scholarly journals Diversity and distribution of landscape types in Norway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trond Simensen ◽  
Lars Erikstad ◽  
Rune Halvorsen
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Type System ◽  
Research Management ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Map Algebra ◽  
Mapping Procedure ◽  
Landscape Type ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Areal Coverage ◽  
Landscape Types

AbstractNorwegian landscapes are changing at an increasingly rapid rate, and systematically structured information about observable landscape variation is required for knowledge-based management of landscape diversity. Here we present the first version of a complete, area-covering, evidence-based landscape-type map of Norway, simultaneously addressing geo-ecological, bio-ecological and land-use related variation at the landscape level. We do so by applying map algebra operations on publicly available geographical data sets with full areal coverage for Norway. The type system used in the mapping is supported by systematically structured empirical evidence. We present the results of the mapping procedure, including the geographical distribution and descriptive statistics (abundance and areal coverage) for each of the identified landscape types. We identify nine major landscape types based on coarse-scale landform variation and, within the six inland and coastal major types, 284 minor landscape types are defined based on the composition of geo-ecological, bio-ecological, and land use-related landscape properties. The results provide new insights into the geography of Norwegian marine, coastal and inland landscapes. We discuss potential errors, uncertainties and limitations of the landscape-type maps, and address the potential value of this new tool for research, management and planning purposes.

scholarly journals Landscape Development Types in Central Lika 1980−2012 − Applying Spatial and Process-Oriented GIS Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (35) ◽  
pp. 4-29
Author(s):  
Marta Hamzić ◽  
Borna Fuerst Bjeliš
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Vegetation Succession ◽  
Landscape Development ◽  
Landscape Type ◽  
Landscape Types ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Observation Period

This paper presents an analysis and definition of development types and subtypes in the landscape of Central Lika, based on processes of change in the period 1980−2012 CORINE Land Cover database data for 1980 and 2012 were used to establish the landscape types in Central Lika in those years. The landscape types in Central Lika were determined according to land cover/land use. Based on the mutual relations between the established landscape types in the two observed years, we established six landscape development types and three subtypes in Central Lika. The spatial distribution of landscape development types and subtypes in Central Lika was determined using the Standard Deviational Ellipse (Directional Distribution) spatial analysis method. The results obtained showed that in the observation period (1980−2012), most of the area of Central Lika (89.46%) belonged to the Stagnation landscape type. Other development types were present to a much lesser extent (about 5.5%) and were found to be Vegetation succession, Agrarisation, Vegetation degradation and Built-up land. We established a spatial gradation of three phases in the process of vegetation succession, that is, development subtypes from the centre to the margins of the research area. At the same time, in the observation period, the process and trend of extensification of land use in Central Lika was twice as present as intensification.

scholarly journals Application of the Reed-Solomon Algorithm as a Remote Sensing Data Fusion Tool for Land Use Studies

Algorithms ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Piotr A. Werner
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Data Fusion ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Map Algebra ◽  
Spectral Bands ◽  
Preparatory Stage ◽  
Use Studies

The Reed-Solomon algorithm is well known in different fields of computer science. The novelty of this study lies in the different interpretation of the algorithm itself and its scope of application for remote sensing, especially at the preparatory stage, i.e., data fusion. A short review of the attempts to use different data fusion approaches in geospatial technologies explains the possible usage of the algorithm. The rationale behind its application for data fusion is to include all possible information from all acquired spectral bands, assuming that complete composite information in the form of one compound image will improve both the quality of visualization and some aspects of further quantitative and qualitative analyses. The concept arose from an empirical, heuristic combination of geographic information systems (GIS), map algebra, and two-dimensional cellular automata. The challenges are related to handling big quantitative data sets and the awareness that these numbers are in fact descriptors of a real-world multidimensional view. An empirical case study makes it easier to understand the operationalization of the Reed-Solomon algorithm for land use studies.

scholarly journals Analysis of spatiotemporal changes of agricultural land after the Second World War in Czechia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vít Zelinka ◽  
Johana Zacharová ◽  
Jan Skaloš
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
German Population ◽  
World War ◽  
Landscape Type ◽  
Second World

