scholarly journals A neuronal social trait space for first impressions in the human amygdala and hippocampus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runnan Cao ◽  
Chujun Lin ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Alexander Todorov ◽  
Nicholas J Brandmeir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Neuronal Population ◽  
First Impressions ◽  
Population Code ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Social Traits ◽  
The Social ◽  
Neurosurgical Patients ◽  
Social Trait ◽  
Trait Space

AbstractPeople instantaneously evaluate faces with significant agreement on evaluations of social traits. However, the neural basis for such rapid spontaneous face evaluation remains largely unknown. Here, we recorded from 490 neurons in the amygdala and hippocampus in 5 neurosurgical patients and show that amygdala and hippocampal neurons encode a social trait space. We further investigated the temporal evolution and modulation on the social trait representation, and we employed encoding and decoding models to reveal the critical social traits for the trait space. We also recorded from another 259 neurons and replicated our findings using different social traits. Lastly, the neuronal social trait space may have a behavioral consequence likely involved in the abnormal processing of social information in autism. Together, our results suggest that there exists a neuronal population code for a comprehensive social trait space in the human amygdala and hippocampus that underlie spontaneous first impressions.

scholarly journals Vocomotor and Social Brain Networks Work Together to Express Social Traits in Voices

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 6004-6020
Author(s):  
Stella Guldner ◽  
Frauke Nees ◽  
Carolyn McGettigan
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Social Traits ◽  
Social Processing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Vocal Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Voice Modulation ◽  
Social Trait ◽  
Trait Space

Abstract Voice modulation is important when navigating social interactions—tone of voice in a business negotiation is very different from that used to comfort an upset child. While voluntary vocal behavior relies on a cortical vocomotor network, social voice modulation may require additional social cognitive processing. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated the neural basis for social vocal control and whether it involves an interplay of vocal control and social processing networks. Twenty-four healthy adult participants modulated their voice to express social traits along the dimensions of the social trait space (affiliation and competence) or to express body size (control for vocal flexibility). Naïve listener ratings showed that vocal modulations were effective in evoking social trait ratings along the two primary dimensions of the social trait space. Whereas basic vocal modulation engaged the vocomotor network, social voice modulation specifically engaged social processing regions including the medial prefrontal cortex, superior temporal sulcus, and precuneus. Moreover, these regions showed task-relevant modulations in functional connectivity to the left inferior frontal gyrus, a core vocomotor control network area. These findings highlight the impact of the integration of vocal motor control and social information processing for socially meaningful voice modulation.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Multi-Label Classification and Multi-Output Regression in Social Trait Recognition

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4127
Author(s):  
Will Farlessyost ◽  
Kelsey-Ryan Grant ◽  
Sara R. Davis ◽  
David Feil-Seifer ◽  
Emily M. Hand
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
First Impressions ◽  
Social Traits ◽  
Judicial Proceedings ◽  
Facial Attributes ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Automated Methods ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Social Trait ◽  
Better Than

First impressions make up an integral part of our interactions with other humans by providing an instantaneous judgment of the trustworthiness, dominance and attractiveness of an individual prior to engaging in any other form of interaction. Unfortunately, this can lead to unintentional bias in situations that have serious consequences, whether it be in judicial proceedings, career advancement, or politics. The ability to automatically recognize social traits presents a number of highly useful applications: from minimizing bias in social interactions to providing insight into how our own facial attributes are interpreted by others. However, while first impressions are well-studied in the field of psychology, automated methods for predicting social traits are largely non-existent. In this work, we demonstrate the feasibility of two automated approaches—multi-label classification (MLC) and multi-output regression (MOR)—for first impression recognition from faces. We demonstrate that both approaches are able to predict social traits with better than chance accuracy, but there is still significant room for improvement. We evaluate ethical concerns and detail application areas for future work in this direction.

scholarly journals Cheating on cheaters dramatically affects social interactions inPseudomonas aeruginosa

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özhan Özkaya ◽  
Roberto Balbontín ◽  
Isabel Gordo ◽  
Karina B. Xavier
Keyword(s):  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
The Public ◽  
Population Collapse ◽  
Social Traits ◽  
The Social ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Social Trait

AbstractBacterial cooperation can be disrupted by non-producers, which can profit from public goods without paying their production cost. A cheater can increase in frequency, exhausting the public good and causing a population collapse. Here we investigate how interactions among two cheaters for distinct social traits influence the short and long-term dynamics of polymorphic populations. Using as a modelPseudomonas aeruginosaand its extensively studied social traits, production of the siderophore pyoverdine and the quorum sensing regulated elastase, we analyzed the social dynamics of polymorphic populations under conditions where the two traits are required for optimal growth. We show that cheaters for either trait compete with both the wild type and each other, and that mutants for pyoverdine production can prevent a drastic population collapse caused by quorum sensing cheaters. A simple mathematical model suggests that the observed social dynamics are determined by the ratio of the costs of each social trait, such that the mutant which avoids paying the highest cost dominates the population. Finally, we demonstrate how quorum sensing regulation can avoid the full loss of cooperation.

