scholarly journals Measuring protected-area outcomes with leech iDNA: large-scale quantification of vertebrate biodiversity in Ailaoshan reserve

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinqiu Ji ◽  
Christopher CM Baker ◽  
Viorel D Popescu ◽  
Jiaxin Wang ◽  
Chunying Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Management Effectiveness ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Occupancy Modelling ◽  
Species Occupancy ◽  
Domestic Mammal

1AbstractProtected areas are central to meeting biodiversity conservation goals, but measuring their effectiveness is challenging. We address this challenge by using DNA from leech-ingested bloodmeals to estimate vertebrate occupancies across the 677 km2 Ailaoshan reserve in Yunnan, China. 163 park rangers collected 30,468 leeches from 172 patrol areas. We identified 86 vertebrate species, including amphibians, mammals, birds, and squamates. Multi-species occupancy modelling showed that species richness increased with elevation and distance to reserve edge, including the distributions of most of the large mammals (e.g. sambar, black bear, serow, tufted deer). The exceptions were the three domestic mammal species (cows, sheep, goats) and muntjak deer, which were more common at lower elevations. Vertebrate occupancies are a granular, large-scale conservation-outcome measure that can be used to increase management effectiveness and thus to improve the contributions that protected areas make to achieving global biodiversity goals.建立自然保护区是实现生物多样性保护的核心措施, 然而如何评估其保护效率仍然是一 个难题。为了解决这一难题, 我们首次利用蚂蝗吸食血液中的DNA(iDNA)进行了一次 大规模的尝试, 对占地677平方公里的位于中国西南部云南省的哀牢山国家自然保护区进 行了一个全局的脊椎动物多样性的评估。在本研究中, 该保护区被划分成172个巡逻区, 由163位护林员在巡视过程中采集了总共30468只蚂蝗, 在这些蚂蝗的测序数据中, 我们鉴 定得到86个脊椎动物物种, 包括两栖类, 鸟类, 哺乳类, 爬行类。我们的多物种占据模型 分析结果显示:在群落水平, 物 丰富度和群落的平均分布随着海拔的升高而增加, 随着 与保护区边缘的距离的缩短而减少;而在物种水平, 三个家养动物物种(牛, 绵羊, 山 羊)和一个野生动物物种(赤麂)在海拔较低的靠近保护区边缘的地区分布更多, 而绝大 多数大型野生哺乳动物(如水鹿, 黑熊, 苏门羚, 黑麂, 野猪)则呈现相反的趋势, 在较 高海拔, 靠近保护区中央的地区分布更多。本研究的结果显示基于蚂蝗的iDNA技术可以为 评估自然保护区对脊椎动物的保护效率创建一个高效的, 可重复的, 易于被大众接受理解 的, 并且可以被审计的结果指标, 该指标可以用于评估保护区对脊椎动物多样性的保护效 率, 从而确保保护区有助于实现全球生物多样性目标。

scholarly journals Conservation status of chimpanzees Pan troglodytes verus and other large mammals in Liberia: a nationwide survey

Oryx ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clement G. Tweh ◽  
Menladi M. Lormie ◽  
Célestin Y. Kouakou ◽  
Annika Hillers ◽  
Hjalmar S. Kühl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Pan Troglodytes Verus ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
Mammal Species

AbstractLiberia has the largest blocks of continuous forest in West Africa, providing habitat for numerous wildlife species. However, there is a lack of empirical data about the status of Liberia's wildlife populations. During 2010–2012 we conducted the first nationwide survey in Liberia along c. 320 km of systematically located transect lines to estimate the abundance of chimpanzees Pan troglodytes verus, the diversity of large mammals and the nature and degree of anthropogenic threats. With > 7,000 chimpanzees, Liberia is home to the second largest population of West African chimpanzees and is therefore a priority for conservation of the species. Compared to the fragmented populations in other range countries the Liberian population is potentially one of the most viable. Our study revealed that the majority of chimpanzees and some of the most species-diverse mammal communities in Liberia exist outside protected areas. High hunting rates and plans for large-scale exploitation of natural resources necessitate rapid implementation of effective strategies to ensure the protection of one of West Africa's last strongholds for chimpanzees and other rare and threatened mammal species. We provide a country-wide baseline dataset that may serve as a platform for Liberian wildlife authorities, policy-makers and international conservation agencies to make informed decisions about the location and delineation of proposed protected areas, to identify conservation gaps and to devise a conservation action plan to conserve Liberia's wildlife resources.