AbstractThe term Sudetenland refers to large regions of the former Czechoslovakia that had been dominated by Germans. German population was expelled directly after the Second World War, between 1945 and 1947. Almost three million people left large areas in less than two years. This population change led to a break in the relationship between the people and the landscape. The aim of the study is to compare the trajectories of these changes in agricultural landscapes in lower and higher altitudes, both in depopulated areas and areas with preserved populations. This study included ten sites in the region of Northern Bohemia in Czechia (18,000 ha in total). Five of these sites represent depopulated areas, and the other five areas where populations remained preserved. Changes in the landscape were assessed through a bi-temporal analysis of land use change by using aerial photograph data from time hoirzons of 2018 and 1953. Land use changes from the 1950s to the present are corroborated in the studied depopulated and preserved areas mainly by the trajectory of agricultural land to forest. The results prove that both population displacement and landscape type are important factors that affect landscape changes, especially in agricultural landscapes.

scholarly journals Landscape change patterns at three stages of the construction and operation of the TGP

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruikang Li ◽  
Yangbing Li ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Dianji Fu
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Pattern ◽  
Landscape Change ◽  
Ecological Security ◽  
Three Gorges ◽  
Temporal Characteristics ◽  
Landscape Type ◽  
The Three Gorges ◽  
Landscape Types ◽  
Landscape Ecological ◽  
Landscape Ecological Security

AbstractAnalyses of landscape change patterns that are based on elevation and slope can not only provide reasonable interpretations of landscape patterns but can also help to reveal evolutionary laws. However, landscape change patterns and their model in different landforms of the typical watershed in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) has not been quantified and assessed effectively. As a complex geographical unit, the ecological environment in the middle reach of the Yangtze River has experienced great changes due to the construction of the Three Gorges Project (TGP) and its associated human activities. Here, based mainly on a digital elevation model (DEM) and remotely sensed images from 1986, 2000, 2010, and 2017 and by using GIS technology, speeds/ trends of landscape change, the index of landscape type change intensity, landscape pattern indices, and landscape ecological security index, the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of different elevations, slopes, and buffer landscape types were analyzed in typical watersheds, as well as an evolutionary model of the landscape pattern. The results indicated that (1) the landscape types along with the land classification and buffer zone that were influenced by the TGR construction have undergone a phased change, with the period 2000–2010 being the most dramatic period of landscape evolution during the impoundment period; (2) landscape type shifts from human-dominated farmland to nature-driven forestland and shrub-land as elevations, slopes and buffer distances increased. The landscape has shifted from diversity to relative homogeneity; (3) land types and buffer zones played essential roles in the landscape pattern index, which is reflected in the differences in landscape type indices for spatial extension and temporal characteristics. The results of this paper illustrate the spatial–temporal characteristics of various landscape types at three distinct stages in the construction of the TGR. These findings indicate that the landscape ecological security of the watershed is improving year by year. The follow-up development of the TGRA needs to consider the landscape change patterns of different landforms.

A quantitative method to detect the ventilation paths in a mountainous urban city for urban planning: A case study in Guizhou, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Ling Chen ◽  
Jun Lu ◽  
Wei Wei Yu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Frontal Area ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Least Cost Path ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Mapping Procedure ◽  
Urban City ◽  
Local Topography ◽  
The Government

In this paper, a new frontal area index (FAI) mapping method is presented to describe the surface roughness of Renhuai, as an example of typical medium high mountain gorge type Karst city. Comparing with the traditional calculating method of FAI, a local topography (hills) factor is added to the calculation of the FAI in each 100 m × 100 m grid cell. The results show that the modified FAI is more strongly related to the mountainous land-use type than traditional, and local topography regions with large podium structure had higher values than other urban land-use types in mountainous city. With the frontal area index mapping procedure and a self-compiled least cost path analysis method, the potential airflow corridors traversing through the study area can be located, and the total computation time is shorter and less than 1 s. Air volume, a significant measurement index of urban ventilation capacity, is then simulated in computational fluid dynamics model (CFD-PHOENICS) to confirm the significance and efficiency of these specific ventilation corridors. Based on our findings, the government and urban planners may use the descendent maps to understand the urban ventilation paths within a mountainous city for urban local renovation decisions.

scholarly journals CHLOROPLAST GENETICS OF CHLAMYDOMONAS. III. CLOSING THE CIRCLE

Genetics ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-354
Author(s):  
Burt Singer ◽  
Ruth Sager ◽  
Zenta Ramanis
Keyword(s):  
Genetic System ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Mapping Data ◽  
Regression Problem ◽  
Mapping Procedure ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Chloroplast Genetics

