help towards a better understanding of Iron Age communities in southeastern Arabia.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Patterns of the 2019-nCoV Epidemic at the County Level in Hubei Province, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wentao Yang ◽  
Min Deng ◽  
Chaokui Li ◽  
Jincai Huang
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
County Level ◽  
Spatial Clusters ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Understanding the spatio-temporal characteristics or patterns of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) epidemic is critical in effectively preventing and controlling this epidemic. However, no research analyzed the spatial dependency and temporal dynamics of 2019-nCoV. Consequently, this research aims to detect the spatio-temporal patterns of the 2019-nCoV epidemic using spatio-temporal analysis methods at the county level in Hubei province. The Mann–Kendall and Pettitt methods were used to identify the temporal trends and abrupt changes in the time series of daily new confirmed cases, respectively. The local Moran’s I index was applied to uncover the spatial patterns of the incidence rate, including spatial clusters and outliers. On the basis of the data from January 26 to February 11, 2020, we found that there were 11 areas with different types of temporal patterns of daily new confirmed cases. The pattern characterized by an increasing trend and abrupt change is mainly attributed to the improvement in the ability to diagnose the disease. Spatial clusters with high incidence rates during the period were concentrated in Wuhan Metropolitan Area due to the high intensity of spatial interaction of the population. Therefore, enhancing the ability to diagnose the disease and controlling the movement of the population can be confirmed as effective measures to prevent and control the regional outbreak of the epidemic.

Calibrating spatial and temporal species richness patterns in tropical American Marginellid gastropods

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 680-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross H. Nehm
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Tropical Eastern Pacific ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Temporal Intervals ◽  
Recent Species ◽  
Richness Patterns

Collectively, studies of the structure of Neogene diversity change in tropical American mollusks have lacked 1) species-level analyses within well-established clades; 2) consideration of abundance and sample size on diversity estimates and comparisons; and 3) geographic comparisons within temporal intervals. This study takes all three factors into consideration and compares Miocene to Recent species richness patterns in tropical American marginellid gastropod species within the clade Prunum+Volvarina. Rarefaction analyses of more than 16,000 specimens from more than 500 samples are used to standardize comparisons of species richness through time and space. Species richness in Prunum+Volvarina from the Miocene to the Recent of the Tropical Western Atlantic (TWA) is compared along a latitudinal gradient from north to south (Florida, the Dominican Republic, and Venezuela). Additionally, temporal patterns of diversity change are compared between the TWA and the Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP: Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Panama, and Costa Rica).As is the case with most Neogene lineages, the number of marginellid specimens and samples differ significantly through both time and space. Rarefaction analyses of both specimens and samples indicate that: 1) significant geographic differences in species richness were detected between the Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene, and Recent of the TWA; 2) temporal patterns of species richness were similar in the northern and southern TWA; 3) from the Miocene to the Recent, marginellid species richness in the TEP has always been significantly less than TWA diversity; and 4) from the Miocene to the Recent, TWA diversity decreased significantly, whereas TEP diversity was stable and low. Separate rarefaction analyses using the numbers of specimens and samples did not always produce concordant results and indicate that the unit of analysis influences estimates of species richness. Discordant specimen/sample rarefaction results may be a product of sample size. Intrinsic ecological and evolutionary differences do not appear to be primary contributors to differences in marginellid species richness between the TEP and TWA.

scholarly journals The insect antenna: segmentation, patterning and positional homology

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Minelli
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Imaginal Disc ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Antennal Flagellum ◽  
Apical Direction ◽  
Insect Antenna

The basic mechanism by which the antennal flagellum is subdivided into flagellomeres is probably the same in all insects, irrespective of whether the process occurs in the embryo, in the eye/antenna imaginal disc, or through a series of post-embryonic increments punctuated by moults. The ultimate origin of (all?) flagellomeres is the first antennomere following the pedicel, from which split off in apical direction new primary flagellomeres, each of which is eventually the source of secondary flagellomeres, according to specific spatial and temporal patterns subject to heterochrony. Only a detailed knowledge of the underlying segmentation processes could provide the ultimate background for determining positional homology between flagellomeres of two antennae with different number of antennomeres. The antennae of the Heteroptera are likely re-segmented, as their second antennomere seems to include a flagellar component. The larval antennae of the holometabolans are temporal serial homologues of those of the adult, but their segmental composition is problematic. Significant progress will be done by understanding what differentiates antennomeres that divide, either embryonically or post-embryonically, from those that do not; and by discovering whether the spatial and temporal pattern of division along the flagellum depends on local cues, or on signals travelling along the whole proximo-distal axis of the appendage.

