Allelic differences of clustered terpene synthases contribute to correlated intra-specific variation of floral and herbivory-induced volatiles in a wild tobacco

SummaryPlant volatile emissions can recruit predators of herbivores for indirect defence and attract pollinators to aid in pollination. Although volatiles involved in defence and pollinator attraction are primarily emitted from leaves and flowers, respectively, they will co-evolve if their underlying genetic basis is intrinsically linked, either due to pleiotropy or genetic linkage. However, direct evidence of co-evolving defence and floral traits is scarce.We characterized intra-specific variation of herbivory-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), the key components of indirect defence against herbivores, and floral volatiles in the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata.We found that variation of (E)-β-ocimene and (E)-α-bergamotene contributed to the correlated changes in HIPVs and floral volatiles among N. attenuata natural accessions. Intra-specific variations of (E)-β-ocimene and (E)-α-bergamotene emissions resulted from allelic variation of two genetically co-localized terpene synthase genes, NaTPS25 and NaTPS38 respectively.Analyzing haplotypes of NaTPS25 and NaTPS38 revealed that allelic variations of NaTPS25 and NaTPS38 resulted in correlated changes of (E)-β-ocimene and (E)-α-bergamotene emission in HIPVs and floral volatiles in N. attenuata.Together, these results provide evidence that pleiotropy and genetic linkage result in correlated changes in defences and floral signals in natural populations, and the evolution of plant volatiles is likely under diffuse selection.

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Hawkmoths evaluate scenting flowers with the tip of their proboscis

eLife ◽

10.7554/elife.15039 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Alexander Haverkamp ◽

Felipe Yon ◽

Ian W Keesey ◽

Christine Mißbach ◽

Christopher Koenig ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wind Tunnel ◽

Manduca Sexta ◽

Ecosystem Service ◽

Floral Scent ◽

Nicotiana Attenuata ◽

Floral Volatiles ◽

Pollen Transfer ◽

Olfactory Neurons ◽

Molecular Analyses ◽

Choice Tests

Pollination by insects is essential to many ecosystems. Previously, we have shown that floral scent is important to mediate pollen transfer between plants (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib16">Kessler et al., 2015</xref>). Yet, the mechanisms by which pollinators evaluate volatiles of single flowers remained unclear. Here, Nicotiana attenuata plants, in which floral volatiles have been genetically silenced and its hawkmoth pollinator, Manduca sexta, were used in semi-natural tent and wind-tunnel assays to explore the function of floral scent. We found that floral scent functions to increase the fitness of individual flowers not only by increasing detectability but also by enhancing the pollinator's foraging efforts. Combining proboscis choice tests with neurophysiological, anatomical and molecular analyses we show that this effect is governed by newly discovered olfactory neurons on the tip of the moth's proboscis. With the tip of their tongue, pollinators assess the advertisement of individual flowers, an ability essential for maintaining this important ecosystem service.

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ntra-species profiling of Cleome viscosa growing in Swat district (Pakistan)

Biosystems Diversity ◽

10.15421/011808 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 52-55

Author(s):

N. Muhammad ◽

S. F. Wadood ◽

W. Khan ◽

N. Ali ◽

M. Nisar

Keyword(s):

Allelic Variation ◽

Lower Surface ◽

Protein Profiling ◽

Yellow Colour ◽

As Species ◽

Sds Page ◽

Specific Variation ◽

Species Specific ◽

High Level ◽

Cleome Viscosa

Intra-specific genetic variation was studied in 28 genotypes of Cleome viscosa L. growing in Swat district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It was found that genotypes showed the utmost allelic variation for leaf upper and lower surface with emerald green (75%), and yellow green (75%) respectively, other leaves lower and upper surfaces were (25%) green and yellow green (26%) respectively. The majority of C. viscosa genotypes were (50%) yellow flowers while others were with (29%) white yellow colour and (21%) dull yellow. Most of the seeds were with black (46%). The protein profiling was carried out on 12% gel electrophoresis; seven reproducible bands with molecular weight ranges from 180 to 10 KDa were detected in C. viscosa, the locus contribution toward genetic disagreement (LCTGD) of C. viscosa was 57%. Notably, L-3, L-4 L-5, was monomorphic in C. viscosa and was treated as species specific. L-1, L-2, L-7 were polymorphic. These bands showed 79%, 4%, 14% and 79% variation respectively. In the current investigation the intra-specific variation was observed limited and alone SDS-PAGE did not determine the high level of intra-specific variation; however, diverse germplasm were suggested to be acquired from various sources.

