scholarly journals A pathway of NADPH diaphorase positivity between central canal and pial surface at anterior fissure in spinal cord: Supra fissure area with hypothesis configuring from dog, rat, monkey and pigeon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunge Jia ◽  
Yinhua Li ◽  
Wei Hou ◽  
Fuhong Li ◽  
Haoran Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Anterior Commissure ◽  
Central Canal ◽  
Nadph Diaphorase ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Enzyme Histology ◽  
Aged Monkey ◽  
Anterior Median

ABSTRACTThe spinal cord is a cylinder structure in the vertebra and thought a simplified with the gray matter and white matter. Rexed lamination for the gray matter and regional sub-division for whiter matter are completely termed to date. Anterior commissure locates between the central canal and the anterior median fissure. However, some experimental data may still confront with new confined anatomical interpretation. By using NADPH diaphorase [N-d] enzyme histology, we found a vertical oriented neuronal pathway between the central canal and the anterior median fissure in the sacral spinal cord of young adult and aged dog. We used a term “supra fissure area” [SFA] to illustrate the region which consisted of the gray commissure and anterior white commissure. The N-d pathway was notably observable in aged animals. The vertical neurites revealed the cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] contacting neurites between the anterior median fissure and the central canal. We further examined the monkey, rat and pigeon in the region for better understanding of the structure and potential function. The neurodegeneration of N-d dystrophy was detected in the [SFA] in the thoracic spinal cord of the aged monkey. N-d positive fibers were detected in anterior fissure of the rat spinal cord. N-d fibrous structures were also detected in the pigeon spinal cord. These results suggested a new pathway of CSF contacting neurons and the neuronal communications about the central canal.

Histopathology of experimental hematomyelia

1991 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 911-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Milhorat ◽  
David E. Adler ◽  
Ian M. Heger ◽  
John I. Miller ◽  
Joanna R. Hollenberg-Sher
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Central Canal ◽  
Microglial Cells ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Cellular Debris ◽  
Dorsal Columns

✓ The pathology of hematomyelia was examined in 35 rats following the stereotactic injection of 2 µl blood into the dorsal columns of the thoracic spinal cord. This experimental model produced a small ball-hemorrhage without associated neurological deficits or significant tissue injury. Histological sections of the whole spinal cord were studied at intervals ranging from 2 hours to 4 months after injection. In acute experiments (2 to 6 hours postinjection), blood was sometimes seen within the lumen of the central canal extending rostrally to the level of the fourth ventricle. Between 24 hours and 3 days, the parenchymal hematoma became consolidated and there was an intense proliferation of microglial cells at the perimeter of the lesion. The cells invaded the hematoma, infiltrated its core, and removed erythrocytes by phagocytosis. Rostral to the lesion, the lumen of the central canal was found to contain varying amounts of fibrin, proteinaceous material, and cellular debris for up to 15 days. These findings were much less prominent in the segments of the canal caudal to the lesion. Healing of the parenchymal hematoma was usually complete within 4 to 6 weeks except for residual hemosiderin-laden microglial cells and focal gliosis at the lesion site. It is concluded that the clearance of atraumatic hematomyelia probably involves two primary mechanisms: 1) phagocytosis of the focal hemorrhage by microglial cells; and 2) drainage of blood products in a rostral direction through the central canal of the spinal cord.

scholarly journals Association Between Thoracic Spinal Cord Gray Matter Atrophy and Disability in Multiple Sclerosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Schlaeger ◽  
Nico Papinutto ◽  
Alyssa H. Zhu ◽  
Iryna V. Lobach ◽  
Carolyn J. Bevan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Gray Matter Atrophy ◽  
Thoracic Spinal

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of NADPH-diaphorase positive neurons in the rat, rabbit and pheasant thoracic spinal cord. A histochemical study

10.4081/1634 ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Kluchová ◽  
S Rybárová ◽  
M Miklosová ◽  
K Lovásová ◽  
K Schmidtová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Nadph Diaphorase ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal

Microangioarchitecture of the feline spinal cord

1987 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Naka ◽  
Toru Itakura ◽  
Kunio Nakai ◽  
Kazuo Nakakita ◽  
Harumichi Imai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Anterior Spinal Artery ◽  
Corrosion Casts ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Anterior Median

✓ The microangioarchitecture of corrosion casts of the cat spinal cord was studied by scanning electron microscopy. On the ventral surface of the spinal cord, the anterior spinal artery and the anterior spinal vein ran parallel along the anterior median fissure. Many central arteries branching from the anterior spinal artery coursed in a wavelike manner in the anterior median fissure. The number of central arteries was lowest in the thoracic spinal cord. Central arteries at some spinal cord levels revealed well-developed anastomoses with other central arteries in the anterior median fissure. These well-developed anastomotic central arteries were frequently observed in the thoracic spinal cord, in which the number of central arteries was lowest. On the dorsal surface of the spinal cord, the posterior spinal vein ran longitudinally at the midline and was drained by circumferential veins and posterior central veins. This vein formed a characteristic anastomotic plexus. Small arterioles (20 µm in diameter) in the spinal parenchyma revealed a ring-like compression at the branching site.

