scholarly journals Sheep-Passaged Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Agent Exhibits Altered Pathobiological Properties in Bovine-PrP Transgenic Mice

2006 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 835-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Espinosa ◽  
Olivier Andréoletti ◽  
Joaquín Castilla ◽  
María Eugenia Herva ◽  
Mónica Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Mouse Bioassay ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Species Barrier ◽  
Subsequent Passage ◽  
Sheep Scrapie ◽  
Cattle And Sheep ◽  
Transmission Barrier

ABSTRACT Sheep can be experimentally infected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), and the ensuing disease is similar to scrapie in terms of pathogenesis and clinical signs. BSE infection in sheep is an animal and human health concern. In this study, the transmission in BoPrP-Tg110 mice of prions from BSE-infected sheep was examined and compared to the transmission of original cattle BSE in cattle and sheep scrapie prions. Our results indicate no transmission barrier for sheep BSE prions to infect BoPrP-Tg110 mice, but the course of the disease is accelerated compared to the effects of the original BSE isolate. The shortened incubation period of sheep BSE in the model was conserved in subsequent passage in BoPrP-Tg110 mice, indicating that it is not related to infectious titer differences. Biochemical signature, lesion profile, and PrPSc deposition pattern of both cattle and sheep BSE were similar. In contrast, all three sheep scrapie isolates tested showed an evident transmission barrier and further adaptation in subsequent passage. Taken together, those data indicate that BSE agent can be altered by crossing a species barrier, raising concerns about the virulence of this new prion towards other species, including humans. The BoPrP-Tg110 mouse bioassay should be considered as a valuable tool for discriminating scrapie and BSE in sheep.

scholarly journals Resistance of Domestic Cats to a US Sheep Scrapie Agent by Intracerebral Route

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 444-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir N. Hamir ◽  
Wilber W. Clark ◽  
Diane L. Sutton ◽  
Janice M. Miller ◽  
Mick J. Stack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Neurologic Disease ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Species Barrier ◽  
Scrapie Agent ◽  
Abnormal Form ◽  
Sheep Scrapie

Feline spongiform encephalopathy (FSE) is thought to have resulted from consumption of food contaminated with bovine spongiform encephalopathy and the latter is believed to result from the consumption of food contaminated with scrapie. However, no direct experimental documentation exists to indicate that the scrapie agent is capable of amplifying in cats, and, therefore, crossing the species barrier. During 1979, 6 cats ranging in age from 3.5 to 18 months were intracerebrally inoculated with sheep scrapie (inoculum G-639-PP) and were observed for an extended period. Inoculated cats did not develop neurologic disease, and microscopic lesions of spongiform encephalopathy were not evident. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot techniques failed to detect the abnormal form of prion protein (PrPres). These results indicate that the sheep scrapie agent (G-639-PP) used in this study was not capable of amplifying in cats and therefore was unable to cross the species barrier to produce FSE.

scholarly journals Evidence of subclinical prion disease in aged mice following exposure to bovine spongiform encephalopathy

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Brown ◽  
Neil A. Mabbott
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Prion Disease ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Brain Homogenate ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Species Barrier ◽  
Aged Mice

The occurrence of variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob (vCJD) disease in humans was almost certainly the result of consumption of food contaminated with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) prions. Despite probable widespread exposure of the UK population to BSE-contaminated food in the 1980s, vCJD has been identified predominantly in young individuals, and there have been fewer cases of clinical disease than anticipated. The reasons for this are uncertain. Following peripheral exposure, many prions replicate within the lymphoid tissues before infecting the central nervous system. We have shown that the effects of host age on the microarchitecture of the spleen significantly impair susceptibility to mouse-adapted prions after peripheral exposure. The transmission of prions between different mammalian species is considered to be limited by the ‘species barrier’, which is dependent on several factors, including an intact immune system. Thus, cross-species prion transmission may be much less efficient in aged individuals. To test this hypothesis, we compared prion pathogenesis in groups of young (6–8 weeks old) and aged (600 days old) mice injected with primary BSE brain homogenate. We showed that prion pathogenesis was impaired dramatically in aged mice when compared with young animals. Whereas most young mice succumbed to clinical prion disease, all aged mice failed to develop clinical disease during their lifespans. However, the demonstration that prion accumulation was detected in the lymphoid tissues of some aged mice after injection with primary BSE brain homogenate, in the absence of clinical signs of prion disease, has important implications for human health.

Transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy and scrapie to mice: strain variation and the species barrier

1994 ◽  
Vol 343 (1306) ◽  
pp. 405-411 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Species Barrier ◽  
New Host ◽  
Disease Characteristics ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Specific Influence ◽  
Donor Species ◽  
Selection Of

Transmissions of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) from seven unrelated cattle sources have given remarkably uniform disease characteristics in mice, differing from over twenty previous and contemporary transmissions of sheep and goat scrapie. Transmissions to mice of spongiform encephalopathy from six species (including sheep and goats) which have been experimentally or naturally infected with bse have given similar results to direct BSE transmissions from cattle. Therefore the BSE agent has retained its identity when passaged through a range of species and the ‘donor’ species has little specific influence on disease characteristics in mice, adding to evidence for an agent-specific informational molecule. On transmission of BSE or scrapie to mice the incubation periods are long compared with subsequent mouse-to-mouse passages (the ‘species barrier’). C ontributing factors include a low efficiency of infection on interspecies transmission, the apparent failure of intracerebrally injected ‘foreign’ inoculum to establish infection directly in mouse brain and the selection of variant strains of agent which replicate most readily in the new host species.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Cattle to First-passage Intracerebral Inoculation with Chronic Wasting Disease Agent from White-tailed Deer

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Hamir ◽  
J. M. Miller ◽  
R. A. Kunkle ◽  
S. M. Hall ◽  
J. A. Richt
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Wasting Disease ◽  
Prion Diseases ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Wasting Disease ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathies ◽  
Disease Agent ◽  
Sheep Scrapie

Fourteen, 3-month-old calves were intracerebrally inoculated with the agent of chronic wasting disease (CWD) from white-tailed deer (CWDwtd) to compare the clinical signs and neuropathologic findings with those of certain other transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE, prion diseases) that have been shown to be experimentally transmissible to cattle (sheep scrapie, CWD of mule deer [CWDmd], bovine spongiform encephalopathy [BSE], and transmissible mink encephalopathy). Two uninoculated calves served as controls. Within 26 months postinoculation (MPI), 12 inoculated calves had lost considerable weight and eventually became recumbent. Of the 12 inoculated calves, 11 (92%) developed clinical signs. Although spongiform encephalopathy (SE) was not observed, abnormal prion protein (PrPd) was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot (WB) in central nervous system tissues. The absence of SE with presence of PrPd has also been observed when other TSE agents (scrapie and CWDmd) were similarly inoculated into cattle. The IHC and WB findings suggest that the diagnostic techniques currently used to confirm BSE would detect CWDwtd in cattle, should it occur naturally. Also, the absence of SE and a distinctive IHC pattern of CWDwtd and CWDmd in cattle suggests that it should be possible to distinguish these conditions from other TSEs that have been experimentally transmitted to cattle.

Zombie deer and the species barrier. Should humans worry about it?

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Chronic Wasting Disease ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Species Barrier ◽  
Wasting Disease ◽  
Prion Infection ◽  
The Moment

This commentary reports of a deer chronic disease (chronic wasting disease - CWD), which might be transmitted to humans. It is due to a prion infection, similar to the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). At the moment, it is not known if the disease may be transmitted to humans. That is why all of us should be aware of the disease, and more careful while consuming deer meat.

Analysis of clinical signs associated with bovine spongiform encephalopathy in casualty slaughter cattle

2006 ◽  
Vol 171 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timm Konold ◽  
S.K. Sivam ◽  
Judi Ryan ◽  
Simon Gubbins ◽  
Richard Laven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Slaughter Cattle ◽  
Casualty Slaughter

scholarly journals In Situ Detection of Cellular and Abnormal Isoforms of Prion Protein in Brains of Cattle with Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy and Sheep with Scrapie by Use of a Histoblot Technique

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumiko M. Kimura ◽  
Takashi Yokoyama ◽  
Makoto Haritani ◽  
Minoru Narita ◽  
Peter Belleby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Prion Protein ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
In Situ Detection ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

To detect prion protein, brains from 5 cattle naturally affected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and 3 sheep naturally affected with scrapie were examined and compared with brains of normal cattle and sheep using a histoblot technique. The technique enabled the in situ distinctive detection of the cellular (PrPC) and abnormal (PrPSc) isoforms of the prion protein. In BSE- or scrapie-affected brains, the PrPC signal decreased, especially in those areas where the PrPSc signal was detected.

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