scholarly journals Comparative titration of experimental ovine BSE infectivity in sheep and mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 714-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo González ◽  
Francesca Chianini ◽  
Stuart Martin ◽  
Sílvia Sisó ◽  
Louise Gibbard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Species Barrier ◽  
Cattle Disease ◽  
Mouse Species ◽  
Comparative Titration

Titration studies of the infectivity of experimental bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in sheep are necessary to assess the risk for human health posed by the ovine infection relative to the original cattle disease. Here, a comparative titration was performed of sheep-passaged BSE infectivity in Romney sheep and RIII mice, by the intracerebral (i.c.) and i.c. plus intraperitoneal (i.p.) routes, respectively. The sheep-to-mouse species barrier was lower than anticipated, as similar titres were obtained for both sheep [1×105.4 (i.c.) ID50 g−1)] and mice [1×105.0 (i.c.+i.p.) ID50 g−1]. Moreover, sheep of the ARR/ARR PrP genotype all succumbed to i.c. challenge with a 10−3 dilution of 0.5 g of a brainstem pool from BSE-affected sheep, indicating that resistance to natural infection in sheep of this genotype must reside in some mechanism of peripheral pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Presence of subclinical infection in gene-targeted human prion protein transgenic mice exposed to atypical bovine spongiform encephalopathy

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 2819-2827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rona Wilson ◽  
Karen Dobie ◽  
Nora Hunter ◽  
Cristina Casalone ◽  
Thierry Baron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Prion Protein ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Human Prion Protein

The transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) to humans, leading to variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease has demonstrated that cattle transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) can pose a risk to human health. Until recently, TSE disease in cattle was thought to be caused by a single agent strain, BSE, also known as classical BSE, or BSE-C. However, due to the initiation of a large-scale surveillance programme throughout Europe, two atypical BSE strains, bovine amyloidotic spongiform encephalopathy (BASE, also named BSE-L) and BSE-H have since been discovered. To model the risk to human health, we previously inoculated these two forms of atypical BSE (BASE and BSE-H) into gene-targeted transgenic (Tg) mice expressing the human prion protein (PrP) (HuTg) but were unable to detect any signs of TSE pathology in these mice. However, despite the absence of TSE pathology, upon subpassage of some BASE-challenged HuTg mice, a TSE was observed in recipient gene-targeted bovine PrP Tg (Bov6) mice but not in HuTg mice. Disease transmission from apparently healthy individuals indicates the presence of subclinical BASE infection in mice expressing human PrP that cannot be identified by current diagnostic methods. However, due to the lack of transmission to HuTg mice on subpassage, the efficiency of mouse-to-mouse transmission of BASE appears to be low when mice express human rather than bovine PrP.

Transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy and scrapie to mice: strain variation and the species barrier

1994 ◽  
Vol 343 (1306) ◽  
pp. 405-411 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Species Barrier ◽  
New Host ◽  
Disease Characteristics ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Specific Influence ◽  
Donor Species ◽  
Selection Of

Transmissions of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) from seven unrelated cattle sources have given remarkably uniform disease characteristics in mice, differing from over twenty previous and contemporary transmissions of sheep and goat scrapie. Transmissions to mice of spongiform encephalopathy from six species (including sheep and goats) which have been experimentally or naturally infected with bse have given similar results to direct BSE transmissions from cattle. Therefore the BSE agent has retained its identity when passaged through a range of species and the ‘donor’ species has little specific influence on disease characteristics in mice, adding to evidence for an agent-specific informational molecule. On transmission of BSE or scrapie to mice the incubation periods are long compared with subsequent mouse-to-mouse passages (the ‘species barrier’). C ontributing factors include a low efficiency of infection on interspecies transmission, the apparent failure of intracerebrally injected ‘foreign’ inoculum to establish infection directly in mouse brain and the selection of variant strains of agent which replicate most readily in the new host species.

Zombie deer and the species barrier. Should humans worry about it?

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Chronic Wasting Disease ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Species Barrier ◽  
Wasting Disease ◽  
Prion Infection ◽  
The Moment

This commentary reports of a deer chronic disease (chronic wasting disease - CWD), which might be transmitted to humans. It is due to a prion infection, similar to the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). At the moment, it is not known if the disease may be transmitted to humans. That is why all of us should be aware of the disease, and more careful while consuming deer meat.

scholarly journals Resistance of Domestic Cats to a US Sheep Scrapie Agent by Intracerebral Route

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 444-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir N. Hamir ◽  
Wilber W. Clark ◽  
Diane L. Sutton ◽  
Janice M. Miller ◽  
Mick J. Stack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Neurologic Disease ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Species Barrier ◽  
Scrapie Agent ◽  
Abnormal Form ◽  
Sheep Scrapie

Feline spongiform encephalopathy (FSE) is thought to have resulted from consumption of food contaminated with bovine spongiform encephalopathy and the latter is believed to result from the consumption of food contaminated with scrapie. However, no direct experimental documentation exists to indicate that the scrapie agent is capable of amplifying in cats, and, therefore, crossing the species barrier. During 1979, 6 cats ranging in age from 3.5 to 18 months were intracerebrally inoculated with sheep scrapie (inoculum G-639-PP) and were observed for an extended period. Inoculated cats did not develop neurologic disease, and microscopic lesions of spongiform encephalopathy were not evident. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot techniques failed to detect the abnormal form of prion protein (PrPres). These results indicate that the sheep scrapie agent (G-639-PP) used in this study was not capable of amplifying in cats and therefore was unable to cross the species barrier to produce FSE.

scholarly journals Sheep-Passaged Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Agent Exhibits Altered Pathobiological Properties in Bovine-PrP Transgenic Mice

2006 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 835-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Espinosa ◽  
Olivier Andréoletti ◽  
Joaquín Castilla ◽  
María Eugenia Herva ◽  
Mónica Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Mouse Bioassay ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Species Barrier ◽  
Subsequent Passage ◽  
Sheep Scrapie ◽  
Cattle And Sheep ◽  
Transmission Barrier

ABSTRACT Sheep can be experimentally infected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), and the ensuing disease is similar to scrapie in terms of pathogenesis and clinical signs. BSE infection in sheep is an animal and human health concern. In this study, the transmission in BoPrP-Tg110 mice of prions from BSE-infected sheep was examined and compared to the transmission of original cattle BSE in cattle and sheep scrapie prions. Our results indicate no transmission barrier for sheep BSE prions to infect BoPrP-Tg110 mice, but the course of the disease is accelerated compared to the effects of the original BSE isolate. The shortened incubation period of sheep BSE in the model was conserved in subsequent passage in BoPrP-Tg110 mice, indicating that it is not related to infectious titer differences. Biochemical signature, lesion profile, and PrPSc deposition pattern of both cattle and sheep BSE were similar. In contrast, all three sheep scrapie isolates tested showed an evident transmission barrier and further adaptation in subsequent passage. Taken together, those data indicate that BSE agent can be altered by crossing a species barrier, raising concerns about the virulence of this new prion towards other species, including humans. The BoPrP-Tg110 mouse bioassay should be considered as a valuable tool for discriminating scrapie and BSE in sheep.

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