Interpersonal Similarity and the Social and Intellectual Dimensions of First Impressions

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Lydon ◽  
David W. Jamieson ◽  
Mark P. Zanna
Keyword(s):  
First Impressions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interpersonal Similarity

scholarly journals Positive linkage between bacterial social traits reveals that homogeneous rather than specialized behavioral repertoires prevail in natural Pseudomonas communities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jos Kramer ◽  
Miguel Ángel López Carrasco ◽  
Rolf Kümmerli
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Social Strategies ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Social Traits ◽  
Social Type ◽  
Social Trait ◽  
Limited Scope

ABSTRACTBacteria frequently cooperate by sharing secreted metabolites such as enzymes and siderophores. The expression of different ‘public good’ traits can be interdependent, and studies on laboratory systems have shown that such trait linkage affects eco-evolutionary dynamics within bacterial communities. Here, we examine whether linkage among social traits occurs in natural Pseudomonas communities by examining investment levels and correlations between five public goods: biosurfactants, biofilm components, proteases, pyoverdines, and toxic compounds. Our phenotypic assays involving 315 isolates from soil and freshwater communities revealed that their social trait expression profiles varied dramatically, and that correlations between traits were frequent, exclusively positive, and sometimes habitat-specific. Our results indicate that Pseudomonas communities are dominated by isolates lying on a continuum between a ‘social’ type producing multiple public goods, and an ‘asocial’ type showing low investment into social traits. This segregation into different social types could reflect local adaptation to different microhabitats, or emerge from competition between different (social) strategies. Moreover, our results show that isolates with specialized trait repertoires are rare, suggesting limited scope for the mutual exchange of different public goods between isolates. Overall, our work indicates that complex interdependencies among social traits influence the evolution of microbial lifestyles in nature.

scholarly journals Pace of movement: the role of single neurons in the subthalamic nucleus

2019 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
pp. 1835-1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Tankus ◽  
Anat Mirelman ◽  
Nir Giladi ◽  
Itzhak Fried ◽  
Jeffrey M. Hausdorff
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Neuronal Population ◽  
Distributed Model ◽  
Single Neurons ◽  
Direct Recording ◽  
Neurosurgical Patients ◽  
Upper And Lower Extremities ◽  
Neuronal Recruitment

OBJECTIVEThe ability to modulate the pace of movement is a critical factor in the smooth operation of the motor system. The authors recently described distinct and overlapping representations of movement kinematics in the subthalamic nucleus (STN), but it is still unclear how movement pace is modulated according to the demands of the task at the neuronal level in this area. The goal of this study was to clarify how different movement paces are being controlled by neurons in the STN.METHODSThe authors performed direct recording of the electrical activity of single neurons in the STN of neurosurgical patients with Parkinson’s disease undergoing implantation of a deep brain stimulator under local anesthesia while the patients performed repetitive foot and hand movements intraoperatively at multiple paces.RESULTSA change was observed in the neuronal population controlling the movement for each pace. The mechanism for switching between these controlling populations differs for hand and foot movements.CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest that disparate schemes are utilized in the STN for neuronal recruitment for motor control of the upper and lower extremities. The results indicate a distributed model of motor control within the STN, where the active neuronal population changes when modifying the task condition and pace.

Youths' Social Traits in Water Management as a Precursor for Good Water Governance

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
Kevin Gatt
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Social Traits ◽  
The Social ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
Environmental Goals ◽  
Considerable Work ◽  
Effective Water

Today's youths are yesterday's future generation and tomorrow's guardian of future generations. Successful water governance requires the sustainable management of water resources which in turn implies the maximisation of economic, social and environmental goals. This research, whilst focusing on the social traits of the current youth cohort, forms the basis of a wider national survey amongst Maltese society in order to identify their economic, social and environmental traits as one of the basis for developing a robust water governance framework for Malta. The research shows that whilst there is a solid foundation in the current youth crop to build upon for effective water governance, there is still considerable work that needs to be undertaken in order to raise awareness amongst a sizeable component of the current youth cohort.

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