scholarly journals Genome sequence of a diabetes-prone desert rodent reveals a mutation hotspot around the ParaHox gene cluster

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam D Hargreaves ◽  
Long Zhou ◽  
Josef Christensen ◽  
Ferdinand Marlétaz ◽  
Shiping Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Homeobox Gene ◽  
Sand Rat ◽  
Diabetes Susceptibility ◽  
Parahox Gene ◽  
Desert Rodent ◽  
Develop Type ◽  
Rat Genome

The sand rat Psammomys obesus is a gerbil native to deserts of North Africa and the Middle East1. Sand rats survive with low caloric intake and when given high carbohydrate diets can become obese and develop type II diabetes2 which, in extreme cases, leads to pancreatic failure and death3,4. Previous studies have reported inability to detect the Pdx1 gene or protein in gerbils5–7, suggesting that absence of this key insulin-regulating homeobox gene might underlie diabetes susceptibility. Here we report sequencing of the sand rat genome and discovery of an extensive, mutationally-biased GC-rich genomic domain encompassing many essential genes, including the elusive Pdx1. The sequence of Pdx1 has been grossly affected by GC-biased mutation leading to the highest divergence observed in the animal kingdom. In addition to molecular insights into restricted caloric intake in a desert species, the discovery that specific chromosomal regions can be subject to elevated mutation rate has widespread significance to evolution.

scholarly journals Genome sequence of a diabetes-prone rodent reveals a mutation hotspot around the ParaHox gene cluster

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (29) ◽  
pp. 7677-7682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam D. Hargreaves ◽  
Long Zhou ◽  
Josef Christensen ◽  
Ferdinand Marlétaz ◽  
Shiping Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Chromosomal Region ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Homeobox Gene ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Sand Rat ◽  
Parahox Gene ◽  
Parahox Cluster ◽  
Rat Genome

The sand rat Psammomys obesus is a gerbil species native to deserts of North Africa and the Middle East, and is constrained in its ecology because high carbohydrate diets induce obesity and type II diabetes that, in extreme cases, can lead to pancreatic failure and death. We report the sequencing of the sand rat genome and discovery of an unusual, extensive, and mutationally biased GC-rich genomic domain. This highly divergent genomic region encompasses several functionally essential genes, and spans the ParaHox cluster which includes the insulin-regulating homeobox gene Pdx1. The sequence of sand rat Pdx1 has been grossly affected by GC-biased mutation, leading to the highest divergence observed for this gene across the Bilateria. In addition to genomic insights into restricted caloric intake in a desert species, the discovery of a localized chromosomal region subject to elevated mutation suggests that mutational heterogeneity within genomes could influence the course of evolution.

Relationship between uric acid and creatinine in pre-diabetic and diabetic patients: Vidarbha region of Maharashtra

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 3412-3417
Author(s):  
Ranjit S. Ambad ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Jha ◽  
Lata Kanyal Butola ◽  
Nandkishor Bankar ◽  
Brij Raj Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Develop Type ◽  
Low Levels

Prediabetes is a glucose homeostasis condition characterized by decreased absorption to glucose or reduced fasting glucose. Both of these are reversible stages of intermediate hyperglycaemia providing an increased type II DM risk. Pre-diabetes can therefore be viewed as a significant reversible stage which could lead to type II DM, and early detection of prediabetes may contribute to type II DM prevention. Prediabetes patients are at high risk for potential type II diabetes, and 70 percent of them appear to develop Type II diabetes within 10 years. The present study includes total 200 subjects that include 100 Prediabetic patients, 50 T2DM patients and 50 healthy individual. Blood samples were collected from the subjects were obtained for FBS, PPBS, Uric acid and Creatinine estimation, from OPD and General Medicine Wards. Present study showed low levels of Serum Uric Acid in prediabetic and T2DM patients were decreased as compared to control group, while the level of creatinine in prediabetic and diabetic were elevated as compared to control group, were not statically significant. Serum Uric Acid was high in control group and low in prediabetic and diabetic patients. Serum creatinine was declined in control group and increased in prediabetic and diabetic patients with increasing Fasting blood glucose level.

scholarly journals Effect of six type II diabetes susceptibility loci and an FTO variant on obesity in Pakistani subjects

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 903-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabana ◽  
Saleem Ullah Shahid ◽  
Ka Wah Li ◽  
Jayshree Acharya ◽  
Jackie A Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Susceptibility Loci ◽  
Diabetes Susceptibility

scholarly journals Comparative Phylogenomic Synteny Network Analysis of Mammalian and Angiosperm Genomes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Zhao ◽  
M. Eric Schranz
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Homeobox Gene ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Parahox Gene ◽  
Family Networks ◽  
Plant Genomes ◽  
Eukaryotic Gene ◽  
Syntenic Gene ◽  
Phylogenetic Profiling

AbstractBackgroundSynteny analysis is a valuable approach for understanding eukaryotic gene and genome evolution, but still relies largely on pairwise or reference-based comparisons. Network approaches can be utilized to expand large-scale phylogenomic microsynteny studies. There is now a wealth of completed mammalian (animal) and angiosperm (plant) genomes, two very important lineages that have evolved and radiated over the last ~170 million years. Genomic organization and conservation differs greatly between these two groups; however, a systematic and comparative characterization of synteny between the two lineages using the same approaches and metrics has not been undertaken.ResultsWe have built complete microsynteny networks for 87 mammalian and 107 angiosperm genomes, which contain 1,464,753 nodes (genes) and 49,426,268 edges (syntenic connections between genes) for mammals, and 2,234,461 nodes and 46,938,272 edges for angiosperms, respectively. Exploiting network statistics, we present the functional characteristics of extremely conserved and diversified gene families. We summarize the features of all syntenic gene clusters and present lineage-wide phylogenetic profiling, revealing intriguing sub-clade lineage-specific clusters. We depict several representative clusters of important developmental genes in humans, such as CENPJ, p53 and NFE2. Finally, we present the complete homeobox gene family networks for both mammals (including Hox and ParaHox gene clusters) and angiosperms.ConclusionsOur results illustrate and quantify overall synteny conservation and diversification properties of all annotated genes for mammals and angiosperms and show that plant genomes are in general more dynamic.

Experimental diabetes mellitus induced by diet in the sand rat

1965 ◽  
Vol 208 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Haines ◽  
D. B. Hackel ◽  
Knut Schmidt-Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Experimental Diabetes ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Experimental Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Sand Rat ◽  
Severe Diabetes ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Purina Laboratory

The sand rat ( Psammomys obesus), a rodent from the Near East and North Africa, becomes diabetic when raised on standard laboratory feeds. Animals collected in their natural habitat, on the other hand, show no signs of diabetes mellitus. Twelve animals were raised in the laboratory on Purina laboratory chow supplemented with fresh vegetables. Most of these animals developed severe diabetes mellitus as indicated by hyperglycemia, glucosuria, and pathological lesions including cataracts, obesity, and ß-cell degranulation and vacuolization of the pancreatic islet tissue. Ten animals raised entirely on fresh vegetables remained healthy with no signs of diabetes. Plasma and urine glucose concentrations, body weights, and the occurrence of cataracts are reported.

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