scholarly journals CHLOROPLAST GENETICS OF CHLAMYDOMONAS. III. CLOSING THE CIRCLE

Genetics ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-354
Author(s):  
Burt Singer ◽  
Ruth Sager ◽  
Zenta Ramanis
Keyword(s):  
Genetic System ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Mapping Data ◽  
Regression Problem ◽  
Mapping Procedure ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Chloroplast Genetics

ABSTRACT A novel mapping procedure is presented for organelle genes or any other genetic system exhibiting a measurable frequency of exchanges occurring at a constant rate over a measurable time interval. For a set of markers in a multiply-marked cross, the exchange rates measure relative map distances from a centromere-like attachment point. With this method, we present mapping data and a linear map of genes in the chlcroplast genome of Chlamydomonas. The data are plotted as log (percent remaining heterozygotes) against time and map distances are taken as proportional to slope. A statistical method which is an adaptation of jackknife methodology to a regression problem was developed to estimate slope values. A single line is fitted to pooled data for each marker from several crosses, and then lines are re-fit to a series of pooled data sets in each of which the observations from a single cross have been omitted. From these data sets a final summary slope is computed as well as a statement of its variability. The relative positions of new markers present in single crosses can then be estimated utilizing data from many crosses. The method does not distinguish between one-armed and two-armed linear or circular maps. However, evaluation of this map in conjunction with cosegregation frequency data (Sager and Ramanis 1976b) provides unambiguous evidence of the genetic circularity of the Chlamydomonas chloroplast genome.

scholarly journals Feature and Language Selection in Temporal Symbolic Regression for Interpretable Air Quality Modelling

Algorithms ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Estrella Lucena-Sánchez ◽  
Guido Sciavicco ◽  
Ionel Eduard Stan
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Multivariate Time Series ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Air Quality Modelling ◽  
Regression Problem ◽  
Car Traffic ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Language Selection

Air quality modelling that relates meteorological, car traffic, and pollution data is a fundamental problem, approached in several different ways in the recent literature. In particular, a set of such data sampled at a specific location and during a specific period of time can be seen as a multivariate time series, and modelling the values of the pollutant concentrations can be seen as a multivariate temporal regression problem. In this paper, we propose a new method for symbolic multivariate temporal regression, and we apply it to several data sets that contain real air quality data from the city of Wrocław (Poland). Our experiments show that our approach is superior to classical, especially symbolic, ones, both in statistical performances and the interpretability of the results.

scholarly journals Land cover change analysis in Mexico using 30m Landsat and 250m MODIS data

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-7/W3 ◽  
pp. 367-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Colditz ◽  
R. M. Llamas ◽  
R. A. Ressl
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Change Detection ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Error ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Coarse Spatial Resolution

Change detection is one of the most important and widely requested applications of terrestrial remote sensing. Despite a wealth of techniques and successful studies, there is still a need for research in remote sensing science. This paper addresses two important issues: the temporal and spatial scales of change maps. Temporal scales relate to the time interval between observations for successful change detection. We compare annual change detection maps accumulated over five years against direct change detection over that period. Spatial scales relate to the spatial resolution of remote sensing products. We compare fractions from 30m Landsat change maps to 250m grid cells that match MODIS change products. Results suggest that change detection at annual scales better detect abrupt changes, in particular those that do not persist over a longer period. The analysis across spatial scales strongly recommends the use of an appropriate analysis technique, such as change fractions from fine spatial resolution data for comparison with coarse spatial resolution maps. Plotting those results in bi-dimensional error space and analyzing various criteria, the “lowest cost”, according to a user defined (here hyperbolic) cost function, was found most useful. In general, we found a poor match between Landsat and MODIS-based change maps which, besides obvious differences in the capabilities to detect change, is likely related to change detection errors in both data sets.

scholarly journals Refinement Algoritm of Hypotheses Testing Research Based on Geochronological Tracking

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
R. Ivakin ◽  
Y. Ivakin ◽  
S. Potapichev
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Retrospective Studies ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Hypotheses Testing ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Spatial Data Sets

Geochronological tracking is an effective information technology for digital cartographic spatial data sets processing. It is widely known in retrospective patterns research about geographic relocation of figures, or any other units for a given time interval. Software component of geochronological tracking is becoming one the most popular GIS-integrated applications. The article presents the basic provisions for the algorithmization of the geochronological tracking procedure for statistical testing of retrospective studies hypotheses. We can observe the results of solving this optimization problem in a general form and in a number of the most typical variants. The obtained results of solving the optimization problem are interpreted in terms of the retrospective studies subject area. There are shown the ways of further practical application of the optimized algorithm in the tasks of modern logistics, data mining and formalized knowledge.

