scholarly journals A burning question: Can natural climate solutions and carbon financing save the lion from extinction?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy H. Tear ◽  
Nicholas H. Wolff ◽  
Geoffrey J. Lipsett-Moore ◽  
Mark E. Ritchie ◽  
Natasha S. Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Panthera Leo ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Pilot Projects ◽  
Single Method ◽  
Avoided Emissions ◽  
Natural Climate ◽  
Funding Gap ◽  
Potential Carbon

AbstractLions (Panthera leo) in Africa have lost nearly half their population in just the last two decades, and effective management of the protected areas where lions live will cost an estimated USD $1 B/year in new funding. We explore the potential for natural climate solutions to fill this funding gap by introducing early dry season fire management programs to generate carbon credits. Potential carbon revenue from a single method (avoided emissions) or from multiple sequestration methods could provide annual revenue of USD $59.6-$655.9 M (at USD $5/ton) or USD $155.0 M–$1.7 B (at USD $13/ton). The top twenty PAs with lions and the greatest PCR could generate annually between USD $2.0–$57.5 M per PA, and PAs with the greatest potential for lion numbers between USD $1.5–$44.4 M per PA. We highlight priorities for investments and pilot projects to realize this potential in Africa.

scholarly journals ANALYZING TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL TRENDS IN MANAGEMENT PLANS OF FEDERAL PROTECTED AREAS IN BRAZIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (04) ◽  
pp. 846-854
Author(s):  
Alessandro Ribeiro Morais ◽  
◽  
Mariana Nascimento Siqueira ◽  
Roniel Freitas-Oliveira ◽  
Daniel Brito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Group B

Protected areas are the most frequently used tool for the mitigation of threats to biodiversity. However, without effective management, the creation of new protected areas may be ineffective. In Brazil, protected areas must have both a governing body (consultative or deliberative council) and an official management plan. Here, we analyzed general trends and patterns in the approval of the management plans for Brazilian federal protected areas. We considered all federal protected areas, and compiled data on (i) the year the area was created, (ii) the type of protected area (integral protection vs. sustainable use), (iii) year its management plan was approved, (iv) year in which the management plan was revised after its approval, (v) total area (in hectares), and (vi) the biome in which the area is located. We stablished three groups of protected area: 1) Group A: protected areas created prior to 1979, 2) Group B: protected areas created between 1979 and 1999, and 3) Group C: protected areas created between 2000 to the present time. Finally, we tested whether time for the approval of the management plan suffered a simultaneous effect of the type of biome and type of categories of protected area (strictly protected vs. sustainable use areas). We found 211 (63.17% of the 334) protected areas with management plan. On average, the time taken for the creation and approval of a management plan far exceeds the deadlines (5 yrs.) defined under current Brazilian law. All Brazilian biomes are poorly covered by protected areas with effective management plans, with the highest and lowest value observed in the Pantanal (100%) and Caatinga (46.42%), respectively. Our results suggest that the effectiveness of many federal protected areas in Brazil can be reduced considerably by the lack of a management plan, with deleterious consequences for the country’s principal conservation strategies.

scholarly journals Visualizing When, Where, and How Fires Happen in U.S. Parks and Protected Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Nicole C. Inglis ◽  
Jelena Vukomanovic
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Park ◽  
Fire History ◽  
National Park Service ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Park Service

Fire management in protected areas faces mounting obstacles as climate change alters disturbance regimes, resources are diverted to fighting wildfires, and more people live along the boundaries of parks. Evidence-based prescribed fire management and improved communication with stakeholders is vital to reducing fire risk while maintaining public trust. Numerous national fire databases document when and where natural, prescribed, and human-caused fires have occurred on public lands in the United States. However, these databases are incongruous and non-standardized, making it difficult to visualize spatiotemporal patterns of fire and engage stakeholders in decision-making. We created interactive decision analytics (“VISTAFiRe”) that transform fire history data into clear visualizations of the spatial and temporal dimensions of fire and its management. We demonstrate the utility of our approach using Big Cypress National Preserve and Everglades National Park as examples of protected areas experiencing fire regime change between 1980 and 2017. Our open source visualizations may be applied to any data from the National Park Service Wildland Fire Events Geodatabase, with flexibility to communicate shifts in fire regimes over time, such as the type of ignition, duration and magnitude, and changes in seasonal occurrence. Application of the tool to Everglades and Big Cypress revealed that natural wildfires are occurring earlier in the wildfire season, while human-caused and prescribed wildfires are becoming less and more common, respectively. These new avenues of stakeholder communication are allowing the National Park Service to devise research plans to prepare for environmental change, guide resource allocation, and support decision-making in a clear and timely manner.

scholarly journals Individual Identification and Genetic Variation of Lions (Panthera leo) from Two Protected Areas in Nigeria

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e84288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talatu Tende ◽  
Bengt Hansson ◽  
Ulf Ottosson ◽  
Mikael Åkesson ◽  
Staffan Bensch
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Panthera Leo

scholarly journals Surveys of lions Panthera leo in protected areas in Zimbabwe yield disturbing results: what is driving the population collapse?

