PRION PROTEIN GENE SEQUENCES ANALYSIS IN TWELVE SHEEP BREEDS OF PAKISTAN

Prions are considered the only agents of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) and are harmful pathogens of mammals. These infectious agents of host are made up through aggregation of conformational isomers (PrPSc) and encode glycoprotein (PrPC) of 33-35 kDa. TSEs are the fatal group of diseases which are neurodegenerative and include chronic wasting disease in deer and elk, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) in humans and scrapie in goats and sheep. The accumulation of abnormal form of the normal protein (PrP) is common in all diseases related TSE. This abnormal form of PrP called PrPSc is resistant to proteolysis as well as infectious. Present study was conducted in order to do sequence analysis of prion protein gene in twelve breeds of the sheep. We studied this gene to elucidate 12 of Pakistani sheep breeds and to compare gene order with other mammalian species. PCR amplification of 771 bp fragment was done on selected samples from all twelve breeds followed by sequencing. Sequence analysis was done and some sites were found to be heterozygous. These findings on prion protein gene in sheep will provide assistance for further studies on pathogenesis, cross-species transmission, breeding programs, resistance and susceptibility to scrapie.

IOT Framework for Heart Diseases Prediction Using Machine Learning

latest evolution in the domain of internet of things and technology of sensors can be carrier for online healthcare services. The modern rectification in IOT sector enhance the employed rate in online healthcare control. So according to in this paper we proposed a framework for heart diseases prediction with the help of IOT and machine learning. Basically IOT sensors attached with patient body and that sensors transfers the patient data into dataset form. Then help with the machine learning classification algorithms predict the data for patient having anormal or abnormal form of data

A New Record of Oxytricha granulifera granulifera Foissner and Adam, 1983 (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Oxytrichidae) From a Hot Spring in Iceland, With Notes on Its Abnormal Form During Cultivation

We isolated a population of Oxytricha granulifera granuliferaFoissner and Adam (1983) from a hot spring in Iceland. The pure culture of this isolate was established at room temperature in the laboratory. This allowed for a detailed investigation, informed by integrated approaches, of the isolate’s morphology and morphogenesis, as well as molecular phylogeny. Results showed that the morphological and morphogenetic characteristics of the Iceland population are consistent with those of other populations. During the 3-year long period of laboratory cultivation, some abnormal individuals appeared repeatedly in the culture system. Interestingly, the morphological characteristics of these abnormal cells were rather stable, and were as follows: 1) body slender and elliptical-shaped; 2) remarkably shortened adoral zone and significantly reduced number of adoral membranelles; and 3) loss of undulating membranes. Resting cysts, binary fission and conjugate reproduction were not found in abnormal specimens. Although the morphology of abnormal individuals changed significantly, the sequences of the SSU rDNA of the normal and abnormal morphotypes were the same. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the two morphotypes clustered in a clade with other populations of O. granulifera granulifera.

Oral manifestation of thalassemia  mayor: case study

Objective: Thalassemia b major is one of inheredited blood disorder caused by abnormality hemoglobin. Thalassemia b major is widely found in population Mediteranian with prevalent ±25.000 case. The abnormal form of hemoglobin chain will lead to erythrocytes damage in <120 days and will distrurb osteogenesis process. This condition caused patient with thalassemia b major require blood transfusion. The purpose of this paper is to describe an oral manifestation of thalassemia b major.Methods: the patient (5 years old) came to dental hospital of Jenderal Soedirman University with his mother for having teeth treatment. The patient was diagnosed thalassemia b major since 1 years old of and has had regular blood transfusion every month. An examination of intraoral examination showed pale oral mucose (purplish), profound caries on 85th teeth exposed to pulp, overbite 4mm, overjet 3mm, deep palatum, and the extraoral examination showed special face shape.Results: Clinical examinations performed on patients showed the characteristics of cooley-face and the cephalo-tracing x-ray result, the were <SNA = 86o, <SNB = 81o, <ANB = 5o, and <FH-Man = 35o. Based on the radiographic results it can be seen that patients with thalassemia have skeletal class II tendency and there is more anterior or protusive appearence of maxillary growth.Conclusion: Thalassemia sufferers have oral manifestations which are characterized by Cooley-face. Patients with thalassemia have skeletal class II tendency and there is more anterior or protusive appearence of maxillary growth.Keyword: Hemoglobin, Oral manifestation, Thalassemia b mayor.

The Influence Of Parathyroid Gland On Beta-Thalassaemia Patients in Kirkuk City

Thalassaemia is an inherited blood disorder in which the body makes an abnormal form of hemoglobin. The symptoms of thalassemia appear in the first two years of life and include paleness of the skin, anemia, bone abnormalities, weakness and growth retardations. (70) male thalassaemic patients are diagnosed in thalassaemia center at Azadi Teaching Hospital in Kirkuk city and( 30) normal male healthy Controls were included in this study Anthropometric measures include, Age, BMI, were done for all participants. there is significant elevation, (P> 0.01) in PTH in P2 age group (9-13) years as compare with control healthy subjectsand as compare with P1(4-8) and P3(14-18) age group. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.023