Graphical Data Sets as Compositional Structure: Sonification of Colour Graphs in RGB for Clarinet and Piano

Leonardo ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Thomas Metcalf
Keyword(s):  
Visual Input ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Mapping Data ◽  
Compositional Structure ◽  
Graphical Data ◽  
Clarinet And Piano ◽  
The Web

This article will follow the methodology behind the composition of the author's piece, RGB (2019), for clarinet and piano; a sonification of four colour graphs generated from Pollock's Out of the Web (1949). It will demonstrate the process of ‘mapping’ data to sound whilst creating allowances for compositional intuition. In this way, the author hopes to demonstrate the usefulness and flexibility of composing with this approach, as well as its future implications and improvements, whilst acknowledging that this is a specific example of such an approach, rather than an all-encompassing taxonomy for any visual input.

The Imposition of Empirical Acceptability Conditions on Sequences of Single Measurements

1969 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Benioff
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Classical Mechanics ◽  
Physical Principle ◽  
Small Time ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Single Measurement ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Regression Problem ◽  
Expectation Value ◽  
Almost All

AbstractHere, some difficulties resulting from the application of any empirical acceptability conditions on sequences of single measurements are investigated. In particular, the often used acceptability requirement that each single measurement be made under the "same conditions" is discussed. In quantum mechanics, this means that each single measurement is made of the same physical quantity on a system in a ensemble of identically prepared systems. One of the resultant difficulties is that such an application leads to an infinite regression of sequences of single measurements. That is, it does not account for the fact that an observer must start the process of measurement or knowledge acquisition. Furthermore, it is seen that there are some basic sequences of single measurements for which an observer can not possibly know at the outset that the "same condition" requirements are satisfied. These include those measurements by which the homogeneity of space-time is tested. The possible relevance of these difficulties to physics is shown by first considering two possi­bilities of avoiding these difficulties. One is that the "same condition" requirements can be given the weaker interpretation that there be no physical principle forbidding an observer from knowing in terms of limit empirical means, that they are satisfied at the outset of any sequence. This gets rid of the infinite regression problem as it does not mean that an observer must know in fact that these requirements are satisfied. The other possibility is that if physics does not forbid one in principle from measuring an expectation value in an arbitrarily small time interval then both the basic sequence as well as those by which one knows the "same" requirements are satisfied can be relegated to arbitrarily small time intervals. As far as physics is concerned, then the epistemological difficulties while existing in these small intervals, do not exist for other times, or almost all time. It is then shown that quantum mechanics, as distinct from classical mechanics, and the special relativity require that an infinite time interval is necessary to measure, as a limit mean, any expectation value. Thus physics denies both the above possibilities as it forbids an observer from knowing even in principle, by any finite time that the "same" requirements are satisfied. Also, physics forbids the relegation of the epistemological problems to arbitrarily small time intervals.

Testing for equality of rates of evolution

Paleobiology ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Kitchell ◽  
George Estabrook ◽  
Norman MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Change ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Independent Data ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
Rates Of Evolution ◽  
Generative Processes ◽  
Pattern Of Variation ◽  
Ordered Data ◽  
Post Hoc

A new method of data analysis offers a potentially powerful tool for statistically evaluating hypotheses of rate in temporally-ordered evolutionary phenomena. We present a method for bootstrapping time-ordered data sets to test hypotheses of the equality of rate. This method is applicable to both nonrandom and random generative processes. The method is applied to the data of Malmgren et al. (1983) for the Globorotalia plesiotumida–G. tumida planktonic foraminiferan lineage and the data of Reyment (1982) for the benthonic foraminiferan Afrobolivina afar. G. plesiotumida is recognizable on the basis of independent data as a species distinct from G. tumida, its descendant. Evolutionary change rate during the evolution of G. tumida from G. plesiotumida is shown to be faster than rates within either species. The pattern of variation exhibited by A. afar includes a time interval of more rapid change; this more rapid change is observed post hoc. A bootstrapping model based on post hoc observations reveals the rate in this time interval to be not significantly faster than expected in such post hoc intervals.

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and cardiovascular (CV) risk: Analysis of German Statutory Health Insurance (SHI) data.

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 219-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Ruessel ◽  
Susanne Guthoff-Hagen ◽  
Verena Donatz
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioners ◽  
Gnrh Antagonist ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Gnrh Agonists ◽  
Gnrh Antagonists ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
German Statutory Health Insurance ◽  
Antagonist Group

