The Popularity of The Wattpad Application in Increasing Millennial Generation’s Literacy Through Literary Works.

Background: Nowadays, people's enthusiasm for reading literature is getting lower. On the other hand, we can use technological development to look for literary works. Purpose: Based on this problem, researchers are interested in researching how Wattpad applications can increase literacy in literary work. Method: Researchers use quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative methods through surveys online, and the resulting population consists of 75 respondents from the millennial generation. The sample criteria in this study were Wattpad users with an age range ranging from 13 years to 25 years. Then, researchers used interview methods using 15 informants to strengthen survey results online. Result: Wattpad is a platform that provides literary work. It helps the reader to access the story freely. This application offers many variations of literary genres. Wattpad has a function to entertain and give knowledge through stories supplied by authors. It shows that Wattpad has a vital role in increasing literary interest, especially millennials. Recommendation: This research should be carried out long before the due date. But, this incident is out of reach for researchers because we have to prepare anything before doing research. Furthermore, sampling that is used must have more limited scope to get specific result data. For example, we use sample respondents from East Java residents. Limitation: This research has limited research time to meet the expected number of respondents. The source data is from a user Wattpad range between 13 and 25 years old.

Świadczenia dla działaczy opozycji antykomunistycznej i osób represjonowanych z powodów politycznych

The purpose of the study is to present the benefits for anti-communist opposition activists and persons repressed because of anti-communist activity normalized in the Act of 20 March 2015 on anti-communist opposition activists and persons repressed for political reasons. The regulation is a relatively new manifestation of the state’s historical and social policy in the field of social security of citizens fighting for the sovereignty and independence of the homeland, not discussed in much detail in the literature. As part of the introductory remarks, the paper points out the place of benefits for “oppositionists” in the social security system, their constitutional conditions, as well as the motives and goals that guided the legislator while passing the law. In the further part of the study, the subject and object scope of these benefits were indicated, particularly the criteria based on which notions of anti-communist opposition activist and person repressed for political reasons were defined. It was stressed that some manifestations of “opposition” activity are at the same time elements defining other categories of persons involved in the fight for sovereignty and independence of the homeland and that personal injury (its concrete form), as a rule, is not a constructional element of these concepts. Due to the limited scope of the study, only the legal regulation of financial benefits for “oppositionists” was analyzed in more detail. The description takes into account changes in the legal regulation of their catalog and the conditions of their use. The article assesses the adequacy of the adopted legal solutions to the assumed objectives of the benefits and comments formulated in the analysis of the concept of anti-communist opposition activist and person repressed for political reasons. The analysis leads to the conclusion that in the current legal state, the benefits for “oppositionists” are an expression of the legislator’s aspiration to exclude them from the group of social assistance recipients and to guarantee them support taking into account their merits for Poland. This support is a form of specific — “tailored to meet the needs of social security and the financial capabilities of the state” — partial compensation of damages, including those caused by the opposition, as well as non-material damage, even though its specific forms do not directly determine the subjective and objective prerequisites for determining the right to benefits. However, the omission of the family members of a deceased “oppositionist” from the group of entities entitled to benefits was regarded as dubious.

European Deposit Insurance Scheme(s) – Consequences for the EU’s Financial Stability

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the potential consequences that the shortcomings in harmonising the national deposit guarantee schemes may have on the financial stability of the European Union. The relevance of this subject is underlined both by the European Commission’s intention to revive the European Deposit Insurance Scheme project in 2021 and the recent signals from Germany that they are willing to support the initiative. The paper presents a review of the discussions on establishing a European Deposit Insurance Scheme, the reasons for the project’s failure and the consensus solution that took the form of the Deposit Guarantee Scheme Directive (DGSD). The limited scope of deposit guarantee scheme harmonisation under this directive is discussed in the context of the related EBA opinions pointing to different areas of potential improvements. Differences in national implementation are also reviewed in terms of their potential impact on financial stability. Apart from a careful literature review, statistical analysis of the available financial information characterizing the largest national deposit schemes of the euro is performed to quantify their progress towards the target level of the available financial means. The results prove that most national schemes are still far from reaching the 0.8% target level of readily available funds and that potentially desirable amendments to the DGSD may drag them even further away from reaching that target by 2024. The author concludes that from the perspective of financial stability, the EU should focus on establishing a single scheme at an international level that would complete the project of establishing a banking union. The results contribute to the ongoing discussion on the need to further integrate the national deposit guarantee schemes inside the EU.

