scholarly journals Functional Analysis of Second-step Host Specificity Mutations in Unstable Escherichia coli Heterozygotes

1973 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hubacek
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Second Step

Introduction to Mistake in Contract Law

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin A. Eisenberg
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Functional Significance ◽  
Contract Law ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Functional Characteristics ◽  
Turn On ◽  
General Parameter

Chapter 39 concerns the effect of mistake in contract law. Traditionally, contract law has recognized four categories of mistake: misunderstanding, unilateral mistake, mutual mistake, and mistranscription. The names of these categories fail to describe contractual mistakes according to their functional characteristics, and many of the rules that govern these categories turn on elements that are of only limited functional significance, easy to manipulate, or both. The first step in developing a functional analysis of mistake is to analyze contractual mistakes on the basis of their character. The second step is to analyze the rules that should govern each type of mistake based on policy, morality, and experience. This chapter sets out the general parameter of these analyses.

scholarly journals Identification of the Gene Encoding Sulfopyruvate Decarboxylase, an Enzyme Involved in Biosynthesis of Coenzyme M

2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (17) ◽  
pp. 4862-4867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Graupner ◽  
Huimin Xu ◽  
Robert H. White
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Methanococcus Jannaschii ◽  
Coenzyme M ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Fourth Step

ABSTRACT The products of two adjacent genes in the chromosome ofMethanococcus jannaschii are similar to the amino and carboxyl halves of phosphonopyruvate decarboxylase, the enzyme that catalyzes the second step of fosfomycin biosynthesis inStreptomyces wedmorensis. These two M. jannaschii genes were recombinantly expressed inEscherichia coli, and their gene products were tested for the ability to catalyze the decarboxylation of a series of α-ketoacids. Both subunits are required to form an α6β6 dodecamer that specifically catalyzes the decarboxylation of sulfopyruvic acid to sulfoacetaldehyde. This transformation is the fourth step in the biosynthesis of coenzyme M, a crucial cofactor in methanogenesis and aliphatic alkene metabolism. The M. jannaschiisulfopyruvate decarboxylase was found to be inactivated by oxygen and reactivated by reduction with dithionite. The two subunits, designated ComD and ComE, comprise the first enzyme for the biosynthesis of coenzyme M to be described.

Host specificity of DNA produced by Escherichia coli

1965 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisy Dussoix ◽  
Werner Arber
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Host Specificity

scholarly journals Visualization and functional analysis of the oligomeric states of Escherichia coli heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70/DnaK)

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea D. Thompson ◽  
Steffen M. Bernard ◽  
Georgios Skiniotis ◽  
Jason E. Gestwicki
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Heat Shock Protein 70

In-toilet disinfection of fresh fecal sludge with ammonia naturally present in excreta

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temitope A. Ogunyoku ◽  
Fikreselam Habebo ◽  
Kara L. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fecal Sludge ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
Inactivation Of Bacteria ◽  
Control Samples

A simple treatment method, Safe Sludge disinfection, was developed to disinfect pathogens in fresh fecal sludge using the ammonia naturally present in excreta. In the first step, urea is hydrolyzed to ammonia (NH3/NH4+). In the second step, Ca(OH)2 is added to raise the pH level such that NH3, a known disinfectant, is the dominant form of ammonia; subsequently, the waste is stored until sufficient disinfection is achieved. In a closed system at 23 °C, Safe Sludge disinfection achieved >9.3 log10 and >4.0 log10 decrease of indigenous Escherichia coli and seeded MS2 coliphage, respectively, within 10.6 hours, and 2.0 log10 inactivation of seeded Ascaris suum eggs within 2 weeks. Disinfection of feces at high pH with no urine addition was tested for comparison, and similar inactivation levels were achieved for E. coli and MS2 bacteriophage. However, for Ascaris eggs only 0.38 log10 inactivation was achieved over 2 weeks. For control samples (feces plus urine only), no inactivation of bacteria or virus indicators was observed and inactivation of Ascaris eggs was also low (0.42 log10). To illustrate how the Safe Sludge concept could be incorporated into a waterless household toilet, a conceptual design and prototype was developed, called the pHree Loo.

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