219 Background: ADT is an established part of the guideline-oriented therapy of prostate cancer (PCa). Concerns regarding increased CV risks associated with ADT were raised by the FDA in 2010. Results from a pooled data-analysis of six prospective randomised trials suggest a lower number of CVevents in patients treated with the GnRH antagonist Degarelix compared with GnRH agonist treated patients with preexisting cardiovascular disease [Albertsen P. et al: Eur Urol 2014; 65: 565-73]. Objective: Can SHI data confirm the observation that the risk for CVevents varies depending on the substance used for ADT. Methods: Retrospective data sets of 4 Mio assured people from SHI funds from the years 2009-2012 were analysed to identify PCa patients treated with ADT, GnRH agonists and GnRH antagonists, respectively. An age-adjusted reference group with 1.1 Mio non-PCa persons was identified in the data sets. Results: 44.166 patients suffering from PCa were identified. Of those 10.611 patients were treated with ADT. 10.554 with GnRH agonists and 132 with GnRH antagonists, respectively. An increased prevalence for relevant baseline CV diseases was observed in ADT treated patients compared to the Non-PCa reference group (diabetes mellitus: 28.66% vs 17.43%.; CAD: 35.77% vs 15.70%; Heart failure: 27.54% vs 9.64%). The rate of heart attack and stroke (CVevents) after treatment begin with ADT was determined: 2.37% in the reference group, 5.9% in the PCa group, 7.8% in the ADT group, 2.3% in the GnRH antagonist group. All CVevents in GnRH antagonist group occurred in high risk patients, only. The urologist examined and reported the state of CV risk for 25% of the PCa patients, only. Urologists examine and treat statistically significantly more patients with a combination of PCa and CVevents than general practitioners (30 vs. 5 per year/per physician). Conclusions: This retrospective analysis confirms the hypothesis that the risk of CVevents varies by using different ADT. The risk might be lower by using GnRH antagonists. A close collaboration of urologists, general practitioners and cardiologists is therefore recommended in the management of PCa patients.

scholarly journals Microarray analysis of the temporal response of skeletal muscle to methylprednisolone: comparative analysis of two dosing regimens

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R. Almon ◽  
Debra C. DuBois ◽  
Zhenling Yao ◽  
Eric P. Hoffman ◽  
Svetlana Ghimbovschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Gene Chips ◽  
Glucocorticoid Response ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Dosing Regimens ◽  
Chronic Corticosteroid ◽  
Temporal Profiles ◽  
Rate Infusion

The transcriptional response of skeletal muscle to chronic corticosteroid exposure was examined over 168 h and compared with the response profiles observed following a single dose of corticosteroid. Male adrenalectomized Wistar rats were given a constant-rate infusion of 0.3 mg·kg−1·h−1 methylprednisolone for up to 7 days via subcutaneously implanted minipumps. Four control and forty drug-treated animals were killed at ten different time points during infusion. Liver total RNAs were hybridized to 44 individual Affymetrix REA230A gene chips. Previously, we described a filtration approach for identifying genes of interest in microarray data sets developed from tissues of rats treated with methylprednisolone (MPL) following acute dosing. Here, a similar approach involving a series of three filters was applied sequentially to identify genes of interest. These filters were designed to eliminate probe sets that were not expressed in the tissue, not regulated by the drug, or did not meet defined quality control standards. Filtering eliminated 86% of probe sets, leaving a remainder of 2,316 for further consideration. In a previous study, 653 probe sets were identified as MPL regulated following administration of a single (acute) dose of the drug. Comparison of the two data sets yielded 196 genes identified as regulated by MPL in both dosing regimens. Because of receptor downregulation, it was predicted that genes regulated by receptor-glucocorticoid response element interactions would exhibit tolerance in chronic profiles. However, many genes did not exhibit steroid tolerance, indicating that present perspectives on the mechanism of glucocorticoid action cannot entirely explain all temporal profiles.

scholarly journals Continuous cardiac output monitoring in humans by invasive and noninvasive peripheral blood pressure waveform analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 598-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenwei Lu ◽  
Ramakrishna Mukkamala
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Waveform Analysis ◽  
Cardiac Output Monitoring ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Output Monitoring

We present an evaluation of a novel technique for continuous (i.e., automatic) monitoring of relative cardiac output (CO) changes by long time interval analysis of a peripheral arterial blood pressure (ABP) waveform in humans. We specifically tested the mathematical analysis technique based on existing invasive and noninvasive hemodynamic data sets. With the former data set, we compared the application of the technique to peripheral ABP waveforms obtained via radial artery catheterization with simultaneous thermodilution CO measurements in 15 intensive care unit patients in which CO was changing because of disease progression and therapy. With the latter data set, we compared the application of the technique to noninvasive peripheral ABP waveforms obtained via a finger-cuff photoplethysmography system with simultaneous Doppler ultrasound CO measurements made by an expert in 10 healthy subjects during pharmacological and postural interventions. We report an overall CO root-mean-squared normalized error of 15.3% with respect to the invasive hemodynamic data set and 15.1% with respect to the noninvasive hemodynamic data set. Moreover, the CO errors from the invasive and noninvasive hemodynamic data sets were only mildly correlated with mean ABP (ρ = 0.41, 0.37) and even less correlated with CO (ρ = −0.14, −0.17), heart rate (ρ = 0.04, 0.19), total peripheral resistance (ρ = 0.38, 0.10), CO changes (ρ = −0.26, −0.20), and absolute CO changes (ρ = 0.03, 0.38). With further development and successful prospective testing, the technique may potentially be employed for continuous hemodynamic monitoring in the acute setting such as critical care and emergency care.

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