scholarly journals Generation of infectious and transmissible virions from a GB virus B full-length consensus clone in tamarins

2001 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 2437-2448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Sbardellati ◽  
Elisa Scarselli ◽  
Ernst Verschoor ◽  
Amedeo De Tomassi ◽  
Domenico Lazzaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Recombinant Virus ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
B Genome

The strong similarity between GB virus B (GBV-B) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) makes tamarins infected by GBV-B an acceptable surrogate animal model for HCV infection. Even more attractive, for drug discovery purposes, is the idea of constructing chimeric viruses by inserting HCV genes of interest into a GBV-B genome frame. To accomplish this, infectious cDNA clones of both viruses must be available. The characterization of several HCV molecular clones capable of infecting chimpanzees has been published, whereas only one infectious GBV-B clone inducing hepatitis in tamarins has been reported so far. Here we describe the infection of tamarins by intrahepatic injection of RNA transcribed from a genomic GBV-B clone (FL-3) and transmission of the disease from infected to naive tamarins via serum inoculation. The disease resulting from both direct and secondary infection was characterized for viral RNA titre and hepatitis parameters as well as for viral RNA distribution in the hepatic tissue. Host humoral immune response to GBV-B antigens was also monitored. The progression of the disease was compared to that induced by intravenous injection of different amounts of the non-recombinant virus.

scholarly journals Characterization of Lassa Virus Cell Entry and Neutralization with Lassa Virus Pseudoparticles

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 3228-3237 ◽  
Author(s):  
François-Loic Cosset ◽  
Philippe Marianneau ◽  
Geraldine Verney ◽  
Fabrice Gallais ◽  
Noel Tordo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Cell Entry ◽  
Lassa Virus ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Humoral Immune

ABSTRACT The cell entry and humoral immune response of the human pathogen Lassa virus (LV), a biosafety level 4 (BSL4) Old World arenavirus, are not well characterized. LV pseudoparticles (LVpp) are a surrogate model system that has been used to decipher factors and routes involved in LV cell entry under BSL2 conditions. Here, we describe LVpp, which are highly infectious, with titers approaching those obtained with pseudoparticles displaying G protein of vesicular stomatitis virus and their the use for the characterization of LV cell entry and neutralization. Upon cell attachment, LVpp utilize endocytic vesicles for cell entry as described for many pH-dependent viruses. However, the fusion of the LV glycoproteins is activated at unusually low pH values, with optimal fusion occurring between pH 4.5 and 3, a pH range at which fusion characteristics of viral glycoproteins have so far remained largely unexplored. Consistent with a shifted pH optimum for fusion activation, we found wild-type LV and LVpp to display a remarkable resistance to exposure to low pH. Finally, LVpp allow the fast and quantifiable detection of neutralizing antibodies in human and animal sera and will thus facilitate the study of the humoral immune response in LV infections.

Characterization of the HIV-1 Specific Humoral Immune Response During Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART)

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 405-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Kate Morris ◽  
David A. Katzenstein ◽  
Dennis Israelski ◽  
Andrew Zolopa ◽  
R. Michael Hendry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Generation and characterization of the humoral immune response to DNA immunization with a chimericβ-amyloid-interleukin-4 minigene

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 3232-3241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anahit Ghochikyan ◽  
Vitaly Vasilevko ◽  
Irina Petrushina ◽  
Nina Movsesyan ◽  
Davit Babikyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Dna Immunization ◽  
Humoral Immune

scholarly journals Structural differences between the two human complement C4 isotypes affect the humoral immune response.

1992 ◽  
Vol 175 (2) ◽  
pp. 537-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Finco ◽  
S Li ◽  
M Cuccia ◽  
F S Rosen ◽  
M C Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Structural Difference ◽  
Secondary Response ◽  
Human Complement ◽  
Complement C4 ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Structural Differences

An animal model has been used to address the question of the biological importance of the known structural difference between the two isotypes of human C4, i.e., C4A and C4B. Guinea pigs deficient in C4 were reconstituted transiently with either human C4A or C4B protein and immunized with the bacteriophage phi X174. Results from this study showed that C4A-reconstituted animals made a secondary response, i.e., switch from IgM to IgG; whereas the C4B-reconstituted animals did not.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Humoral Immune Response to Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection under Experimental and Field Conditions Using an AlphaLISA Platform

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay Kimpston-Burkgren ◽  
Juan Carlos Mora-Díaz ◽  
Philippe Roby ◽  
Jordan Bjustrom-Kraft ◽  
Rodger Main ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

Coronavirus infections are a continuous threat raised time and again. With the recent emergence of novel virulent strains, these viruses can have a large impact on human and animal health. Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is considered to be a reemerging pig disease caused by the enteropathogenic alphacoronavirus PED virus (PEDV). In the absence of effective vaccines, infection prevention and control through diagnostic testing and quarantine are critical. Early detection and differential diagnosis of PEDV infections increase the chance of successful control of the disease. Therefore, there is a continuous need for development of reduced assay-step protocols, no-wash, high-throughput immunoassays. This study described the characterization of the humoral immune response against PEDV under experimental and field conditions using a rapid, sensitive, luminescent proximity homogenous assay (AlphaLISA). PEDV IgG and IgA antibodies were developed toward the beginning of the second week of infection. PEDV IgG antibodies were detected for at least 16 weeks post-exposure. Remarkably, the serum IgA levels remained high and relatively stable throughout the study, lasting longer than the serum IgG response. Overall, AlphaLISA allows the detection and characterization of pathogen-specific antibodies with new speed, sensitivity, and simplicity of use. Particularly, the bridge assay constitutes a rapid diagnostic that substantially improves upon the “time to result” metric of currently available immunoassays.

Immunological characterization of a chimeric form ofSchistosoma mansoniaquaporin in the murine model

Parasitology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 141 (10) ◽  
pp. 1277-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
BARBARA CASTRO PIMENTEL FIGUEIREDO ◽  
NATAN RAIMUNDO GONÇALVES DE ASSIS ◽  
SUELLEN BATISTONI DE MORAIS ◽  
VICENTE PAULO MARTINS ◽  
NATASHA DELAQUA RICCI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Drug Uptake ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Vaccination Trial ◽  
Good Target ◽  
Parasite Survival

SUMMARYAquaporin (SmAQP) is the most abundant transmembrane protein in the tegument ofSchistosoma mansoni. This protein is expressed in all developmental stages and seems to be essential in parasite survival since it plays a crucial role in osmoregulation, nutrient transport and drug uptake. In this study, we utilized the murine model to evaluate whether this protein was able to induce protection against challenge infection withS. mansonicercariae. A chimeric (c) SmAQP was formulated with Freund's adjuvant for vaccination trial and evaluation of the host's immune response was performed. Our results demonstrated that immunization with cSmAQP induced the production of high levels of specific anti-cSmAQP IgG antibodies and a Th1/Th17 type of immune response characterized by IFN-γ, TNF-αand IL-17 cytokines. However, vaccination of mice with cSmAQP failed to reduceS. mansoniworm burden and liver pathology. Finally, we were unable to detect humoral immune response anti-cSmAQP in the sera ofS. mansoni-infected human patients. Our results lead us to believe that SmAQP, as formulated in this study, may not be a good target in the search for an anti-schistosomiasis vaccine.

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