New Records of California Serogroup Virus in Aedes Mosquitoes and First Detection in Simulioidae Flies from Northern Canada and Alaska

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol-Anne Villeneuve ◽  
Kayla J. Buhler ◽  
Mahmood Iranpour ◽  
Ellen Avard ◽  
Antonia Dibernardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
The North ◽  
Standardized Protocol ◽  
Aedes Mosquitoes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
North American Arctic ◽  
Serogroup Virus ◽  
California Serogroup

An expected consequence of climate warming is an expansion of the geographic distribution of biting insects and associated arthropod-borne diseases (arboviruses). Emerging and reemerging arboviruses that can affect human health are likely to pose significant consequences for Northern communities where access to health resources is limited. In the North American Arctic, little is known about arboviruses. Thus, in 2019, we sampled biting insects in Nunavik (Kuujjuaq), Nunavut (Igloolik, Karrak Lake and Cambridge Bay), Northwest Territories (Igloolik and Yellowknife) and Alaska (Fairbanks). The main objective was to detect the presence of California serogroup viruses (CSGv), a widespread group of arboviruses across North America and that is known to cause a wide range of symptoms, ranging from mild febrile illness to fatal encephalitis. Biting insects were captured twice daily for a 7-day period in mid-summer, using a standardized protocol consisting of 100 figure-eight movements of a sweep net. Captured specimens were separated by genus (mosquitoes) or by superfamily (other insects), and then grouped into pools of 75 by geographical locations. In total, 5079 Aedes mosquitoes and 1014 Simulioidae flies were caught. We report the detection of CSGv RNA in mosquitoes captured in Nunavut (Karrak Lake) and Nunavik (Kuujjuaq). We also report, for the first time in North America, the presence of CSGv RNA in Simulioidae flies. These results highlight the potential of biting insects for tracking any future emergence of arboviruses in the North, thereby providing key information for public health in Northern communities.

AN EVALUATION OF THE GRAVITY CONTROL NETWORK IN NORTH AMERICA

Geophysics ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Behrendt ◽  
G. P. Woollard
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geodetic Survey ◽  
Control Network ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The North ◽  
University Of Wisconsin ◽  
Systematic Correction ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Difference

Observations with a LaCoste and Romberg geodetic gravimeter having a very low nearly linear drift rate, a high reading precision, and a world wide range were made at approximately three hundred sites in order to check and extend the gravity control network in North America. The sites occupied were mostly at former gravimeter bases located at airports, harbors, universities, and pendulum stations. The instrument was calibrated against the North American standardization range of pendulum measurements from Paso de Cortes, Mexico, to Fairbanks, Alaska, using the weighted mean values of the observations established with the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, Cambridge University (England), and Gulf‐University of Wisconsin pendulum equipment. A statistical evaluation of the precision of the network based on the reoccupations at 40 major control stations gives an estimated standard deviation of 0.08 mgal. The airport network of bases previously reported by Woollard (1958) that was established with high range Worden gravity meters was found to require a systematic correction of 0.3 mgal per 1,000 mgal change because of the difference in calibration standard used. The adjusted values for the forty airport stations reoccupied agree on the average to 0.2 mgal with the results of this study. The reoccupations of the old pendulum observation sites of the U. S. Coast and Goedetic Survey suggest that much of this network is in error by over 3 mgals. Descriptions of sites occupied and the principal facts for position, elevation, observed gravity, and free‐air and Bouguer anomalies are presented.

The Arctic Institute of North America

Polar Record ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 8 (52) ◽  
pp. 22-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Baird
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
Reference Information ◽  
North American Arctic ◽  
Mcgill University

The Arctic Institute of North America was established in 1945 in two small rooms in McGill University, with a staff consisting of Dr Lincoln Washburn and a secretary, who made up for the lack of equipment and facilities by abundant energy and enthusiasm. Since then the Institute's growth has been considerable, always in the direction of its three main objectives—to form a centre for reference information and study on the North American Arctic, to encourage arctic scientific research in any field, and to disseminate arctic information by means of a journal, other publications, and lectures.

scholarly journals The absence of the drhm gene is not a marker for human-pathogenicity in European Anaplasma phagocytophilum strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis B. Langenwalder ◽  
Sabine Schmidt ◽  
Cornelia Silaghi ◽  
Jasmin Skuballa ◽  
Nikola Pantchev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Neutrophil Granulocytes ◽  
European Origin ◽  
The North ◽  
Granulocytic Anaplasmosis ◽  
Typing Methods

