scholarly journals A global multiregional proteomic map of the human cerebral cortex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengguang Guo ◽  
Chen Shao ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Wenying Qiu ◽  
Wenting Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
Human Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Functional Connections ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Proteomic Map

AbstractThe Brodmann area (BA)-based map is one of the most widely used cortical maps for studies of human brain functions and in clinical practice; however, the molecular architecture of BAs remain unknown. The present study provided a global multiregional proteomic map of the human cerebral cortex by analyzing 29 BAs. These 29 BAs were grouped into 6 clusters based on similarities in proteomic patterns: the motor and sensory cluster, vision cluster, auditory cluster and Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area cluster, cingulate cortex cluster, and heterogeneous function cluster. We identified 474 cluster-specific and 134 BA-specific signature proteins whose functions are closely associated with specialized functions and disease vulnerability of the corresponding cluster or BA. The findings of the present study could provide explanations for the functional connections between the anterior cingulate cortex and sensorimotor cortex and for anxiety-related function in the sensorimotor cortex. The brain transcriptomic and proteomic comparison indicated that they both could reflect the function of cerebral cortex, but showed different characteristics. These proteomic data are publicly available at the Human Brain Proteome Atlas (www.brain-omics.com). Our results may enhance our understanding of the molecular basis of brain functions and provide an important resource to support human brain research.

scholarly journals SNAP-25a/b Isoform Levels in Human Brain Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex and Anterior Cingulate Cortex

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Thompson ◽  
Dianne A. Cruz ◽  
Elizabeth A. Fucich ◽  
Dianna Y. Olukotun ◽  
Masami Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

scholarly journals Global and Regional Development of the Human Cerebral Cortex: Molecular Architecture and Occupational Aptitudes

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 4121-4139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Shin ◽  
Shaojie Ma ◽  
Edith Hofer ◽  
Yash Patel ◽  
Daniel E Vosberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Form Perception ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
Human Cerebral Cortex

Abstract We have carried out meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) (n = 23 784) of the first two principal components (PCs) that group together cortical regions with shared variance in their surface area. PC1 (global) captured variations of most regions, whereas PC2 (visual) was specific to the primary and secondary visual cortices. We identified a total of 18 (PC1) and 17 (PC2) independent loci, which were replicated in another 25 746 individuals. The loci of the global PC1 included those associated previously with intracranial volume and/or general cognitive function, such as MAPT and IGF2BP1. The loci of the visual PC2 included DAAM1, a key player in the planar-cell-polarity pathway. We then tested associations with occupational aptitudes and, as predicted, found that the global PC1 was associated with General Learning Ability, and the visual PC2 was associated with the Form Perception aptitude. These results suggest that interindividual variations in global and regional development of the human cerebral cortex (and its molecular architecture) cascade—albeit in a very limited manner—to behaviors as complex as the choice of one’s occupation.

Axon bundle spacing in the anterior cingulate cortex of the human brain

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 1389-1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrica Di Rosa ◽  
Timothy J. Crow ◽  
Steven A. Chance
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Axon Bundle

scholarly journals Age-specific gene signatures underlying the transcriptomes and functional connectomes of human cerebral cortex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingzhong Zhao ◽  
Jingqi Chen ◽  
Peipei Xiao ◽  
Jianfeng Feng ◽  
Ning Qing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Human Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Gene Signatures ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Age Related

AbstractThe human cerebral cortex undergoes profound structural and functional dynamic variations across the lifespan, whereas the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, with a novel method TCA (Transcriptome-connectome Correlation Analysis), which integrates the brain functional MR magnetic resonance images and region-specific transcriptomes, we identify age-specific cortex (ASC) gene signatures for adolescence, early adulthood, and late adulthood. The ASC gene signatures are significantly correlated with the cortical thickness (P-value <2.00e-3) and myelination (P-value <1.00e-3), two key brain structural features that vary in accordance with brain development. In addition to the molecular underpinning of age-related brain functions, the ASC gene signatures allow delineation of the molecular mechanisms of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as the regulation between ARNT2 and its target gene ETF1 involved in Schizophrenia. We further validate the ASC gene signatures with published gene sets associated with the adult cortex, and confirm the robustness of TCA on other brain image datasets.

scholarly journals A Global Multiregional Proteomic Map of the Human Cerebral Cortex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengguang Guo ◽  
Chen Shao ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Wenying Qiu ◽  
Wenting Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Human Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Proteomic Map

scholarly journals Human cerebral cortex networks use expanding and contracting state dynamic to shape cortical functions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Willumsen ◽  
Jens Midtgaard ◽  
Bo Jespersen ◽  
Christoffer K.K. Hansen ◽  
Salina N. Lam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
List Type ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Human Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
Cortical Dynamics ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
Attractor Dynamic