scholarly journals MAMÍFEROS DE MÉDIO E GRANDE PORTE NA ÁREA DE PROTEÇÃO AMBIENTAL MUNICIPAL DO RIO VERMELHO EM SANTA CATARINA, SUL DO BRASIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 722-737
Author(s):  
Marcelo Hübel ◽  
◽  
Izar Aximoff ◽  
Antonio Carlos de Freitas ◽  
Clarissa Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Santa Catarina State

MEDIUM AND LARGE MAMMALS IN RIO VERMELHO MUNICIPAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AREA, SANTA CATARINA, SOUTHERN BRAZIL: Most studies on medium and large mammals in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest are carried out in areas under full protection (as parks and biological reserves). Considering the continuing threats that the forest remnants are suffering, it is essential to carry out mammal surveys in protected areas for sustainable use. In order to evaluate the species richness and the relative frequency of medium and large mammals in the área de proteção ambiental municipal do Rio Vermelho – APARV (northern Santa Catarina state), methodologies of direct visualization and camera traps were used. The study was conducted from the beginning of 2015 to the end of 2019. In Santa Catarina state, there is only one study which sampling effort is comparable to the present one (7300 night-trap). Thirty-three native mammal species and two alien species (Canis familiaris and Lepus europaeus) were found. The species accumulation curve tended to stabilize at the beginning of the third year. Three species were responsible for more than half of the photographic records (Cerdocyon thous, Eira barbara and Procyon cancrivorus). In total, 33.3% of the species are classified in some category of threat, and three of these species are among the less recorded in Santa Catarina state (Tayassu pecari, Tapirus terrestris and Mazama nana). Our survey added 18 new occurrences to the APARV management plan. Only two of the 18 mammal surveys carried out previously in the Santa Catarina state recorded more species than our study. This is the second survey which was carried out in protected areas for sustainable use in Santa Catarina state. Our study contributes to the important knowledge that can be used in conservation measures. In this way, the APARV plays a fundamental role for the conservation of the Atlantic Forest mammals, constituting an important area favoring the population movements of mammals.

scholarly journals Coexistence of large mammals and humans is possible in Europe’s anthropogenic landscapes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Cretois ◽  
John D C Linnell ◽  
Bram Van Moorter ◽  
Petra Kaczensky ◽  
Erlend B. Nilsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
Anthropogenic Landscapes ◽  
Human Land Use ◽  
Human Footprint ◽  
Broad Scale

A critical question in the conservation of both large carnivores and wild ungulates is where they are able to live. In Europe, large mammals have persisted, and recently expanded, alongside humans for millennia, but surprisingly little quantitative data is available about large scale effects of human disturbance on their broad scale distribution. In this study, we quantify the relative importance of human land use and protected areas as opposed to biophysical constraints on large mammal distribution. We demonstrate that the broad scale distribution of most large mammals in Europe includes areas of high to very high human disturbance and is primarily driven by environmental variables rather than the human footprint or the presence of protected areas. We argue that coexistence between large mammals and humans is primarily determined by the willingness of humans to share multi-use landscapes with wildlife rather than the ability of wildlife to tolerate humans.

scholarly journals Role of African protected areas in maintaining connectivity for large mammals

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1643) ◽  
pp. 20130193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Wegmann ◽  
Luca Santini ◽  
Benjamin Leutner ◽  
Kamran Safi ◽  
Duccio Rocchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Ecological Processes

The African protected area (PA) network has the potential to act as a set of functionally interconnected patches that conserve meta-populations of mammal species, but individual PAs are vulnerable to habitat change which may disrupt connectivity and increase extinction risk. Individual PAs have different roles in maintaining connectivity, depending on their size and location. We measured their contribution to network connectivity (irreplaceability) for carnivores and ungulates and combined it with a measure of vulnerability based on a 30-year trend in remotely sensed vegetation cover (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index). Highly irreplaceable PAs occurred mainly in southern and eastern Africa. Vegetation cover change was generally faster outside than inside PAs and particularly so in southern Africa. The extent of change increased with the distance from PAs. About 5% of highly irreplaceable PAs experienced a faster vegetation cover loss than their surroundings, thus requiring particular conservation attention. Our analysis identified PAs at risk whose isolation would disrupt the connectivity of the PA network for large mammals. This is an example of how ecological spatial modelling can be combined with large-scale remote sensing data to investigate how land cover change may affect ecological processes and species conservation.