Effects of epidural hypothermic saline infusion on locomotor outcome and tissue preservation after moderate thoracic spinal cord contusion in rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos E. Casas ◽  
Loren P. Herrera ◽  
Chad Prusmack ◽  
Gladys Ruenes ◽  
Alexander Marcillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Spinal Cord Contusion ◽  
Tissue Sparing ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Regionally delivered hypothermia has advantages over systemic hypothermia for clinical application following spinal cord injury (SCI). The effects of local hypothermia on tissue sparing, neuronal preservation, and locomotor outcome were studied in a moderate thoracic spinal cord contusion model. Methods. Rats were randomized to four treatment groups and data were collected and analyzed in a blinded fashion. Chilled saline was perfused into the epidural space 30 minutes postcontusion to achieve the following epidural temperatures: 24 ± 2.3°C (16 rats), 30 ± 2.4°C (13 rats), and 35 ± 0.9°C (13 rats). Hypothermia was continued for 3 hours when a 45-minute period of rewarming was instituted. In a fourth group a moderate contusion only was induced in 14 animals. Rectal (core) and T9–10 (epidural) temperatures were measured continuously. Locomotor testing, using the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (Ba-Be-Br) scale, was performed for 6 weeks, and rats were videotaped for subsequent analysis. The lesion/preserved tissue ratio was calculated throughout the entire lesion cavity and the total lesion, spinal cord, and spared tissue volumes were determined. The rostral and caudal extent of gray matter loss was also measured. At 6 weeks locomotor recovery was similar in all groups (mean Ba-Be-Br Scale scores 14.88 ± 3.71, 14.83 ± 2.81, 14.50 ± 2.24, and 14.07 ± 2.39 [p = 0.77] for all four groups, respectively). No significant differences in spared tissue volumes were found when control and treatment groups were compared, but gray matter preservation was reduced in the infusion-treated groups. Conclusions. Regional cooling applied 30 minutes after a moderate contusive SCI was not beneficial in terms of tissue sparing, neuronal preservation, or locomotor outcome. This method of cooling may reduce blood flow in the injured spinal cord and exacerbate secondary injury.

scholarly journals Anomalous Development of the Spinal Cord in a Calf

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bradley ◽  
F. D. Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Central Canal ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Inflammatory Lesions ◽  
Bull Calf ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Extended Range

A full term Friesian bull calf was born unable to stand. The dam had no signs of illness during pregnancy. In the thoracic spinal cord there was anomalous development of the central canal and a dorsally placed fusiform and longitudinal dilatation. Mild inflammatory lesions were seen in some body organs and central nervous system where they were suggestive of viral infection. Several skeletal muscles had an extended range of muscle cell cross sectional areas and some cells had numerous internal nuclei.

scholarly journals Acute Polyradiculomyelitis With Spinal Cord Gray Matter Lesions: A Report of Two Cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charidimos Tsagkas ◽  
Maria Janina Wendebourg ◽  
Matthias Mehling ◽  
Johannes Lorscheider ◽  
Philippe Lyrer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Bowel Dysfunction ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Spinal Cord Lesions ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal

Objective: Inflammatory polyradiculomyelitis belongs to a rare group of immune-mediated diseases affecting both the central and peripheral nervous system. We aimed to describe an unusual presentation of acute polyradiculomyelitis with marked spinal cord lesions restricted to the gray matter.Methods: Thorough examination of two case reports including clinical, MRI, serologic, electrophysiologic and CSF examinations as well as short-term follow-up.Results: We present two adult patients with acute polyradiculomyelitis and unusual spinal cord lesions restricted to the gray matter on MRI. The clinical presentation, serologic, electrophysiologic and CSF features of the two patients varied, whereas both patients demonstrated severe, asymmetrical, predominantly distal, motor deficits of the lower extremities as well as bladder and bowel dysfunction. Both patients only partially responded to anti-inflammatory treatment. Severe motor impairment and bladder dysfunction persisted even months after symptom onset.Conclusions: To our best of knowledge, these are the first reports of acute polyradiculomyelitis with distinct involvement of the lower thoracic spinal cord gray matter. Currently, it remains unclear whether gray matter lesions reflect a separate pathophysiologic mechanism or an exceedingly rare presentation of spinal cord involvement in acute polyradiculomyelitis.

Regional spinal cord blood flow in primates

1976 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 647-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan N. Sandler ◽  
Charles H. Tator
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Spinal Cord Blood Flow ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Thoracic Spinal

✓ Spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) was measured in the primate thoracic spinal cord using the 14C-antipyrine autoradiographic technique that allowed clear differentiation between white and gray matter blood flow. Individual SCBF values were obtained for 0.1-sq mm areas of the thoracic cord cross section. White matter blood flow was homogeneous throughout with a mean value of 10.3 ± 0.2 ml/100 gm/min. Graymatter flow was more variable with lower values in the dorsal horns and higher values in the central gray and anterior horns. Mean gray-matter flow was 57.6 ± 2.3 ml/100 gm/min. Arterial pO2 was 123 ± 2 torr, pCO2 was 40.2 ± 0.5 torr and pH was 7.327 ± 0.010. Mean arterial blood pressure was 113 ± 3 mm Hg and core temperature was 36.4° ± 0.1° C.

Methylprednisolone and Interleukin-10 Reduce Gray Matter Damage in the Contused Fischer Rat Thoracic Spinal Cord but Do Not Improve Functional Outcome

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 653-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiro Takami ◽  
Martin Oudega ◽  
John R. Bethea ◽  
Patrick M. Wood ◽  
Naomi Kleitman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document