scholarly journals Neighborhood Disadvantage and Active, Disabled and Total Life Expectancy Among Community-living Older Persons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Gill ◽  
Emma X. Zang ◽  
Terrence E. Murphy ◽  
Linda Leo-Summers ◽  
Evelyne A. Gahbauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Neighborhood Disadvantage ◽  
Community Living ◽  
Remaining Life ◽  
Disadvantaged Group ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Total Life Expectancy ◽  
Total Life

AbstractBackgroundNeighborhood disadvantage is a novel social determinant of health that could adversely affect the functional well-being and longevity of older persons. We evaluated whether estimates of active, disabled and total life expectancy differ on the basis of neighborhood disadvantage after accounting for individual-level socioeconomic characteristics and other prognostic factors.MethodsWe used data on 754 community-living older persons from South Central Connecticut, who completed monthly assessments of disability from 1998 to 2020. Scores on the area deprivation index were dichotomized at the 80th state percentile to distinguish neighborhoods that were disadvantaged (81-100) from those that were not (1-80).ResultsWithin 5-year age increments from 70 to 90, active and total life expectancy were consistently lower in participants from neighborhoods that were disadvantaged versus not disadvantaged, and these differences persisted and remained statistically significant after adjustment for individual-level race/ethnicity, education, income, and other prognostic factors. At age 70, adjusted estimates (95% CI) for active and total life expectancy (in years) were 12.3 (11.5-13.1) and 15.0 (13.8-16.1) in the disadvantaged group and 14.2 (13.5-14.7) and 16.7 (15.9-17.5) in the non-disadvantaged group. At each age, participants from disadvantaged neighborhoods spent a greater percentage of their projected remaining life disabled, relative to those from non-disadvantaged neighborhoods, with adjusted values (SE) ranging from 17.7 (0.8) vs. 15.3 (0.5) at age 70 to 55.0 (1.7) vs. 48.1 (1.3) at age 90.ConclusionsLiving in a disadvantaged neighborhood is associated with lower active and total life expectancy and a greater percentage of projected remaining life disabled.

Poverty, Income, and Unemployment as Determinants of Life Expectancy: Empirical Evidence from Panel Data of Thirteen Malaysian States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled TAFRAN ◽  
Makmor TUMIN ◽  
Ahmad Farid OSMAN
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Socioeconomic Variables ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Total Life Expectancy ◽  
Official Sources ◽  
Total Life

Background: The primary indicator of public health, which all nations aim to prolong, is life expectancy at birth. Uncovering its socioeconomic determinants is key to extending life expectancy. This study examined the determinants of life expectancy in Malaysia. Methods: This observational study employs secondary data from various official sources of 12 states and one federal territory in Malaysia (2002-2014). Panel data of 78 observations (13 cross-sections at six points in time) were used in multivariate, fixed-effect, regressions to estimate the effects of socioeconomic variables on life expectancy at birth for male, female and both-gender. Results: Poverty and income significantly determine female, male, and total life expectancies. Unemployment significantly determines female and total life expectancies, but not male. Income inequality and public spending on health (as a percentage of total health spending) do not significantly determine life expectancy. The coefficients of the multivariate regressions suggest that a 1% reduction in poverty, 1% reduction in unemployment, and around USD 23.20 increase in household monthly income prolong total life expectancy at birth by 17.9, 72.0, and 16.3 d, respectively. The magnitudes of the effects of the socioeconomic variables on life expectancy vary somewhat by gender. Conclusion: Life expectancy in Malaysia is higher than the world average and higher than that in some developing countries in the region. However, it is far lower than the advanced world. Reducing poverty and unemployment and increasing income are three effective channels to enhance longevity.

scholarly journals Inequalities in Life Expectancy With Frailty Among Brazilian Older Adults: A Multistate Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Correia Alves ◽  
Flávia Cristina Drumond Andrade ◽  
Ligiana Pires Corona ◽  
Jair Licio Ferreira Santos ◽  
Yeda Aparecida De Oliveira Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Frailty Status ◽  
Total Life Expectancy ◽  
Aging Societies ◽  
Total Life

