Oxygen, Hydrogen, Boron and Lithium Isotope Data of a Natural Spring Water with an Extreme Composition: A Fluid from the Dehydrating Slab?

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 299-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziano Boschetti ◽  
Lorenzo Toscani ◽  
Paola Iacumin ◽  
Enricomaria Selmo
Keyword(s):  
Spring Water ◽  
Lithium Isotope ◽  
Isotope Data ◽  
Natural Spring Water ◽  
Natural Spring

scholarly journals Survey of Citizens Public Opinion for Natural Spring Water in Seoul

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-Rae Kim ◽  
Hae-Kyung Gil ◽  
Man-Ho Lee ◽  
Seok-Won Eom ◽  
Jai-Young Lee
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Natural Spring Water ◽  
Natural Spring

scholarly journals Mineralization of Natural Spring Water in the City of Daloa (West-Central Côte d’Ivoire)

2020 ◽  
Vol 08 (12) ◽  
pp. 200-210
Author(s):  
Eblin Sampah Georges ◽  
Konan Kouakou Séraphin ◽  
Ohou-Yao Marie-Jeanne Adélaïde ◽  
Mangoua Oi Mangoua Jules ◽  
Dibi Brou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Water ◽  
West Central ◽  
Natural Spring Water ◽  
Natural Spring ◽  
The City

scholarly journals An outbreak of oropharyngeal tularaemia linked to natural spring water

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Willke ◽  
M. Meric ◽  
R. Grunow ◽  
M. Sayan ◽  
E. J. Finke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Microagglutination Test ◽  
Natural Spring Water ◽  
Natural Spring ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Water Springs ◽  
Control Study

A tularaemia outbreak was investigated involving 188 suspected cases in the Kocaeli region of Turkey between December 2004 and April 2005. A case–control study comprising 135 laboratory-confirmed cases and 55 controls was undertaken to identify risk factors for the development of the outbreak and to evaluate laboratory diagnostic methods. Tularaemia was confirmed by a microagglutination test (MAT) titre of ≥1 : 160 in 90 of the patients. In MAT-negative sera, 23/44 (52 %) were positive by ELISA with Francisella tularensis LPS and 1/9 (11 %) by Western blotting with this antigen. A species-specific PCR was positive in 16/25 (64 %) throat swabs and 8/13 (62 %) lymph node aspirates. Multivariate analysis showed that drinking natural spring water was the leading risk factor for the development of tularaemia (P=0.0001, odds ratio 0.165, 95 % CI 0.790–0.346). The outbreak ceased after abandonment of the suspected natural water springs.

Transport of Escherichia coli strains isolated from natural spring water

2012 ◽  
Vol 140-141 ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Lutterodt ◽  
J.W.A. Foppen ◽  
S. Uhlenbrook
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Natural Spring Water ◽  
Natural Spring

scholarly journals Safety of Nanoclay/Spring Water Hydrogels: Assessment and Mobility of Hazardous Elements

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fátima García-Villén ◽  
Rita Sánchez-Espejo ◽  
Ana Borrego-Sánchez ◽  
Pilar Cerezo ◽  
Luana Perioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Trend ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Intimate Contact ◽  
Hazardous Elements ◽  
Natural Spring Water ◽  
Natural Spring

The presence of impurities in medicinal products have to be controlled within safety limits from a pharmaceutical quality perspective. This matter is of special significance for those countries and regions where the directives, guidelines, or legislations, which prescribe the rules for the application of some products is quite selective or incomplete. Clay-based hydrogels are quite an example of this matter since they are topically administered, but, in some regions, they are not subjected to well-defined legal regulations. Since hydrogels establish an intimate contact with the skin, hazardous elements present in the ingredients could potentially be bioavailable and compromise their safety. The elemental composition and mobility of elements present in two hydrogels have been assessed. Sepiolite, palygorskite, and natural spring water were used as ingredients. The release of a particular element mainly depends on its position in the structure of the hydrogels, not only on its concentration in each ingredient. As a general trend, elements’ mobility reduced with time. Among the most dangerous elements, whose presence in cosmetics is strictly forbidden by European legal regulations, As and Cd were mobile, although in very low amounts (0.1 and 0.2 μg/100 g of hydrogel, respectively). That is, assuming 100% bioavailability, the studied hydrogels would be completely safe at normal doses. Although there is no sufficient evidence to confirm that their presence is detrimental to hydrogels safety, legally speaking, their mobility could hinder the authorization of these hydrogels as medicines or cosmetics. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that hydrogels prepared with sepiolite, palygorskite, and Alicún spring water could be topically applied without major intoxication risks.

scholarly journals Correlation between Elemental Composition/Mobility and Skin Cell Proliferation of Fibrous Nanoclay/Spring Water Hydrogels

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fátima García-Villén ◽  
Rita Sánchez-Espejo ◽  
Ana Borrego-Sánchez ◽  
Pilar Cerezo ◽  
Lucia Cucca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Skin Cell ◽  
Natural Spring Water ◽  
Natural Spring

Inorganic hydrogels formulated with spring waters and clay minerals are used to treat musculoskeletal disorders and skin affections. Their underlying mechanism of action for skin disorders is not clear, although it is usually ascribed to the chemical composition of the formulation. The aim of this study was to assess the composition and in vitro release of elements with potential wound healing effects from hydrogels prepared with two nanoclays and natural spring water. In vitro Franz cell studies were used and the element concentration was measured by inductively coupled plasma techniques. Biocompatibility studies were used to evaluate the potential toxicity of the formulation against fibroblasts. The studied hydrogels released elements with known therapeutic interest in wound healing. The released ratios of some elements, such as Mg:Ca or Zn:Ca, played a significant role in the final therapeutic activity of the formulation. In particular, the proliferative activity of fibroblasts was ascribed to the release of Mn and the Zn:Ca ratio. Moreover, the importance of formulative studies is highlighted, since it is the optimal combination of the correct ingredients that makes a formulation effective.

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