Pulse Number Discrimination in Tactile Spatio-Temporal Patterns

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 815-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene C. Lechelt
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Pulse Number ◽  
Temporal Patterning ◽  
Numerosity Discrimination ◽  
Pattern Type ◽  
Number Discrimination ◽  
Spatial Ordering ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Spatio-temporal patterning effects on tactile temporal numerosity discrimination were examined. Trains of 4 to 17 mechanical “taps” were delivered successively at rates of 6, 9, or 12/sec. to the finger tips of each hand (thumbs excluded) according to 8 different spatial pattern types. 4 highly trained Ss were instructed to report only the number of signals counted in each train. Pattern type exerted a significant affect on signal number judgments at rates of 9/sec. and 12/sec. but not at 6/sec. The number of signals in a train was assessed most accurately when presented in patterns possessing a predictable spatial ordering. Results indicated that absolute judgments of the number of successive tactile signals delivered to several spatially discrete loci is dependent upon the total spatio-temporal pattern and that tactile temporal numerosity discrimination must be specified in terms of the successive and configurational aspects of a patterned array of inputs.

scholarly journals Large scale spatio-temporal patterns of road development in the Amazon rainforest

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
SADIA E. AHMED ◽  
ROBERT M. EWERS ◽  
MATTHEW J. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Road Development ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Dominant Direction ◽  
Dynamics Of Populations

SUMMARYThere is burgeoning interest in predicting road development because of the wide ranging important socioeconomic and environmental issues that roads present, including the close links between road development, deforestation and biodiversity loss. This is especially the case in developing nations, which are high in natural resources, where road development is rapid and often not centrally managed. Characterization of large scale spatio-temporal patterns in road network development has been greatly overlooked to date. This paper examines the spatio-temporal dynamics of road density across the Brazilian Amazon and assesses the relative contributions of local versus neighbourhood effects for temporal changes in road density at regional scales. To achieve this, a combination of statistical analyses and model-data fusion techniques inspired by studies of spatio-temporal dynamics of populations in ecology and epidemiology were used. The emergent development may be approximated by local growth that is logistic through time and directional dispersal. The current rates and dominant direction of development may be inferred, by assuming that roads develop at a rate of 55 km per year. Large areas of the Amazon will be subject to extensive anthropogenic change should the observed patterns of road development continue.

Spatial and temporal patterns of species richness in a riparian landscape

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 2025-2037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitta Malm Renofalt ◽  
Christer Nilsson ◽  
Roland Jansson
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Riparian Landscape

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Analysis to Dynamically Map and Audit Urban Growth in Peri-Urban Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 853-868
Author(s):  
Yasser ElSayed Fouda ◽  
Deena Mohamed ElKhazendar
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Measurement Framework ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Villages located today in the peri-urban area, are in continuous agglomeration. The lack of proper guidelines and monitoring systems to define, promote, regulate and manage the pattern of development in these areas, causes massive deteriorations to the environment and quality of life. In Egypt, very few states have a dedicated legal framework that addresses the need for planned development in the peri-urban areas. A Spatio-temporal model framework consisting of a set of geospatial indicators is required to regulate and direct the growth and development of these areas and prevent further spill across administrative boundaries. This article responds to the lack of a geo-spatial quantifiable criterion as a key to detect, analyze, and better govern spatial and temporal patterns of urban growth in peri-urban areas, where the results are to be represented dynamically in forms of spatial patterns evolving in time. The research aims to develop a process-wise, contextual mapping of peri-urban dynamics using GIS to detect and analyze spatial and temporal patterns of urban growth. It has been applied to one of the peri-urban areas in Egypt, in Meet Assas Village, chosen as a case study. Miscellaneous primary and secondary data sources together with the methods used for monitoring: UN Criteria (Goal 11) targets, thematic headlines, village’s problems and geo-spatial indicators were the main constitutions of the model frame work. The results show that the village is characterized by a dispersed pattern of development with the absence of basic infrastructure and services. Besides that, the study reveals, through temporal patterns, that the future and unplanned growth will continue to intensify; posing numerous threats on the environment and the quality of life. A harmonized standardized measurement framework for planning, development, and management is crucial rather than demolishing these areas.

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