scholarly journals The preservation of ancient DNA in archaeological fish bone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giada Ferrari ◽  
Angelica Cuevas ◽  
Agata T. Gondek-Wyrozemska ◽  
Rachel Ballantyne ◽  
Oliver Kersten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Ancient Dna ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Fish Bone ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Library Preparation ◽  
Excavation Site ◽  
Bone Physiology

AbstractThe field of ancient DNA is taxonomically dominated by studies focusing on mammals. This taxonomic bias limits our understanding of endogenous DNA preservation for vertebrate taxa with different bone physiology, such as teleost fish. In contrast to most mammalian bone, teleost bone is typically brittle, porous, lightweight and is characterized by a lack of bone remodeling during growth. Using high-throughput shotgun sequencing, we here investigate the preservation of DNA in a range of different bone elements from over 200 archaeological Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) specimens from 38 sites in northern Europe, dating up to 8000 years before present. We observe that the majority of archaeological sites (79%) yield endogenous DNA, with 40% of sites providing samples that contain high levels (> 20%). Library preparation success and levels of endogenous DNA depend mainly on excavation site and pre-extraction laboratory treatment. The use of pre-extraction treatments lowers the rate of library success, although — if successful — the fraction of endogenous DNA can be improved by several orders of magnitude. This trade-off between library preparation success and levels of endogenous DNA allows for alternative extraction strategies depending on the requirements of down-stream analyses and research questions. Finally, we find that — in contrast to mammalian bones — different fish bone elements yield similar levels of endogenous DNA. Our results highlight the overall suitability of archaeological fish bone as a source for ancient DNA and provide novel evidence for a possible role of bone remodeling in the preservation of endogenous DNA across different classes of vertebrates.

scholarly journals Finny Merchandise: The Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) Trade in Gold Rush–Era San Francisco, California

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyler Conrad ◽  
Upuli DeSilva ◽  
Brittany Bingham ◽  
Brian Kemp ◽  
Kenneth W. Gobalet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Ancient Dna ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gold Rush ◽  
Pacific Cod ◽  
Deep Waters

During California’s Gold Rush of 1849–1855, thousands of miners rushed to San Francisco, Sacramento, and elsewhere throughout northern California, creating a significant demand for food. Here we investigate the role of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and Pacific cod (G. macrocephalus) during the Gold Rush era using historical records, ancient DNA, and vertebral morphology in the cod assemblage recovered from Thompson’s Cove (CA-SFR-186H), a Gold Rush–era site in San Francisco. From the 18 cod bones recovered from Thompson’s Cove, our analysis of five specimens for ancient DNA indicates that Atlantic cod were imported during the 1850s, likely as a (largely) deboned, dried and salted product from the East Coast of the United States. Curiously, while locally available in very deep waters off the California coast, Pacific cod were minimally fished during the 1850s and became abundantly available in the 1860s after an Alaska-based fishery developed.

The Role of Circulating Catecholamines in the Ventilatory and Hypertensive Responses to Hypoxia in the Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua)

1991 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1087-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Kinkead ◽  
Regina Fritsche ◽  
Steve F. Perry ◽  
Stefan Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod

The role of spawning stock in formation of recruitment of northeast atlantic cod Gadus morhua

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Borisov ◽  
A. A. Elizarov ◽  
V. D. Nesterov
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Northeast Atlantic ◽  
Spawning Stock

Covariation between grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) abundance and natural mortality of cod (Gadus morhua) in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1991-2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
G A Chouinard ◽  
D P Swain ◽  
M O Hammill ◽  
G A Poirier
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Halichoerus Grypus ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Grey Seal ◽  
Synthetic Populations ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Abundance Indices

More than 10 years after the collapse of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) fisheries in Canada, the role of increased seal populations in the decline and lack of recovery of the stocks continues to be discussed. Using removals and abundance indices from synthetic populations, we found that sequential population analysis can uncover trends in natural mortality. We used this approach to examine variation in natural mortality (M) of southern Gulf of St. Lawrence cod. M increased from the late 1970s to the mid-1990s but declined slightly recently. Results were consistent with previous work indicating that M increased in the 1980s. Changes in estimated M for this cod stock matched fluctuations in grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) abundance. The increase in grey seal abundance from the late 1970s to the mid-1990s corresponded with the increase in estimated M of cod over this time period. The correspondence between seal abundance and M of cod supports the hypothesis that seal predation may be a cause of increased M. However, the diet information available suggests that seals consume mainly juvenile cod, whereas our evidence for an increase in M is for larger cod (ages 3 years and older).