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Characterization of Terpene Synthase from Tea Green Leafhopper Being Involved in Formation of Geraniol in Tea (Camellia sinensis) Leaves and Potential Effect of Geraniol on Insect-Derived Endobacteria

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom9120808 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 808 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ying Zhou ◽

Xiaoyu Liu ◽

Ziyin Yang

Keyword(s):

Plant Volatiles ◽

Mechanical Damage ◽

Potential Effect ◽

Crop Plants ◽

Terpene Synthase ◽

Tea Leaves ◽

Geraniol Synthase ◽

Green Leafhopper ◽

Major Pest

When insects attack plants, insect-derived elicitors and mechanical damage induce the formation and emission of plant volatiles that have important ecological functions and flavor properties. These events have mainly been studied in model plants, rather than crop plants. Our study showed that tea green leafhopper (Empoasca (Matsumurasca) onukii Matsuda), a major pest infesting tea attack significantly induced the emission of geraniol from tea leaves, but did not affect the crude enzyme activity of geraniol synthase in tea leaves. An enzyme extract of E. (M.) onukii specifically produced geraniol from geraniol diphosphate. Furthermore, a terpene synthase (EoTPS) was isolated from E. (M.) onukii. This terpene synthase was able to convert geraniol diphosphate to geraniol in vitro. In addition, geraniol had in vitro ability to inhibit the growth of Acinetobacter johnsonii that is endobacterial isolated from E. (M.) onukii. This information illustrates that elicitors from piercing-sucking insects can induce the formation of volatiles from crop plants and advances our understanding of the roles of plant volatiles in the interaction among crops-insects-microorganisms.

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Floral Volatiles for Pollinator Attraction and Speciation in Sexually Deceptive Orchids

Biology of Plant Volatiles ◽

10.1201/9780429455612-18 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 271-295

Author(s):

Rod Peakall ◽

Darren C. J. Wong ◽

Björn Bohman ◽

Gavin R. Flematti ◽

Eran Pichersky

Keyword(s):

Floral Volatiles ◽

Pollinator Attraction ◽

Sexually Deceptive Orchids

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The formation and function of plant volatiles: perfumes for pollinator attraction and defense

Current Opinion in Plant Biology ◽

10.1016/s1369-5266(02)00251-0 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 237-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 606

Author(s):

Eran Pichersky ◽

Jonathan Gershenzon

Keyword(s):

Plant Volatiles ◽

Pollinator Attraction ◽

And Function

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Development of microsatellite markers in Fragaria, their use in genetic diversity analysis, and their potential for genetic linkage mapping

Genome ◽

10.1139/g03-142 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 429-438 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

A M Hadonou ◽

D J Sargent ◽

F Wilson ◽

C M James ◽

D W Simpson

Keyword(s):

Linkage Mapping ◽

Genetic Linkage ◽

Genomic Library ◽

Allelic Variation ◽

Diversity Analysis ◽

Preliminary Survey ◽

Fragaria Ananassa ◽

Perennial Species ◽

Genetic Fingerprinting ◽

Fragaria Species

We have developed 21 new microsatellites in the model diploid perennial species Fragaria vesca from an enriched genomic library developed using F. vesca 'Ruegen'. The transferability of the primer pairs to other Fragaria species was high; all 31 primer pairs produced amplicons in 3 accessions of the octoploid strawberry Fragaria × ananassa, whereas 24 (77%) amplified a product in 7 other diploid Fragaria species. We analysed the allelic variation among 15 F. vesca accessions using the 21 microsatellites reported here and 10 F. vesca microsatellites described previously. The level of polymorphism detected at these microsatellite loci was high; five loci were monomorphic. Only two microsatellites were required to unambiguously discriminate among the 15 F. vesca accessions. A preliminary survey of segregation in an F2 progeny indicates that 20 of the 26 polymorphic loci (77%) could be mapped.Key words: Fragaria, genetic fingerprinting, microsatellites.

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Genetic control of gene expression and splicing in the developing human brain

10.1101/471193 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rebecca L. Walker ◽

Gokul Ramaswami ◽

Christopher Hartl ◽

Nicholas Mancuso ◽

Michael J. Gandal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Human Brain ◽

Brain Development ◽

Genetic Control ◽

Allelic Variation ◽

Fetal Brain ◽

The Body ◽

List Type ◽

Control Of Gene Expression ◽

Neuropsychiatric Diseases

SummaryMost genetic risk for human diseases lies within non-coding regions of the genome, which is predicted to regulate gene expression, often in a tissue and stage specific manner. This has motivated building of extensive eQTL resources to understand how human allelic variation affects gene expression and splicing throughout the body, focusing primarily on adult tissue. Given the importance of regulatory pathways during brain development, we characterize the genetic control of the developing human cerebral cortical transcriptome, including expression and splicing, in 201 mid-gestational human brains, to understand how common allelic variation affects gene regulation during development. We leverage expression and splice quantitative trait loci to identify genes and isoforms relevant to neuropsychiatric disorders and brain volume. These findings demonstrate genetic mechanisms by which early developmental events have a striking and widespread influence on adult anatomical and behavioral phenotypes, as well as the evolution of the human cerebral cortex.HighlightsGenome wide map of human fetal brain eQTLs and sQTLs provides a new view of genetic control of expression and splicing.There is substantial contrast between genetic control of transcript regulation in mature versus developing brain.We identify novel regulatory regions specific to fetal brain development.Integration of eQTLs and GWAS reveals specific relationships between expression and disease risk for neuropsychiatric diseases and relevant human brain phenotypes.

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