ABSTRACT A novel mapping procedure is presented for organelle genes or any other genetic system exhibiting a measurable frequency of exchanges occurring at a constant rate over a measurable time interval. For a set of markers in a multiply-marked cross, the exchange rates measure relative map distances from a centromere-like attachment point. With this method, we present mapping data and a linear map of genes in the chlcroplast genome of Chlamydomonas. The data are plotted as log (percent remaining heterozygotes) against time and map distances are taken as proportional to slope. A statistical method which is an adaptation of jackknife methodology to a regression problem was developed to estimate slope values. A single line is fitted to pooled data for each marker from several crosses, and then lines are re-fit to a series of pooled data sets in each of which the observations from a single cross have been omitted. From these data sets a final summary slope is computed as well as a statement of its variability. The relative positions of new markers present in single crosses can then be estimated utilizing data from many crosses. The method does not distinguish between one-armed and two-armed linear or circular maps. However, evaluation of this map in conjunction with cosegregation frequency data (Sager and Ramanis 1976b) provides unambiguous evidence of the genetic circularity of the Chlamydomonas chloroplast genome.

scholarly journals Design of Link Evaluation Method to Improve Reliability based on Linked Open Big Data and Natural Language Processing

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.33) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Yonglak SHON ◽  
Jaeyoung PARK ◽  
Jangmook KANG ◽  
Sangwon LEE
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Linked Data ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Global Data ◽  
Improve Reliability

The LOD data sets consist of RDF Triples based on the Ontology, a specification of existing facts, and by linking them to previously disclosed knowledge based on linked data principles. These structured LOD clouds form a large global data network, which provides a more accurate foundation for users to deliver the desired information. However, it is difficult to identify that, if the presence of the same object is identified differently across several LOD data sets, they are inherently identical. This is because objects with different URIs in the LOD datasets must be different and they must be closely examined for similarities in order to judge them as identical. The aim of this study is that the prosed model, RILE, evaluates similarity by comparing object values of existing specified predicates. After performing experiments with our model, we could check the improvement of the confidence level of the connection by extracting the link value.  

scholarly journals Spatial-temporal evolution of landscape degradation on the Guamá River Basin, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 480-490
Author(s):  
Tatiane Camila Martins Silva ◽  
Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira ◽  
Marcelo Cordeiro Thalês
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Satellite Monitoring ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Map Algebra ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Landscape Degradation ◽  
Secondary Vegetation

The goal of this study was to determine the anthropization evolution of the Guamá river basin in the years 2000, 2008 and 2018 by means of the Anthropic Transformation Index. Land use and cover maps were obtained from two databases, Project Mapbiomas (Brazilian Annual Land Use and Land Cover Mapping Project) and PRODES (Project for the Satellite Monitoring of the Brazilian Amazon Forest). The main classes defined in the mapping process are: forest, natural non-forest vegetation, agriculture and livestock farming, secondary vegetation, urban infrastructure, water and others. Secondary vegetation was considered as the area where the forest classes of Mapbiomas intersects with the deforested areas of PRODES, as determined by the map algebra operator. The expansion of agriculture and livestock farming achieved an increase of about 10%, while the forest was reduced in almost 10%. The Guamá river basin obtained an Anthropic Transformation Index of 4.44 in 2000, 5.04 in 2008 and 5.09 in 2018, going from a regular to a degraded state in 18 years. The occupation process caused major alterations in the natural components of the landscape over the course of 18 years, notably in the amount of forest. Protection of 35% of the remnant primary forest in the Guamá river basin is vital for the conservation of water resources vulnerable to changes in land use.

Development of an Intelligent Patrol Routing System Using GIS and Computer Simulations

2011 ◽  
pp. 339-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Szakas ◽  
Christian Trefftz ◽  
Raul Ramirez ◽  
Eric Jefferis
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Map Algebra ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Real Time Data ◽  
Patrol Routing ◽  
Patrol Strategies

Patrolling in a nonrandom, but focused manner is an important activity in law enforcement. The use of geographic information systems, the emerging real-time data sets (spatial and nonspatial) and the ability via global positioning systems to identify locations of patrol units provide the environment to discuss the concept and requirements of an intelligent patrol routing system. This intelligent patrol routing system will combine available data utilizing Map Algebra and a data structure known as a Voronoi diagram to create a real-time updatable raster surface over the patrolling area to identify destination locations and routes for all patrol units. This information system will allow all patrol units to function “in concert” under a coordinated plan, and make good use of limited patrolling resources, and provide the means of evaluating current patrol strategies. This chapter discusses the algorithmic foundation, implications, requirements, and simulation of a GIS based intelligent patrol routing system.

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