Abstract Background and Objectives Frailty is considered one of the major conditions faced by aging societies. Little has been reported about the effect of becoming frail on life expectancy among older adults in developing countries. The aim was to estimate total life expectancy and life expectancy with or without frailty by age, sex, and education among older adults in Brazil. Data and Methods:  The study was developed based on information provided by the Health, Well-being, and Aging (SABE) Study. The sample included 1,399 older adults (≥60 years old) followed up from 2006 to 2010. Frailty status was classified according to the Fried criteria. Additional variables include age (in years), gender, and years of education. Estimates of total life expectancy, frailty-free life expectancy, and frailty life expectancy were obtained using the multistate life table method. Results At the baseline, the proportion of individuals with frailty was 13.7% and participants had, on average, 4.0 years of education. Men had more years of education than women (4.6 vs. 3.7, p < .001). Older adults with higher education live fewer years with frailty. Compared with older adults with no education, those with 6 years of education have higher frailty-free life expectancy. At age 70, men with no education expect to live 9.1 years (95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.8, 10.4) without frailty compared with 10.6 years (95% CI = 9.4, 11.8) among those with 6 years of education. Among women age 70, frailty-free life expectancy reaches 11.7 years (95% CI = 10.6, 12.8) among those with no education, but 13.9 years (95% CI = 12.5, 15.3) among those with 6 years. Implications Given the recent changes in educational achievement in Brazil, we believe that educational policies are powerful ways in addressing inequalities in healthy life expectancy. Public health policies aimed at avoiding the development of frailty among elderly at risk should be encouraged.

scholarly journals Age at Menopause, Cause-Specific Mortality and Total Life Expectancy

Epidemiology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlies E. Ossewaarde ◽  
Michiel L. Bots ◽  
Andr?? L. M. Verbeek ◽  
Petra H. M. Peeters ◽  
Yolanda van der Graaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Age At Menopause ◽  
Total Life Expectancy ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Total Life

scholarly journals Healthy lifestyle and life expectancy free of chronic diseases

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
Peerzada Umar Farooq Baba ◽  
Adil Hafeez Wani
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Total Life Expectancy ◽  
Lifestyle Measures ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Total Life

The average life expectancy in the world has increased substantially in the past few decades. Modifiable lifestyle factors including smoking, physical activity, alcohol intake, body weight, and diet quality affect both total life expectancy and incidence of chronic diseases. Few studies have comprehensively examined how a combination of multiple lifestyle factors may relate to life expectancy free from major diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. A Harvard team examined the effect of healthy lifestyle factors on life expectancy free of chronic diseases, using data from up to 34 years of follow-up in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) (1980-2014; n=73 196) and 28 years of follow-up in the Health Professions Follow-up Study (HPFS)(1986-2014;n=38 366). A healthy lifestyle score based on information on five lifestyle factors—diet, smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and body mass index (BMI) was derived. Five low-risk lifestyle factors included: never smoking, body mass index 18.5-24.9, moderate to vigorous physical activity (≥30 minutes/day), moderate alcohol intake (women: 5-15 g/day; men 5-30 g/day), and a higher diet quality score (upper 40%). Women who met all the healthful lifestyle measures had an additional 10.7 years of disease-free life compared with women who met no healthful lifestyle measures. For men, the number was 7.6 additional disease-free years. So it was concluded that a healthier lifestyle was associated with an increased total life expectancy and life expectancy free of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. Findings suggest that the promotion of a healthy lifestyle would help to reduce healthcare burdens. Public policies for improving food and the physical environment conducive to adopting a healthy diet and lifestyle are critical to improving life expectancy, especially life expectancy free of major chronic diseases. Source: BMJ 2020; 368:l6669 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l6669

US State Disparities in Life Expectancy, Disability-Free Life Expectancy, and Disabled Life Expectancy Among Adults Aged 25 to 89 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 708-717
Author(s):  
Mateo P. Farina ◽  
Anna Zajacova ◽  
Jennifer Karas Montez ◽  
Mark D. Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Us States ◽  
Southern States ◽  
Total Life Expectancy ◽  
Similar Range ◽  
Disability Free Life Expectancy ◽  
Total Life

Objectives. To estimate total life expectancy (TLE), disability-free life expectancy (DFLE), and disabled life expectancy (DLE) by US state for women and men aged 25 to 89 years and examine the cross-state patterns. Methods. We used data from the 2013–2017 American Community Survey and the 2017 US Mortality Database to calculate state-specific TLE, DFLE, and DLE by gender for US adults and hypothetical worst- and best-case scenarios. Results. For men and women, DFLEs and DLEs varied widely by state. Among women, DFLE ranged from 45.8 years in West Virginia to 52.5 years in Hawaii, a 6.7-year gap. Men had a similar range. The gap in DLEs across states was 2.4 years for women and 1.6 years for men. The correlation among DFLE, DLE, and TLE was particularly strong in southern states. The South is doubly disadvantaged: residents have shorter lives and spend a greater proportion of those lives with disability. Conclusions. The stark variation in DFLE and DLE across states highlights the large health inequalities present today across the United States, which have significant implications for individuals’ well-being and US states’ financial costs and medical care burden.