Rising Temperature Effects on Growth and Gastric Emptying Time of Freshwater African Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus) Fingerlings

The present study was carried out to analyse the effect of water temperature on two components: (1) growth performance, and (2) gastric emptying time (GET) of African catfish Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. After 70 days, it was observed that experimental temperatures had no significant effects on the growth performance parameters, except for food conversion ratio (FCR) and food conversion efficiency (FCE). GET observation through X-radiography denoted that the shortest GET (10 h) was observed in fish reared at 32 °C and the longest GET (16 h) was observed in fish reared at 26 °C. The rapid digestion rate coincides with the FCR and FCE obtained in this study. Considering the limited scope of our study, more extensive studies on the impact of water temperature on other fish physiological parameters should be pursued. A better understanding of this research topic would be beneficial for the growth of African catfish fingerling aquaculture.

How Does Business Strategy Treat Cognition?

<p>Strategizing is a human cognitive activity. While this may suggest that business strategy would focus on human cognition, this thesis finds the opposite – that business strategy overwhelmingly treats cognition superficially, and that business strategy consequently is limited and underperforms. This thesis recommends a cognitive turn that places cognition at the centre of business strategy and thereby enables the enhanced research and execution of business strategy. To research the question “how does business strategy treat cognition?” requires an epistemology that admits cognition. Having found no such epistemology, this thesis creates its own – Pragmatic Cognitivism. A research method that is based upon the works of Michel Foucault, and which aligns with this epistemology, is adopted to analyse two mainstream business strategy discourses and two academic business strategy discourses. This analysis finds that business strategy, driven by Enlightenment thinking and human sciences, perceives itself to be the problem and creates a large variety of approaches to strategy and strategy solutions. The development of these approaches establishes both the discipline of strategy and the role of the strategist. The analysis concludes that business strategy often ignores cognition and, when it is considered, it is treated only as a side issue. Furthermore, strategy solutions are not cognitive solutions, tasks such as learning and designing strategy are not considered, there is no consideration of knowledge of strategy and strategy intentions, and the subconscious is rarely mentioned. Conditions that have led to this limited treatment of cognition include a scientific approach that does not easily cater for cognition and the complexities of understanding the mind. For business strategy, this has resulted in methodological approaches, a limited scope, and underperformance. Business strategy has developed in such a way that its own context is the limiting factor – business strategy cannot perform well because its core ingredient, cognition, is left untreated. This thesis recommends a cognitive turn in business strategy that makes cognition the centre of strategy discourses. This is not to wholly reject current discourses, but it is a fundamental shift in how business strategy is conceived, researched, and executed. By placing cognition at the centre of strategy interpretations, strategy can potentially develop higher levels of performance rather than being structurally constrained. The necessary starting point for such a cognitive turn is epistemological – to enable cognition to be well thought. Pragmatic Cognitivism is recommended as an epistemology that enables the reinstatement of the concepts of intuition and judgment, the inclusion of the subconscious as a cognitive factor, and the consideration of group cognitive dynamics. Such a cognitive turn is not an increased drawing of theory from contemporary psychology – it is a turn to concepts initially found in pre-behavioural approaches. This thesis seeks to understand business strategy in the present by exploring how business strategy has treated human cognition in the past.</p>

How Does Business Strategy Treat Cognition?

<p>Strategizing is a human cognitive activity. While this may suggest that business strategy would focus on human cognition, this thesis finds the opposite – that business strategy overwhelmingly treats cognition superficially, and that business strategy consequently is limited and underperforms. This thesis recommends a cognitive turn that places cognition at the centre of business strategy and thereby enables the enhanced research and execution of business strategy. To research the question “how does business strategy treat cognition?” requires an epistemology that admits cognition. Having found no such epistemology, this thesis creates its own – Pragmatic Cognitivism. A research method that is based upon the works of Michel Foucault, and which aligns with this epistemology, is adopted to analyse two mainstream business strategy discourses and two academic business strategy discourses. This analysis finds that business strategy, driven by Enlightenment thinking and human sciences, perceives itself to be the problem and creates a large variety of approaches to strategy and strategy solutions. The development of these approaches establishes both the discipline of strategy and the role of the strategist. The analysis concludes that business strategy often ignores cognition and, when it is considered, it is treated only as a side issue. Furthermore, strategy solutions are not cognitive solutions, tasks such as learning and designing strategy are not considered, there is no consideration of knowledge of strategy and strategy intentions, and the subconscious is rarely mentioned. Conditions that have led to this limited treatment of cognition include a scientific approach that does not easily cater for cognition and the complexities of understanding the mind. For business strategy, this has resulted in methodological approaches, a limited scope, and underperformance. Business strategy has developed in such a way that its own context is the limiting factor – business strategy cannot perform well because its core ingredient, cognition, is left untreated. This thesis recommends a cognitive turn in business strategy that makes cognition the centre of strategy discourses. This is not to wholly reject current discourses, but it is a fundamental shift in how business strategy is conceived, researched, and executed. By placing cognition at the centre of strategy interpretations, strategy can potentially develop higher levels of performance rather than being structurally constrained. The necessary starting point for such a cognitive turn is epistemological – to enable cognition to be well thought. Pragmatic Cognitivism is recommended as an epistemology that enables the reinstatement of the concepts of intuition and judgment, the inclusion of the subconscious as a cognitive factor, and the consideration of group cognitive dynamics. Such a cognitive turn is not an increased drawing of theory from contemporary psychology – it is a turn to concepts initially found in pre-behavioural approaches. This thesis seeks to understand business strategy in the present by exploring how business strategy has treated human cognition in the past.</p>