SummaryWe lack viable explanations of how collective activities of neurons in networks produce brain functions. We recorded field potentials from many local networks in the human cerebral cortex during a wide variety of brain functions. The network dynamics showed that each local cortical network produced fluctuating attractor states. The state trajectories continuously stretched and contracted during all brain functions, leaving no stable patterns. Different local networks all produced this dynamic, despite different architectures. Single trial stimuli and tasks modified the stretching and contractions. These modified fluctuations cross-correlated among particular networks during specific brain functions. Spontaneous activity, rest, sensory, motor and cognitive functions all emerged from this dynamic. Its mathematical structure provides a general theoretical model of cortical dynamics that can be tested experimentally. This universal dynamic is a simple functional organizing principle for brain functions at the mm3 scale that is distinct from existing frameworks.Graphical abstractIn briefWillumsen et al. developed a method to show that local cortical networks contribute to sensory, motor and cognitive functions by stretching and contracting the trajectory of the multidimensional field potential. In single trials the networks communicate by cross-correlating the stretching and contracting. This ubiquitous attractor dynamic forms a departure from existing models of how postsynaptic dynamics contribute to sensory, motor and cognitive brain functions.HighlightsCortical fluctuating expanding and contacting attractor dynamics (FECAT) drive collective postsynaptic operations at the mm3 scaleFECAT dynamic accounted for all behavioral conditions and all tested cortical areasCortical states show no stationary patterns, but continuously expand and contract with a stable attractor dynamicOur method reveals multi-dimensional cortical dynamics in field potentials, also useful for EEG and MEG

scholarly journals Identifying age-specific gene signatures of the human cerebral cortex with joint analysis of transcriptomes and functional connectomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingzhong Zhao ◽  
Jingqi Chen ◽  
Peipei Xiao ◽  
Jianfeng Feng ◽  
Qing Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Human Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Gene Signatures ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Age Related

Abstract The human cerebral cortex undergoes profound structural and functional dynamic variations across the lifespan, whereas the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, with a novel method transcriptome-connectome correlation analysis (TCA), which integrates the brain functional magnetic resonance images and region-specific transcriptomes, we identify age-specific cortex (ASC) gene signatures for adolescence, early adulthood and late adulthood. The ASC gene signatures are significantly correlated with the cortical thickness (P-value &lt;2.00e-3) and myelination (P-value &lt;1.00e-3), two key brain structural features that vary in accordance with brain development. In addition to the molecular underpinning of age-related brain functions, the ASC gene signatures allow delineation of the molecular mechanisms of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as the regulation between ARNT2 and its target gene ETF1 involved in Schizophrenia. We further validate the ASC gene signatures with published gene sets associated with the adult cortex, and confirm the robustness of TCA on other brain image datasets. Availability: All scripts are written in R. Scripts for the TCA method and related statistics result can be freely accessed at https://github.com/Soulnature/TCA. Additional data related to this paper may be requested from the authors.

scholarly journals MULTIMODAL HUMAN BRAIN LONGITUDINAL PARCELLATION ACROSS LIFESPAN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUNYI YAN ◽  
JINZHU YANG ◽  
DAZHE ZHAO
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Subdivision ◽  
Connectivity Matrix ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Similarity Matrix ◽  
Human Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Population Average

Subdividing the human brain into several functionally distinct and spatially contiguous areas is important to understand the amazingly complex human cerebral cortex. However, adult aging is related to differences in the structure, function, and connectivity of brain areas, so that the single population subdivision does not apply to multiple age groups. Moreover, different modalities could provide affirmative and complementary information for the human brain subdivision. To obtain a more reasonable subdivision of the cerebral cortex, we make use of multimodal information to subdivide the human cerebral cortex across lifespan. Specifically, we first construct a population average functional connectivity matrix for each modality of each age group. Second, we separately calculate the population average similarity matrix for the cortical thickness and myelin modality of each age group. Finally, we fuse these population average matrixes to obtain the multimodal similarity matrix and feed it into the spectral clustering algorithm to generate the brain parcellation for each age group.

scholarly journals Highly reproducible human brain organoids recapitulate cerebral cortex cellular diversity.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Velasco ◽  
Bruna Paulsen ◽  
Paola Arlotta
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Previous Method ◽  
Human Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
Single Cell Rna Sequencing ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Detailed Protocol

Abstract Human brain organoids hold an unprecedented opportunity to observe, perturb, and study the early stages of human cortical development. Several protocols to generate brain organoids have been described in recent years[1, 2]. However, incomplete characterization and lack of organoid-to-organoid reproducibility has limited their application as an experimental model[3]. Here we describe a detailed protocol for the generation of human dorsal forebrain organoids that show highly reproducible generation of the rich diversity of cell types present in the developing human cerebral cortex. This protocol is a modification of a previous method described by Kadoshima et al.[4]. We also include a detailed description of the protocol used to dissociate organoids into single cells for single-cell RNA-sequencing.

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