Increasing inequalities in disability-free life expectancy among older adults in Sweden 2002–2014

2021 ◽  
pp. 140349482110623
Author(s):  
Louise Sundberg ◽  
Neda Agahi ◽  
Jonas W. Wastesson ◽  
Johan Fritzell ◽  
Stefan Fors
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Educational Inequalities ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
Educational Differences ◽  
Total Life Expectancy ◽  
Disability Free Life Expectancy ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
Sullivan Method ◽  
Total Life

Background: In an aging society with increasing old age life expectancy, it has become increasingly important to monitor the health development in the population. This paper combines information on mortality and disability and explores educational inequalities in disability-free life expectancy in the aging population in Sweden, and to what extent these inequalities have increased or decreased over time. Methods: A random sample of the Swedish population aged 77 years and above ( n=2895) provided information about disability in the population in the years 2002, 2004, 2011 and 2014. The prevalence of disability was assessed by five items of personal activities of daily living and incorporated in period life tables for the corresponding years, using the Sullivan method. The analyses were stratified by sex and educational attainment. Estimates at ages 77 and 85 years are presented. Results: Disability-free life expectancy at age 77 years increased more than total life expectancy for all except men with lower education. Women with higher education had a 2.7-year increase and women with lower education a 1.6-year increase. The corresponding numbers for men were 2.0 and 0.8 years. The educational gap in disability-free life expectancy increased by 1.2 years at age 77 years for both men and women. Conclusions: While most of the increase in life expectancy was years free from disability, men with lower education had an increase of years with disability. The educational differences prevailed and increased over the period as the gains in disability-free life expectancy were smaller among those with lower education.

Decennial trends and inequalities in healthy life expectancy: The HUNT Study, Norway

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siri H. Storeng ◽  
Steinar Krokstad ◽  
Steinar Westin ◽  
Erik R. Sund
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Healthy Life Expectancy ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Total Life Expectancy ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Educational Groups ◽  
Hunt Study ◽  
Total Life

Aims: Norway is experiencing a rising life expectancy combined with an increasing dependency ratio – the ratio of those outside over those within the working force. To provide data relevant for future health policy we wanted to study trends in total and healthy life expectancy in a Norwegian population over three decades (1980s, 1990s and 2000s), both overall and across gender and educational groups. Methods: Data were obtained from the HUNT Study, and the Norwegian Educational Database. We calculated total life expectancy and used the Sullivan method to calculate healthy life expectancies based on self-rated health and self-reported longstanding limiting illness. The change in health expectancies was decomposed into mortality and disability effects. Results: During three consecutive decades we found an increase in life expectancy for 30-year-olds (~7 years) and expected lifetime in self-rated good health (~6 years), but time without longstanding limiting illness increased less (1.5 years). Women could expect to live longer than men, but the extra life years for females were spent in poor self-rated health and with longstanding limiting illness. Differences in total life expectancy between educational groups decreased, whereas differences in expected lifetime in self-rated good health and lifetime without longstanding limiting illness increased. Conclusions: The increase in total life expectancy was accompanied by an increasing number of years spent in good self-rated health but more years with longstanding limiting illness. This suggests increasing health care needs for people with chronic diseases, given an increasing number of elderly. Socioeconomic health inequalities remain a challenge for increasing pensioning age.

Impact of Diabetes on Life and Healthy Life Expectancy Among Older Women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Befikadu L Wubishet ◽  
Julie E Byles ◽  
Melissa L Harris ◽  
Carol Jagger
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Healthy Life Expectancy ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Total Life Expectancy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Life

Abstract Background Diabetes is a major chronic condition with ever-increasing health and economic burden. This study aimed to measure the impact of diabetes on total life expectancy (TLE) and healthy life expectancy (HLE) at ages 70 and 80 and to assess how educational level, obesity, and comorbidity affected the expectancies. Methods The study involved 9849 population-representative women born between 1921 and 1926 from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (ALSWH). Self-rated health was obtained from the ALSWH surveys. Diabetes diagnosis was ascertained using survey and health care administrative data. Total life expectancy and HLE were estimated for women with and without diabetes using multistate modeling. Results Diabetes was associated with an increased risk of poor health (adjusted risk ratio: 1.63, 95% confidence interval: 1.49–1.79). Diabetes was also associated with a reduction of 0.9 years in HLE and 2.6 years in TLE at age 70 and 0.4 years in HLE and 1.3 years in TLE at age 80. If a woman had low education, obesity, and more than 2 comorbidities in addition to diabetes, these reductions increased to 3.0 years in TLE and 7.9 years in HLE at age 70 and 1.5 years in TLE and 3.8 years in HLE at age 80. Conclusions Diabetes substantially reduced older women’s quantity and quality of life, with further reductions for those with lower education, obesity, and comorbidities. These findings underscore the importance of optimally managing diabetes by maintaining a healthy weight and delaying the onset of comorbidities, to promote healthy aging for older women with diabetes.

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