A Review of Fabrication Technologies for Carbon Electrode-Based Micro-Supercapacitors

The very fast evolution in wearable electronics drives the need for energy storage micro-devices, which have to be flexible. Micro-supercapacitors are of high interest because of their high power density, long cycle lifetime and fast charge and discharge. Recent developments on micro-supercapacitors focus on improving the energy density, overall electrochemical performance, and mechanical properties. In this review, the different types of micro-supercapacitors and configurations are briefly introduced. Then, the advances in carbon electrode materials are presented, including activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, graphene, onion-like carbon, and carbide-derived carbon. The different types of electrolytes used in studies on micro-supercapacitors are also treated, including aqueous, organic, ionic liquid, solid-state, and quasi-solid-state electrolytes. Furthermore, the latest developments in fabrication techniques for micro-supercapacitors, such as different deposition, coating, etching, and printing technologies, are discussed in this review on carbon electrode-based micro-supercapacitors.

Southern corn rust caused by Puccinia polysora Underw: a review

Southern corn rust (SCR) caused by Puccinia polysora Underw is one of the most devastating maize diseases, resulting in substantial yield losses worldwide. The pathogen is an obligate biotrophic parasite that is difficult to culture on artificial media. In recent years, the disease has become prevalent—both globally and in China—and increasing difficult to control because of its wide distribution, long-distance migration, multiple physiological races and fast evolution, all of which have contributed to a considerable increase in the risks of associated epidemics. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of P. polysora, with emphasis on its global distribution (particularly in China), life and disease cycle, population genetics, migration, physiological races, resistance genes in maize and management. Understanding the underlying factors and processes in SCR epidemics should facilitate management of the disease and breeding for resistant maize varieties.

Fast evolution of SARS-CoV-2 driven by deamination systems in hosts

Tweetable abstract As an RNA virus, the fast evolution of SARS-CoV-2 is driven by the extensive RNA deamination by the host cells.

Rapid Evolutionary Adaptation in Response to Selection on Quantitative Traits

Evolutionary adaptation after sudden environmental changes can occur very rapidly. The mechanisms facilitating rapid adaptation range from strong positive directional selection leading to large shifts in the allele frequencies at a few loci (selective sweeps) to polygenic selection causing small changes in allele frequencies at many loci. In addition, combinations of these two extreme mechanisms may also result in fast evolution. In recent years, following reports of new case studies of rapid adaptation, population genetic models have been proposed to explain these observations. In these models, the role of the major selective forces (positive directional and stabilizing selection) is highlighted as well as the genetic architecture of quantitative traits. Furthermore, the factors limiting the speed of adaptation are analyzed, in particular, the effects of random genetic drift and demography due to finite population size.

Hybrid Electric Vehicles: A Review of Existing Configurations and Thermodynamic Cycles

The mobility industry has experienced a fast evolution towards electric-based transport in recent years. Recently, hybrid electric vehicles, which combine electric and conventional combustion systems, have become the most popular alternative by far. This is due to longer autonomy and more extended refueling networks in comparison with the recharging points system, which is still quite limited in some countries. This paper aims to conduct a literature review on thermodynamic models of heat engines used in hybrid electric vehicles and their respective configurations for series, parallel and mixed powertrain. It will discuss the most important models of thermal energy in combustion engines such as the Otto, Atkinson and Miller cycles which are widely used in commercial hybrid electric vehicle models. In short, this work aims at serving as an illustrative but descriptive document, which may be valuable for multiple research and academic purposes.

Review on Technologies Used in Developing a Tool for Automatic Software Upgrades at Data Centers

The fast evolution pace of various technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computing and the world moving towards digitalization created an increased need for data centers than ever before. Data centers support a wide range of internet services, including web hosting, e-commerce, and social networking. In recent years huge data centers have been owned and run by tech giants like Google, Facebook, Microsoft, etc., and these firms are known as Hyper-scalers. Hyper-scalers are the next big thing, ready to fundamentally alter the internet world for data storage through a variety of services supplied by them across all technological domains. The tool for automatic software upgrade focuses on having a seamless upgrade for the devices in the datacenters mainly in huge data centers owned by the hyper-scalers. This paper mainly focuses on the technologies used in developing the tool for automatic software upgrade, an overview of how the tool is developed, and its features. By deploying this tool in the datacenters, it supports them in delivering more efficient services.

The Endobronchial Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor

The inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is a rare tumor described in the literature as a type of inflammatory pseudotumor. It mainly has a pulmonary location but can appear at endobronchial or mediastinal sites on rarely. While it is a benign tumor, it can sometimes be unpredictable due to its invasive characteristic as well as its resurgence after complete excision. We report the case of a patient presenting hemoptysis. The bronchoscopy revealed a bud in the left upper lobe bronchus, and the biopsy pointed to a myofibroblastic tumor. In one month, interval, the bud extended to the left main bronchus, hence the indication of a left pneumonectomy, performed by posterolateral thoracotomy. The study of the operative specimen confirmed the biopsy diagnosis. The particularity of our case is the endobronchial presentation and the fast evolution of this inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, which requires a pneumonectomy.

Artificial intelligence in the modeling of chemical reactions kinetics

The work presents a selection of recent papers in the field of modeling chemical kinetics by the use of artificial intelligence methods. Due to the fact that kinetics of the chemical reaction is the key element of industrial reactor design and analysis, the work is focused on the presentation of the quality of modeling, the assembly of neural network systems and methods of training required to achieve acceptable results. The work covers a wide range of classes of chemical processes and modeling approaches presented by several authors. Because of the fact that the methods of neural networks training require huge amounts of data, many approaches proposed are intrinsically based on classical kinetics modeling like Monte Carlo methods, quantum ab initio models or classical Arrhenius-like approaches using mass balance rate equations. The work does not fully exhaust the area of artificial intelligence because of its very broad scope and very fast evolution, which has been greatly accelerated recently. However, it is a contribution to describing the current state of science in this field.