Oryx ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary J. Groom ◽  
Paul J. Funston ◽  
Roseline Mandisodza
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Crocuta Crocuta ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Panthera Leo ◽  
Prey Biomass ◽  
African Lion ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Biomass Availability ◽  
Hunting Quotas

AbstractThe African lion Panthera leo is an iconic species but it has faced dramatic range reductions and possibly as few as 30,000 individuals remain in the wild. In the absence of detailed ground-based surveys, lion populations may be estimated using regression models based on prey biomass availability but these often overestimate lion densities as a result of a variety of compounding factors. Anthropogenic factors can be key drivers of lion population dynamics and in areas with high human impact lion numbers may be significantly lower than those predicted by prey biomass models. This was investigated in two protected areas in Zimbabwe, where lion population densities were found to be significantly lower than would have been predicted by prey-availability models. High hunting quotas either within or around the protected areas are the most likely cause of the low lion numbers, with quotas in some areas being as high as seven lions per 1,000 km2 in some years. Other factors, including persecution, poisoning and problem animal control, as well as disease and competition with spotted hyaenas Crocuta crocuta, are also discussed.

scholarly journals Community perspectives of governance for effective management of marine protected areas in Malaysia

2017 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 34-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gazi Md Nurul Islam ◽  
Shzee Yew Tai ◽  
Mohd Noh Kusairi ◽  
Shuib Ahmad ◽  
Farhana Mohd Noh Aswani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Community Perspectives

scholarly journals More than $1 billion needed annually to secure Africa’s protected areas with lions

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (45) ◽  
pp. E10788-E10796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Lindsey ◽  
Jennifer R. B. Miller ◽  
Lisanne S. Petracca ◽  
Lauren Coad ◽  
Amy J. Dickman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
International Community ◽  
Panthera Leo ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Effective Conservation

Protected areas (PAs) play an important role in conserving biodiversity and providing ecosystem services, yet their effectiveness is undermined by funding shortfalls. Using lions (Panthera leo) as a proxy for PA health, we assessed available funding relative to budget requirements for PAs in Africa’s savannahs. We compiled a dataset of 2015 funding for 282 state-owned PAs with lions. We applied three methods to estimate the minimum funding required for effective conservation of lions, and calculated deficits. We estimated minimum required funding as $978/km2per year based on the cost of effectively managing lions in nine reserves by the African Parks Network; $1,271/km2based on modeled costs of managing lions at ≥50% carrying capacity across diverse conditions in 115 PAs; and $2,030/km2based on Packer et al.’s [Packer et al. (2013)Ecol Lett16:635–641] cost of managing lions in 22 unfenced PAs. PAs with lions require a total of $1.2 to $2.4 billion annually, or ∼$1,000 to 2,000/km2, yet received only $381 million annually, or a median of $200/km2. Ninety-six percent of range countries had funding deficits in at least one PA, with 88 to 94% of PAs with lions funded insufficiently. In funding-deficit PAs, available funding satisfied just 10 to 20% of PA requirements on average, and deficits total $0.9 to $2.1 billion. African governments and the international community need to increase the funding available for management by three to six times if PAs are to effectively conserve lions and other species and provide vital ecological and economic benefits to neighboring communities.

scholarly journals The Year 2017: Megafires and Management in the Cerrado

Fire ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Fidelis ◽  
Swanni Alvarado ◽  
Ana Barradas ◽  
Vânia Pivello
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Park ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Fire Policy ◽  
Fire Scars ◽  
Biodiversity Preservation ◽  
Fire Exclusion

The year 2017 was a megafire year, when huge areas burned on different continents. In Brazil, a great extension of the Cerrado burned, raising once more the discussion about the “zero-fire” policy. Indeed, most protected areas of the Cerrado adopted a policy of fire exclusion and prevention, leading to periodic megafire events. Last year, 78% of the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park burned at the end of the dry season, attracting media attention. Furthermore, 85% of the Reserva Natural Serra do Tombador burned as a result of a large accumulation of fuel caused by the zero-fire policy. In 2014, some protected areas started to implement the Integrate Fire Management (IFM) strategy. During 2017, in contrast to other protected areas, the Estação Ecológica Serra Geral do Tocantins experienced no megafire events, suggesting that a few years of IFM implementation led to changes in its fire regime. Therefore, we intended here to compare the total burned area and number of fire scars between the protected areas where IFM was implemented and those where fire exclusion is the adopted policy. The use of fire as a management tool aimed at wildfire prevention and biodiversity preservation should be reconsidered by local managers and environmental authorities for most Cerrado protected areas, especially those where open savanna physiognomies prevail. Changing the paradigm is a hard task, but last year’s events showed the zero-fire policy would bring more damage than benefits to Cerrado protected areas.

PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA: A REVIEW

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Abdulaziz ◽  
Foziah Johar ◽  
Mohammad Rafee Majid ◽  
Nasiru Idris Medugu
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Protected Area Management ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Management Effectiveness ◽  
International Union ◽  
Hybrid Framework ◽  
Area Management

Nigeria like other countries has experienced rapid increase in number and sizes of protected areas in the last century. As a result, a number of policies, agencies and departments were established to ensure proper protection and management of these areas. To ensure management effectiveness, frequent evaluation is necessary. This paper is a review of relevant literatures on protected area management effectiveness and collaboration in management. The findings of the review indicated that the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) framework is the most widely used for assessing management effectiveness of protected areas. However, a limitation of the framework is its deficiency to integrate collaboration and motivation. These factors play vital roles in effective management of protected areas through promoting wildlife conservation particularly in developing world. Therefore, this paper proposes a hybrid framework for evaluating protected area management effectiveness, consisting of the IUCN framework, collaboration and motivation to be used in subsequent assessment of protected areas. 

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