scholarly journals Impacts of regular and random noise on the behaviour, growth and development of larval Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua )

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1817) ◽  
pp. 20151943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie L. Nedelec ◽  
Stephen D. Simpson ◽  
Erica L. Morley ◽  
Brendan Nedelec ◽  
Andrew N. Radford
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Acoustic Noise ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Body Width ◽  
Sound Levels

Anthropogenic noise impacts behaviour and physiology in many species, but responses could change with repeat exposures. As repeat exposures can vary in regularity, identifying regimes with less impact is important for regulation. We use a 16-day split-brood experiment to compare effects of regular and random acoustic noise (playbacks of recordings of ships), relative to ambient-noise controls, on behaviour, growth and development of larval Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ). Short-term noise caused startle responses in newly hatched fish, irrespective of rearing noise. Two days of both regular and random noise regimes reduced growth, while regular noise led to faster yolk sac use. After 16 days, growth in all three sound treatments converged, although fish exposed to regular noise had lower body width–length ratios. Larvae with lower body width–length ratios were easier to catch in a predator-avoidance experiment. Our results demonstrate that the timing of acoustic disturbances can impact survival-related measures during development. Much current work focuses on sound levels, but future studies should consider the role of noise regularity and its importance for noise management and mitigation measures.

Ancient DNA Identification of Giant Snakehead (Channa micropeltes) Remains from the Market Street Chinatown and Some Implications for the Nineteenth-Century Pacific World Fish Trade

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
J. Ryan Kennedy ◽  
Brittany Bingham ◽  
Mary Faith Flores ◽  
Brian M. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Ancient Dna ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Chinese Diaspora ◽  
Pacific World ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Chinese Migration

This study presents the results of ancient DNA analyses of eight snakehead (Channa sp.) bones from the Market Street Chinatown, a nineteenth-century Chinese diaspora archaeological site in San Jose, California. The sequences of a short stretch of the mitochondrial DNA identify the Market Street Chinatown snakeheads as Giant Snakehead (Channa micropeltes), a species native to Southeast Asia. These results provide the first archaeological evidence of the nineteenth-century trade of Asian freshwater fishes to North America, and they reveal that preserved fish products from throughout the Pacific World were readily distributed across the Chinese diaspora. We place our findings within the broader context of nineteenth-century Chinese migration to show how the common Chinese small shareholding business model and access to trade connections facilitated by Chinese-operated import/export firms known as jinshanzhuang allowed Chinese fishers to be successful across the Pacific World. Finally, we suggest avenues for future study by comparing Chinese migration-based, flexible fishing strategies using generalist methods with the highly specialized collection and trade of species like Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) in the North Atlantic.

The role of seasonally altering photoperiod in regulating physiology in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Part I. Sexual maturation

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Davie ◽  
Mark JR Porter ◽  
Niall R Bromage ◽  
Herve Migaud
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Continuous Illumination ◽  
Natural Photoperiod ◽  
Artificial Photoperiod ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Photoperiod Manipulation

While the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) displays clear seasonality in its reproductive cycle, the exact photic signal that entrains this rhythm is yet undefined. This present work developed a model to describe the photic regulation of reproduction in the species in comparison with other commercially important temperate teleosts. This was achieved through the strategic masking of the natural photoperiod cycle during the first 2 years of life with the application of continuous illumination. The results demonstrated that it is the falling autumnal photoperiod signal after the summer solstice, more specifically after October, that is responsible for recruiting individuals to enter the sexual maturation cycle. Furthermore, in all treatments where this signal was masked through the application of continuous illumination, there was no significant reproductive activity and growth was improved by up to 60% at 27 months posthatch. This information is of particular value to the developing cod aquaculture industry in which the management of reproduction using artificial photoperiod manipulation will be of vital economic importance.

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