Interpersonal Similarity and the Social and Intellectual Dimensions of First Impressions

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Lydon ◽  
David W. Jamieson ◽  
Mark P. Zanna
Keyword(s):  
First Impressions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interpersonal Similarity

Self-Expression While Drinking Alcohol: Alcohol Influences Personality Expression During First Impressions

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
Edward Orehek ◽  
Lauren J. Human ◽  
Michael A. Sayette ◽  
John D. Dimoff ◽  
Rachel P. Winograd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
First Impressions ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
The Social ◽  
Alcohol Alcohol ◽  
Thin Slicing

People are motivated to be perceived both positively and accurately and, therefore, approach social settings and adopt means that allow them to reach these goals. We investigated whether alcohol consumption helps or hinders the positivity and accuracy of social impressions using a thin-slicing paradigm to better understand the effects of alcohol in social settings and the influence of alcohol on self-expression. These possibilities were tested in a sample of 720 participants randomly assigned to consume an alcohol, placebo, or control beverage while engaged in conversation in three-person groups. We found support for the hypothesis that alcohol (compared with placebo or control) increased the positivity of observers’ personality expression, but did not find support for the hypothesis that alcohol increased the accuracy of personality expression. These findings contribute to our understanding of the social consequences of alcohol consumption, shedding new light on the interpersonal benefits that alcohol can foster.

Variability in first impressions of autistic adults made by neurotypical raters is driven more by characteristics of the rater than by characteristics of autistic adults

Autism ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1817-1829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerrianne E Morrison ◽  
Kilee M DeBrabander ◽  
Daniel J Faso ◽  
Noah J Sasson
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Social Experiences ◽  
First Impressions ◽  
Large Role ◽  
Knowledge And Beliefs ◽  
The Social ◽  
First Impression ◽  
Autism Knowledge ◽  
Autistic Adults

Previous work indicates that first impressions of autistic adults are more favorable when neurotypical raters know their clinical diagnosis and have high understanding about autism, suggesting that social experiences of autistic adults are affected by the knowledge and beliefs of the neurotypical individuals they encounter. Here, we examine these patterns in more detail by assessing variability in first impression ratings of autistic adults ( N = 20) by neurotypical raters ( N = 505). Variability in ratings was driven more by characteristics of raters than those of autistic adults, particularly for items related to “intentions to interact.” Specifically, variability in rater stigma toward autism and autism knowledge contributed to first impression ratings. Only ratings of “awkwardness” were driven more by characteristics of the autistic adults than characteristics of the raters. Furthermore, although first impressions of autistic adults generally improved when raters were informed of their autism status, providing a diagnosis worsened impressions made by neurotypical raters with high stigma toward autism. Variations in how the diagnosis was labeled (e.g. “autistic” vs “has autism”) did not affect results. These findings indicate a large role of neurotypical perceptions and biases in shaping the social experiences for autistic adults that may be improved by reducing stigma and increasing acceptance.

scholarly journals A neuronal social trait space for first impressions in the human amygdala and hippocampus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runnan Cao ◽  
Chujun Lin ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Alexander Todorov ◽  
Nicholas J Brandmeir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Neuronal Population ◽  
First Impressions ◽  
Population Code ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Social Traits ◽  
The Social ◽  
Neurosurgical Patients ◽  
Social Trait ◽  
Trait Space

AbstractPeople instantaneously evaluate faces with significant agreement on evaluations of social traits. However, the neural basis for such rapid spontaneous face evaluation remains largely unknown. Here, we recorded from 490 neurons in the amygdala and hippocampus in 5 neurosurgical patients and show that amygdala and hippocampal neurons encode a social trait space. We further investigated the temporal evolution and modulation on the social trait representation, and we employed encoding and decoding models to reveal the critical social traits for the trait space. We also recorded from another 259 neurons and replicated our findings using different social traits. Lastly, the neuronal social trait space may have a behavioral consequence likely involved in the abnormal processing of social information in autism. Together, our results suggest that there exists a neuronal population code for a comprehensive social trait space in the human amygdala and hippocampus that underlie spontaneous first impressions.

scholarly journals Perceptions of self and other: Social judgments and gaze patterns to videos of adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorder

Autism ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 846-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth B Grossman ◽  
Julia Mertens ◽  
Emily Zane
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
First Impressions ◽  
Social Judgments ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Gaze Patterns ◽  
The Social ◽  
Adolescents With Autism

Neurotypical adults often form negative first impressions of individuals with autism spectrum disorder and are less interested in engaging with them socially. In contrast, individuals with autism spectrum disorder actively seek out the company of others who share their diagnosis. It is not clear, however, whether individuals with autism spectrum disorder form more positive first impressions of autistic peers when diagnosis is not explicitly shared. We asked adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorder to watch brief video clips of adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorder and answer questions about their impressions of the individuals in the videos. Questions were related to participants’ perceptions of the social skills of the individuals in the video, as well as their own willingness to interact with that person. We also measured gaze patterns to the faces, eyes, and mouths of adolescents in the video stimuli. Both participant groups spent less time gazing at videos of autistic adolescents. Regardless of diagnostic group, all participants provided more negative judgments of autistic than neurotypical adolescents in the videos. These data indicate that, without being explicitly informed of a shared diagnosis, adolescents with autism spectrum disorder form negative first impressions of autistic adolescents that are similar to, or lower than, those formed by neurotypical peers.

scholarly journals The Dark Side of a Smiley

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 614-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ella Glikson ◽  
Arik Cheshin ◽  
Gerben A. van Kleef
Keyword(s):  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
First Impressions ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

First impressions are heavily influenced by emotional expressions such as smiles. In face-to-face contact, smiling individuals are perceived as warmer and as more competent than nonsmiling individuals. In computer-mediated communication, which is primarily text-based, the “smiley” (☺) constitutes the digital representation of a smile. But is a smiley a suitable replacement for a smile? We conducted three experiments to examine the impact of smiley use on virtual first impressions in work-related contexts. Our findings provide first-time evidence that, contrary to actual smiles, smileys do not increase perceptions of warmth and actually decrease perceptions of competence. Perceptions of low competence in turn undermined information sharing. The adverse effects of smiley use are moderated by the formality of the social context and mediated by perceptions of message appropriateness. These results indicate that a smiley is not a smile. The findings have implications for theorizing on the social functionality of virtual emotional expressions.

The Social Origins and Provenance of the English Bishops during the Reign of Edward II

1959 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 51-79
Author(s):  
K. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Early Career ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Origins ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Edward Ii ◽  
The Social ◽  
Complete Study ◽  
History Of

During the last twenty or twenty-five years medieval historians have been much interested in the composition of the English episcopate. A number of studies of it have been published on periods ranging from the eleventh to the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. A further paper might well seem superfluous. My reason for offering one is that most previous writers have concentrated on analysing the professional circles from which the bishops were drawn, and suggesting the influences which their early careers as royal clerks, university masters and students, secular or regular clergy, may have had on their later work as bishops. They have shown comparatively little interest in their social background and provenance, except for those bishops who belonged to magnate families. Some years ago, when working on the political activities of Edward II's bishops, it seemed to me that social origins, family connexions and provenance might in a number of cases have had at least as much influence on a bishop's attitude to politics as his early career. I there fore collected information about the origins and provenance of these bishops. I now think that a rather more careful and complete study of this subject might throw further light not only on the political history of the reign, but on other problems connected with the character and work of the English episcopate. There is a general impression that in England in the later middle ages the bishops' ties with their dioceses were becoming less close, and that they were normally spending less time in diocesan work than their predecessors in the thirteenth century.

Social transmission bias and the cultural evolution of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hirshleifer ◽  
Siew Hong Teoh
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Social Transmission ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Economic Attitudes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Beliefs ◽  
Over Time

AbstractEvolved dispositions influence, but do not determine, how people think about economic problems. The evolutionary cognitive approach offers important insights but underweights the social transmission of ideas as a level of explanation. The need for asocialexplanation for the evolution of economic attitudes is evidenced, for example, by immense variations in folk-economic beliefs over time and across individuals.

Individual differences, social attention, and the history of the social motivation hypotheses of autism

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Mundy
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Social Attention ◽  
Social Emotional Development ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Abstract The stereotype of people with autism as unresponsive or uninterested in other people was prominent in the 1980s. However, this view of autism has steadily given way to recognition of important individual differences in the social-emotional development of affected people and a more precise understanding of the possible role social motivation has in their early development.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document