Quantifying the international collaboration of researchers and research institutions

Author-level metrics (number of publications, citations, h-index) remain prime yet controversial measures of academic performance. Among other issues, they do not account for collaboration and knowledge transfer between people, institutions and, ultimately, countries. They also do nothing to contradict the oblivion to which knowledge and data providers, such as field or lab researchers across the world, are often relegated, and they often serve to intensify the differences between high- and low-income countries. The internationalization of institutions is also gaining relevance, although no standard metrics exist yet. Given these considerations, the evaluation of careers and institutions by publication numbers does nothing to contradict the persistence of considerable inequalities within academia.To help change the status quo, we propose the i-index, a publication metric that incentivizes the collaborative attitude of scientists across borders. Following the same rationale used to calculate the h-index, we express the i-index as the i number of co-author countries in more than i publications. Widespread use of the index may promote the quest for international collaboration beyond the limited scope of one’s own country. It enhances the transfer of knowledge and recognition of often relegated collaborators. We also test the index at the institutional level, providing a tool that helps to quantify the effort many institutions are making toward fair practices in research benefits and data sharing. Our ultimate goal is that the adoption of this index will incentivize sharing and collaboration between those countries with greater access to research funding and infrastructure and less developed countries.

REGULISANjE POSLOVA POSREDOVANjA U OSIGURANjU

In modern practice, concluding insurance contracts is mostly done through insurance brokers-intermediaries. Today, the term insurance insurance brokerage, in a broader sense, means the activity of insurance mediation, which is professionally performed by legal and natural persons who are called insurance brokers. The subject of the research also consists in the answer to the disputable questions regarding the insurance brokerage in order to put a light on significant segments of the reasons for surrender, as well as to propose their further improvements. In the following text, having in mind the complexity of the topic, and the limited scope of work, a review will be made of the main specifics in both domestic and comparative law.

Planning a Dublin–Belfast Economic Corridor: Networks, engagement and creating opportunities

Cross-border cooperation on the island of Ireland has a long history, if often a limited scope. The emergence of statutory North/South bodies after the Belfast/Good Friday Agreement of 1998 added a new dynamic. This paper argues that the further development of the Dublin–Belfast Economic Corridor will require key stakeholders to engage widely, not only with a private sector whose rationale will be greater levels of commercial activity along the Corridor but also with others who will bring additional agendas into discussion, including sustainability and quality of life. Political engagement will also be critical to ensure that the top-down support, in terms of investment and alignment with other policy priorities, is present. The framework for this collaboration is already in place, something that was absent in the 1990s. Actors and policy entrepreneurs who can bring together the different types of engagement on a cross-border basis are required.

Cellular and Molecular Mechanism of Liver Fibrosis: A Critical Insight

Diseases are there, some are curable but certain diseases are life threatening. The dreadfulness of liver fibrosis created much attention in 21st century among pharmaceutical researchers. Usually liver fibrosis is asymptomatic and patients with advanced cirrhosis symptoms will have limited scope for reversibility. Recognition of asymptomatic individuals by considering them as critical is the fundamental step to control the liver-related morbidity and mortality. By reviewing the previous mortality analysis around the globe it is reported that liver fibrosis is the second leading cause of mortality in US, fifth most common cause of death in Germany, UK as well as tenth most frequent cause of fatality in India and around 10 lakh patients are diagnosed globally in every year. Liver fibrosis often leads to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and progress towards liver failure which results due to excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, especially collagen type-1 contributed by hepatic stellate cells. The current study is based on for analyzing the molecular basis of liver fibrosis so that, it will be helpful for finding its route cause in cellular level which will guide as a future direction for developing new theranostic approaches for the early diagnosis of liver fibrosis.