scholarly journals III. Experimental researches in electricity. —eighteenth series

1843 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 17-32 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Atmospheric Electricity ◽  
Glass Tube ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
High Pressure Steam ◽  
Change Of State ◽  
Pressure Steam ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Experimental Researches

2075. Two years ago an experiment was described by Mr. Armstrong and others, in which the issue of a stream of high pressure steam into the air produced abundance of electricity. The source of the electricity was not ascertained, but was supposed to be the evaporation or change of state of the water, and to have a direct relation to atmospheric electricity. I have at various times since May of last year been working upon the subject, and though I perceive Mr. Armstrong has, in recent communi­cations, anticipated by publication some of the facts which I also have obtained, the Royal Society may still perhaps think a compressed account of my results and con­clusions, which include many other important points, worthy its attention. 2076. The apparatus I· have used was not competent to furnish me with much steam or a high pressure, but I found it sufficient for my purpose, which was the in­vestigation of the effect and its cause, and not necessarily an increase of the electric development. Mr. Armstrong, as is shown by a recent paper, has well effected the latter. The boiler I used, belonging to the London Institution, would hold about ten gallons of water, and allow the evaporation of five gallons. A pipe 4½ feet long was attached to it, at the end of which was a large stop-cock and a metal globe, of the capacity of thirty-two cubic inches, which I will call the steam-globe , and to this globe, by its mouth-piece, could be attached various forms of apparatus, serving as vents for the issuing steam. Thus a cock could be connected with the steam-globe, and this cock be used as the experimental steam-passage; or a wooden tube could be screwed in; or a small metal or glass tube put through a good cork, and the cork screwed in; and in these cases the steam way of the globe and tube leading to the boiler was so large, that they might be considered as part of the boiler, and these terminal passages as the obstacles which, restraining the issue of steam, produced any important degree of friction.

V. Experimental researches in magnetism and electricity

1867 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 89-107 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Quantitative Relation ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Dynamic Force ◽  
Electric Induction ◽  
Similar Character ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Experimental Researches ◽  
The Universe

1. The principle of the conservation of force, as I apprehend it, is the definite quantitative relation existing between all the phenomena of the universe whatsoever, both in direction and amount, whether such phenomena be considered in the relation of cause and effect, or as antecedent and consequent events. 2. In the particular application of this principle to the advancement of physical science, and also to the invention of new engines and machinery to meet the progressive requirements of society, problems not unfrequently present themselves which involve the consideration of static and dynamic force, from several different aspects; and the solution of these problems often brings out results which are as surprising as they are paradoxical. Of such cases, in which the idea of paradox alluded to is involved, may be mentioned the one contained in the 36th Proposition of Newton’s 'Principia' (Book 2, Cor. 2), and in D. Bernoulli’s 'Hydrodynamica,' p. 279; in which the repulsive force of a jet of Water issuing from a hole in the bottom or side of a vessel with a velocity which a body would acquire in falling freely from the surface, is equal to the weight of a column of water of which the base is equal to the section of the contracted vein and about twice the height of the column which produces the flowing pressure; the static force of reaction being thus double that which, without experiment, had been predicted. An instance in which the quantity of dynamic force is increased paradoxically may be seen in that curious and useful piece of apparatus the injector, by means of which a boiler containing steam of high pressure is able to feed itself with water through a hole in its shell, though this hole is open to the atmosphere; or the steam from a low-pressure boiler is enabled to drive the feed-water through a hole (also open to the atmosphere) into a high-pressure boiler. Although, when rightly interpreted, these examples of paradox, as well as many others of a similar character, are in strict accordance with the principle of conservation, yet they are at the same time contrary to the inferences which are generally drawn from analogical reasonings, and to some of those maxims of science which are framed for the instruction of the unlearned. As the examples cited are only adduced for the purpose of illustrating some analogous phenomena observed in connexion with certain combinations of static and dynamic force in molecular mechanics which form the subject of the present research, it is not my intention to enter into the rationale of either of them, but to direct attention to some new and paradoxical phenomena arising out of Faraday’s important discovery of magneto-electric induction, the close consideration of which has resulted in the discovery of a means of producing dynamic electricity in quantities unattainable by any apparatus hitherto constructed.

Using CFD to Enhance the Preliminary Design of High-Pressure Steam Turbines

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juri Bellucci ◽  
Federica Sazzini ◽  
Filippo Rubechini ◽  
Andrea Arnone ◽  
Lorenzo Arcangeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Tip Clearance ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
High Pressure Steam ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pressure Steam

This paper focuses on the use of the CFD for improving a steam turbine preliminary design tool. Three-dimensional RANS analyses were carried out in order to independently investigate the effects of profile, secondary flow and tip clearance losses, on the efficiency of two high-pressure steam turbine stages. The parametric study included geometrical features such as stagger angle, aspect ratio and radius ratio, and was conducted for a wide range of flow coefficients to cover the whole operating envelope. The results are reported in terms of stage performance curves, enthalpy loss coefficients and span-wise distribution of the blade-to-blade exit angles. A detailed discussion of these results is provided in order to highlight the different aerodynamic behavior of the two geometries. Once the analysis was concluded, the tuning of a preliminary steam turbine design tool was carried out, based on a correlative approach. Due to the lack of a large set of experimental data, the information obtained from the post-processing of the CFD computations were applied to update the current correlations, in order to improve the accuracy of the efficiency evaluation for both stages. Finally, the predictions of the tuned preliminary design tool were compared with the results of the CFD computations, in terms of stage efficiency, in a broad range of flow coefficients and in different real machine layouts.

Crosslinking Cotton Cellulose with a High Pressure Steam Process

2001 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 1063-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jui-Chin Chen ◽  
Wei-Hua Yao ◽  
Chien-Hsin Chen ◽  
Cheng-Chi Chen
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Cotton Cellulose ◽  
High Pressure Steam ◽  
Pressure Steam
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