scholarly journals Natural spring water gargle and direct RT-PCR for the diagnosis of COVID-19 (COVID-SPRING study)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannot Dumaresq ◽  
François Coutlée ◽  
Philippe J. Dufresne ◽  
Jean Longtin ◽  
Judith Fafard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Clinical Sensitivity ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Testing Frequency ◽  
Natural Spring Water ◽  
Natural Spring ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals

AbstractWe prospectively compared natural spring water gargle to combined oro-nasopharyngeal swab (ONPS) for the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in paired clinical specimens (1005 ONPS and 1005 gargles) collected from 987 unique early symptomatic as well as asymptomatic individuals from the community. Using a direct RT-PCR method with the Allplex™ 2019-nCoV Assay (Seegene), the clinical sensitivity of the gargle was 95.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 90.2 to 98.3%) and was similar to the sensitivity of the ONPS (93.8%; 95% CI, 88.2 to 97.3%), despite significantly lower viral RNA concentration in gargles, as reflected by higher cycle threshold values. No single specimen type detected all COVID-19 cases. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was stable in gargles at room temperature for at least 7 days. The simplicity of this sampling method coupled with the accessibility of spring water are clear advantages in a pandemic situation where testing frequency, turnaround time and shortage of consumables and trained staff are critical elements.

scholarly journals Natural spring water gargle and direct RT-PCR for the diagnosis of COVID-19 (COVID-SPRING study)

2021 ◽  
pp. 104995
Author(s):  
Jeannot Dumaresq ◽  
François Coutlée ◽  
Philippe J. Dufresne ◽  
Jean Longtin ◽  
Judith Fafard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Water ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Natural Spring Water ◽  
Natural Spring

Oxygen, Hydrogen, Boron and Lithium Isotope Data of a Natural Spring Water with an Extreme Composition: A Fluid from the Dehydrating Slab?

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 299-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziano Boschetti ◽  
Lorenzo Toscani ◽  
Paola Iacumin ◽  
Enricomaria Selmo
Keyword(s):  
Spring Water ◽  
Lithium Isotope ◽  
Isotope Data ◽  
Natural Spring Water ◽  
Natural Spring

scholarly journals Estimating the effectiveness of routine asymptomatic PCR testing at different frequencies for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Hellewell ◽  
Timothy W. Russell ◽  
Rupert Beale ◽  
Gavin Kelly ◽  
Catherine Houlihan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Symptomatic Infection ◽  
Testing Frequency ◽  
Peak Sensitivity ◽  
Pcr Test ◽  
Over Time

AbstractBackgroundRoutine asymptomatic testing using RT-PCR of people who interact with vulnerable populations, such as medical staff in hospitals or care workers in care homes, has been employed to help prevent outbreaks among vulnerable populations. Although the peak sensitivity of RT-PCR can be high, the probability of detecting an infection will vary throughout the course of an infection. The effectiveness of routine asymptomatic testing will therefore depend on testing frequency and how PCR detection varies over time.MethodsWe fitted a Bayesian statistical model to a dataset of twice weekly PCR tests of UK healthcare workers performed by self-administered nasopharyngeal swab, regardless of symptoms. We jointly estimated times of infection and the probability of a positive PCR test over time following infection, we then compared asymptomatic testing strategies by calculating the probability that a symptomatic infection is detected before symptom onset and the probability that an asymptomatic infection is detected within 7 days of infection.FindingsWe estimated that the probability that the PCR test detected infection peaked at 77% (54 - 88%) 4 days after infection, decreasing to 50% (38 - 65%) by 10 days after infection. Our results suggest a substantially higher probability of detecting infections 1–3 days after infection than previously published estimates. We estimated that testing every other day would detect 57% (33-76%) of symptomatic cases prior to onset and 94% (75-99%) of asymptomatic cases within 7 days if test results were returned within a day.InterpretationOur results suggest that routine asymptomatic testing can enable detection of a high proportion of infected individuals early in their infection, provided that the testing is frequent and the time from testing to notification of results is sufficiently fast.FundingWellcome Trust, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit, Medical Research Council (UKRI)

scholarly journals Survey of Citizens Public Opinion for Natural Spring Water in Seoul

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-Rae Kim ◽  
Hae-Kyung Gil ◽  
Man-Ho Lee ◽  
Seok-Won Eom ◽  
Jai-Young Lee
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Natural Spring Water ◽  
Natural Spring

scholarly journals Mineralization of Natural Spring Water in the City of Daloa (West-Central Côte d’Ivoire)

2020 ◽  
Vol 08 (12) ◽  
pp. 200-210
Author(s):  
Eblin Sampah Georges ◽  
Konan Kouakou Séraphin ◽  
Ohou-Yao Marie-Jeanne Adélaïde ◽  
Mangoua Oi Mangoua Jules ◽  
Dibi Brou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Water ◽  
West Central ◽  
Natural Spring Water ◽  
Natural Spring ◽  
The City

scholarly journals Development, Evaluation of the PNA RT-LAMP Assay for Rapid Molecular Detection of SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinbayar Bat-Ochir ◽  
Yeon-Sook Kim ◽  
Han Gyeul Kim ◽  
See Sok Lee ◽  
Han Woo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Lamp Assay ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Clinical Sensitivity ◽  
Clinical Accuracy ◽  
Absolute Detection Limit ◽  
Development Evaluation

Abstract Dual-labeled PNA probe used RT-LAMP molecular rapid assay targeting SARS-CoV-2 ORF1ab and N genes was developed, and the analytical, clinical performances for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA extracted from clinical nasopharyngeal swab specimens were evaluated in this study. Data showed that this assay is highly specific for SARS-CoV-2, and the absolute detection limit is 1 genomic copy per microliter of viral RNA which can be considered to be comparable to gold-standard molecular diagnostic method real-time reverse transcriptase PCR. Both clinical sensitivity and specificity against a commercial real-time RT-PCR assay were determined as identical. In conclusion, the PNA RT-LAMP assay showed high analytical and clinical accuracy which are identical to real-time RT-PCR which has been routinely used for the detection of SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals An outbreak of oropharyngeal tularaemia linked to natural spring water

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Willke ◽  
M. Meric ◽  
R. Grunow ◽  
M. Sayan ◽  
E. J. Finke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Microagglutination Test ◽  
Natural Spring Water ◽  
Natural Spring ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Water Springs ◽  
Control Study

A tularaemia outbreak was investigated involving 188 suspected cases in the Kocaeli region of Turkey between December 2004 and April 2005. A case–control study comprising 135 laboratory-confirmed cases and 55 controls was undertaken to identify risk factors for the development of the outbreak and to evaluate laboratory diagnostic methods. Tularaemia was confirmed by a microagglutination test (MAT) titre of ≥1 : 160 in 90 of the patients. In MAT-negative sera, 23/44 (52 %) were positive by ELISA with Francisella tularensis LPS and 1/9 (11 %) by Western blotting with this antigen. A species-specific PCR was positive in 16/25 (64 %) throat swabs and 8/13 (62 %) lymph node aspirates. Multivariate analysis showed that drinking natural spring water was the leading risk factor for the development of tularaemia (P=0.0001, odds ratio 0.165, 95 % CI 0.790–0.346). The outbreak ceased after abandonment of the suspected natural water springs.

Transport of Escherichia coli strains isolated from natural spring water

2012 ◽  
Vol 140-141 ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Lutterodt ◽  
J.W.A. Foppen ◽  
S. Uhlenbrook
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Natural Spring Water ◽  
Natural Spring
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