Characterising essential breeding habitat for whales informs the development of large-scale Marine Protected Areas in the South Pacific

2016 ◽  
Vol 548 ◽  
pp. 263-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
RE Lindsay ◽  
R Constantine ◽  
J Robbins ◽  
DK Mattila ◽  
A Tagarino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
The South

(A review) Atlas of especially protected natural areas of Saint Petersburg / Ed. in chief V. N. Khramtsov, T. V. Kovaleva, N. Yu. Natsvaladze. St. Petersburg, 2013. 176 p.

2014 ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
Z. V. Karamysheva
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Natural Protected Areas ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Original Illustrations ◽  
Vegetation Maps ◽  
Protected Natural Areas

The review contains detailed description of the «Atlas of especially protected natural areas of Saint Petersburg» published in 2013. This publication presents the results of long-term studies of 12 natural protected areas made by a large research team in the years from 2002 to 2013 (see References). The Atlas contains a large number of the historical maps, new satellite images, the original illustrations, detailed texts on the nature of protected areas, summary tables of rare species of vascular plants, fungi and vertebrates recorded in these areas. Special attention is paid to the principles of thematic large-scale mapping. The landscape maps, the vegetation maps as well as the maps of natural processes in landscapes are included. Reviewed Atlas deserves the highest praise.

Effectiveness of Protected Areas in Conserving the Highly Hunted Mammal Species as Bushmeat in Southern Benin

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
Chabi A.M.S. Djagoun ◽  
Etotépé A. Sogbohossou ◽  
Barthélémy Kassa ◽  
Christian B. Ahouandjinou ◽  
Hugues A. Akpona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Occupancy Model ◽  
Habitat Occupancy ◽  
Anthropogenic Habitat ◽  
Lama Forest

Background: The habitat degradation together with fragmentation and illegal hunting represent a major threat for biodiversity conservation in Lama protected areas. Method: We used a combination of questionnaire survey with local communities for ranking the hunted mammal species as bushmeat and track surveys in gridded-cell system of 500x500 m2 (n=268) to assess at what extend the management design, the anthropogenic factors and habitat type affect the occupancy model of those mammal species. Results: Twenty mammal species have been predominantly reported by the local inhabitants to consume bushmeat species and 5 of them have been identified as the most preferable as hunted game mammals. The selection of the preferred habitat among the swampy forest, the dense forest, the tree plantations and cropland for the prioritized game species varies between species but looks similar when grouping in different orders. Some bushmeat species were found to select the more secure habitat (natural forest); suggesting the zoning system in the Lama forest can passively protect those species. However, some species such as T. swinderianus although highly hunted showed preference to anthropogenic habitat, avoiding the well secured core zone in Lama Forest. Conclusion: Our findings highlighted the importance of the zoning system with different management objectives in the habitat occupancy model of the highly hunted wildlife species.

scholarly journals Remote Sensing Methods for the Biophysical Characterization of Protected Areas Globally: Challenges and Opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Javier Martínez-López ◽  
Bastian Bertzky ◽  
Simon Willcock ◽  
Marine Robuchon ◽  
María Almagro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Biophysical Characterization ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Scale Characterization

Protected areas (PAs) are a key strategy to reverse global biodiversity declines, but they are under increasing pressure from anthropogenic activities and concomitant effects. Thus, the heterogeneous landscapes within PAs, containing a number of different habitats and ecosystem types, are in various degrees of disturbance. Characterizing habitats and ecosystems within the global protected area network requires large-scale monitoring over long time scales. This study reviews methods for the biophysical characterization of terrestrial PAs at a global scale by means of remote sensing (RS) and provides further recommendations. To this end, we first discuss the importance of taking into account the structural and functional attributes, as well as integrating a broad spectrum of variables, to account for the different ecosystem and habitat types within PAs, considering examples at local and regional scales. We then discuss potential variables, challenges and limitations of existing global environmental stratifications, as well as the biophysical characterization of PAs, and finally offer some recommendations. Computational and interoperability issues are also discussed, as well as the potential of cloud-based platforms linked to earth observations to support large-scale characterization of PAs. Using RS to characterize PAs globally is a crucial approach to help ensure sustainable development, but it requires further work before such studies are able to inform large-scale conservation actions. This study proposes 14 recommendations in order to improve existing initiatives to biophysically characterize PAs at a global scale.

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