Abstract Background Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium that replicates in neutrophil granulocytes. It is transmitted by ticks of the Ixodes ricinus complex and causes febrile illness in humans and animals. The geographical distribution of A. phagocytophilum spans the Americas, Europe, Africa and Asia. However, human disease predominantly occurs in North America but is infrequently reported from Europe and Asia. In North American strains, the absence of the drhm gene has been proposed as marker for pathogenicity in humans whereas no information on the presence or absence of the drhm gene was available for A. phagocytophilum strains circulating in Europe. Therefore, we tested 511 European and 21 North American strains for the presence of drhm and compared the results to two other typing methods: multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and ankA-based typing. Results Altogether, 99% (478/484) of the analyzable European and 19% (4/21) of the North American samples from different hosts were drhm-positive. Regarding the strains from human granulocytic anaplasmosis cases, 100% (35/35) of European origin were drhm-positive and 100% (14/14) of North American origin were drhm-negative. Human strains from North America and Europe were both part of MLST cluster 1. North American strains from humans belonged to ankA gene clusters 11 and 12 whereas European strains from humans were found in ankA gene cluster 1. However, the North American ankA gene clusters 11 and 12 were highly identical at the nucleotide level to the European cluster 1 with 97.4% and 95.2% of identity, respectively. Conclusions The absence of the drhm gene in A. phagocytophilum does not seem to be associated with pathogenicity for humans per se, because all 35 European strains of human origin were drhm-positive. The epidemiological differences between North America and Europe concerning the incidence of human A. phagocytophilum infection are not explained by strain divergence based on MLST and ankA gene-based typing.

CERATOZETIDAE (ACARI: ORIBATEI) OF THE WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN SUBARCTIC

1986 ◽  
Vol 118 (10) ◽  
pp. 991-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie M. Behan-Pelletier
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Oribatid Mite ◽  
Western North America ◽  
The North ◽  
North American Arctic ◽  
Mite Family

AbstractRepresentatives of the oribatid mite family Ceratozetidae of subarctic western North America, including 14 species in eight genera, are treated. A new genus Laminizetes, and eight new species, Diapterobates siccatus, Trichoribates ogilviensis, Laminizetes fortispinosus, Ceratozetes inupiaq, C. kutchin, C. fjellbergi, Sphaerozetes firthensis, and Melanozetes tanana, are proposed, and Dentizetes rudentiger Hammer, Diapterobates humeralis (Hermann), Neogymnobates luteus (Hammer), Trichoribates striatus Hammer, Sphaerozetes castaneus Hammer, and Melanozetes meridianus Sellnick are redescribed. Immatures of Dentizetes rudentiger and Sphaerozetes firthensis are described. A key to the adults of the 31 species of Ceratozetidae recorded from the western North American arctic and subarctic is given. Relationships among the 12 genera in the Ceratozetidae recorded from the North American arctic and subarctic are discussed.

Marionina charae, a new species of enchytraeid (Oligochaeta) from the Canadian arctic

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1359-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Tynen
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Northwest Territories ◽  
North American ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
North American Arctic ◽  
A New Species

Marionina charae n. sp. was collected from a stream flowing out of Char Lake, Comwallis Island, in the Northwest Territories of Canada. Thirteen species of Marionina have now been described from North America, and seven species of enchytraeid have been found in the North American arctic.

Political orientation and moral foundations

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (11) ◽  
pp. 365-371
Author(s):  
J Dorasamy ◽  
Mr Jirushlan Dorasamy
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
North America ◽  
American Studies ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Open Approach ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Moral Foundation ◽  
The North

Studies, especially in the North America, have shown a relationship between political orientation and moralfoundation. This study investigated whether moral judgements differ from the political orientation of participantsin South Africa moral judgment and the extent to which moral foundations are influenced by politicalorientation.Further, the study investigated the possibility of similar patterns with the North AmericanConservative-Liberal spectrum and the moral foundation. There were 300participants, 78 males and 222 females,who completed an online questionnaire relating to moral foundation and political orientation. The results partiallysupported the hypothesis relating to Liberal and Conservative orientation in South Africa. Further, this studypartially predicted the Liberal-Conservative orientation with patterns in the moral foundation, whilst showingsimilar findings to the North American studies. A growing rate of a neutral/moderate society is evidenced in SouthAfrica and abroad, thereby showing the emergence of a more open approach to both a political and generalstance.”””

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