GAMBARAN ERITROSIT PADA SEDIAAN DARAH TEPI PASIEN MALARIA DI PUSKESMAS SUNGAI PANCUR

<p><em>Malaria is an infectious disease is acute or chronic, caused by Plasmodium that attack the erythrocytes, which erythrocytes are biconcave, basin (concave) function to provide a space in which hemoglobin would bind oxygen. Malaria is transmitted by the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito vectors that have been infected by Plasmodium sp. The research is descriptive cross sectional design of the research result description the shape, size, and color of blood cells, erythrocytes in blood clots malaria positive patients, using microscopy methods to manufacture thin blood smear stained with Giemsa hereinafter. The research was conducted in Puskesmas Sungai Pancur Tanjung Piayu Batam district from September to November 2016. Population and sample is positive malaria patients were capillary blood taken from the patient's finger. From the research results Patients with malaria attacked Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte Normal shape (biconcave), normositer size (±7 Mikron), and color Hipocrom erythrocytes (erythrocytes pale&gt;1/3</em><em> part). Patients with malaria Plasmodium vivax attacked Abnormal form erythrocytes (Crenation) is erythrocytes shrink, Makrositer size (&gt;7 Mikron) where erythrocytes enlarged, and colors Hipocrom erythrocytes (erythrocytes pale&gt;</em>1/3<em> part). </em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p>Malaria merupakanpenyakitinfeksi yang bersifat akut maupun kronis yang disebabkan oleh <em>Plasmodium</em> yang menyerang eritrosit<em>,</em> dimana eritrosit yang berbentuk <em>bikonkaf</em>, cekungan (<em>konkaf</em>) berfungsi untuk memberikan ruang pada <em>hemoglobin</em> yang akan mengikat oksigen. Penyakit malaria ditularkan melalui gigitan vektor nyamuk <em>Anopheles </em>betina yang sudah terinfeksi oleh <em>Plasmodium sp</em>. Penelitian ini ini bersifat deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional yaitu hasil penelitian memberikan gambaran bentuk, ukuran, dan warna sel darah eritrosit pada sediaan darah tepi pasien positif malari, menggunakan metode mikroskop dengan pembuatan apusan darah tipis yang selanjutnya diwarnai dengan giemsa. Penelitian dilakukan di Puskesmas Sungai Pancur Tanjung Piayu Batam dari bulan September sampai bulan November tahun 2016. Populasi dan sampel merupakan pasien positif malaria yang diambil darah kapiler dari jari tangan pasien. Dari hasil penelitian Penderita penyakit malaria yang diserang <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> bentuk eritrosit Normal (<em>bikonkaf</em>), ukuran Normositer (± 7 Mikron), dan warna eritrosit Hipocrom (eritrosit pucat &gt;1/3 bagian). Penderita penyakit malaria yang diserang <em>Plasmodium vivax</em> bentuk eritrosit Abnormal (<em>krenasi</em>) yaitu eritrosit mengkerut, ukuran Makrositer (&gt; 7 Mikron) dimana eritrosit membesar, dan warna eritrosit Hipocrom (eritrosit pucat &gt;1/3 bagian).</p><p></p><div><em><br /></em></div><div><em><br /></em></div>

Movement Disorders

The term “movement disorder” refers to a heterogeneous group of conditions that result in abnormal form or timing of voluntary movement in individuals with normal strength and sensation. Movement disorders can be grouped into three general categories, hypokinetic, hyperkinetic, and ataxic. Hypokinetic movement disorders are characterized by tremors. Hyperkinetic movement disorders are characterized by involuntary movements that intrude into the normal flow of motor acts. Ataxic movement disorders are characterized by a lack of speed and skill in performing acts requiring the smoothly coordinated activity of several muscles.

Plasticity of Hippocampal Excitatory-Inhibitory Balance: Missing the Synaptic Control in the Epileptic Brain

Synaptic plasticity is the capacity generated by experience to modify the neural function and, thereby, adapt our behaviour. Long-term plasticity of glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission occurs in a concerted manner, finely adjusting the excitatory-inhibitory (E/I) balance. Imbalances of E/I function are related to several neurological diseases including epilepsy. Several evidences have demonstrated that astrocytes are able to control the synaptic plasticity, with astrocytes being active partners in synaptic physiology and E/I balance. Here, we revise molecular evidences showing the epileptic stage as an abnormal form of long-term brain plasticity and propose the possible participation of astrocytes to the abnormal increase of glutamatergic and decrease of GABAergic neurotransmission in epileptic networks.

Participation of Membrane Nanotubes in Intercellular Communication

Summary A few years ago, a so far unknown type of intercellular connections, involved in communication was discovered. Due to their specific nano-architecture, these connections were named membrane nanotubes or tunneling nanotubes. Nanotubes ensure the transfer of both membrane and cytosolic cellular components, including organelles. Nanotubes also participate in calcium signal transduction and apoptosis signal. The length of the distance at which cells contact via nanotubes reaches several hundred micrometers. The published data suggest that nanotubes have heterogeneous structure. Among them, there are nanotubes which provide direct contact of the cytoplasm in connected cells (open-ended structure), and those, in which the transport requires overcoming a barrier, which is the cell membrane (close-ended structure). An important finding in the study of membrane nanotubes was demonstrating the ability of these connections of the intercellular transfer of pathogens, such as HIV, or abnormal form of PrP prion protein. In addition, nanotubes mediate a transport of MDR protein, involved in resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy. It means that this type of cell connection may play an important role in the pathomechanism of AIDS, prion as well as cancer diseases.