scholarly journals Three new species of nematodes from the syconia of Ficus racemosa in southern India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyajeet Gupta ◽  
Qudsia Tahseen ◽  
Renee M Borges
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Indian Species ◽  
Ficus Racemosa ◽  
Three New Species

Ficus racemosa with an Indo Australasian distribution has so far been recorded to harbour in its fruits, nematode species of the aphelenchoid genera Schistonchus, Ficophagus and Martininema, and species of diplogastrid genera Teratodiplogaster and Pristionchus. The Indian species reported so far from Ficus racemosa lack comprehensive details on morphology and molecular characterization. In this paper, we describe, three new species of nematodes obtained from syconia (enclosed globular infructescence or fruit) of Ficus racemosa found in southern India. Ficophagus glomerata n. sp. is characterised by a small body having b=5.2-9.6, c= 18-23; slightly set-off lip region having well developed cephalic framework; secretory-excretory pore opens near the head; slender stylet with small, rounded/ sloping knobs; ovoid median bulb with relatively posteriorly-placed valve plates; males with sickle-shaped spicules having spatulate or hammer-shaped capitulum, represented by an elongate-ovoid condylus and long digitate rostrum and tail conoid with fine, hair-like terminal spike. Teratodiplogaster glomerata n. sp. is characterised by long tubular and narrow stoma with fractal pieces in prostegostom; long rectangular metacorpus; female reproductive system with conspicuous spermatheca and amoeboid sperms; males having short, arcuate spicules and keeled gubernaculum; genital papillae in the configuration of P1, P2, C, P3, P4, P5d, (P6d, P7), P8d, Ph and tail conoid with a terminal or subterminal mucro. Pristionchus glomerata n. sp. is characterised by four morphotypes mainly with variations in lip region, stoma, spicules, gubernaculum, and the position of genital papillae. Phylogenetic analyses based upon near-full-length small subunit (SSU) and D2-D3 expansion segments of large subunit (LSU) rRNA genes confirmed affinities with sister species of corresponding genera.

scholarly journals Taxonomy and Phylogeny of the Favolaschia calocera Complex (Mycenaceae) with Descriptions of Four New Species

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1397
Author(s):  
Qiu-Yue Zhang ◽  
Yu-Cheng Dai
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ribosomal Rna Gene ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Three New Species

Favolaschia calocera was originally described from Madagascar, and reported to have a worldwide distribution. In the current study, samples of the Favolaschia calocera from Central America, Australia, China, Kenya, Italy, New Zealand, and Thailand were analyzed by using both morphological and molecular methods. Phylogenetic analyses were based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) dataset, and the combined five-locus dataset of ITS, large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the small subunit mitochondrial rRNA gene (mt-SSU), the small subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nu-SSU), and the translation elongation factor 1α (TEF1). Our study proves that Favolaschia calocera is a species complex, and six species are recognized in the complex including four new species. Three new species F. brevibasidiata, F. brevistipitata, and F. longistipitata from China; and one new species F. minutissima from Asia. In addition, Favolaschia claudopus (Singer) Q.Y. Zhang & C. Dai, earlier treated as a variety of Favolaschia calocera R. Heim, were raised to species rank. Illustrated descriptions of these five new taxa are given. An identification key and a comparison of the characteristics of species in the Favolaschia calocera complex are provided.

Generic classification of some more hyphomycetes with solitary conidia borne on phialides

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 1570-1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Gams ◽  
K O'Donnell ◽  
H -J Schroers ◽  
M Christensen
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
28S Rdna ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
28S Rdna Sequences ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Morphological Species

Unlike most phialide-producing fungi that liberate a multiplicity of conidia from each conidiogenous cell, only single conidia are formed on phialide-like conidiogenous cells in Aphanocladium, Verticimonosporium, and some species of Sibirina. A group of isolates obtained from soil of native Artemisia tridentata (sagebrush) grassland in Wyoming and from desert soil in Iraq is compared with these genera and classified as a fourth genus, Stanjemonium, honouring Stanley J. Hughes. Phylogenetic analyses of partial nuclear small- (18S) and large-subunit (28S) rDNA sequences indicate that Stanjemonium spp. form a monophyletic group with Emericellopsis. Sequences from the nuclear 18S and 28S rDNA were too conserved to resolve morphological species of Stanjemonium; however, phylogenetic analysis of b-tubulin and translation elongation factor 1a gene exons and introns resolved all species distinguished morphologically. Numerous conidiogenous cells or denticles are scattered along the cells of aerial hyphae in Aphanocladium and Stanjemonium spp., very rapidly collapsing into denticles in the former, somewhat more persistent and leaving broad scars in the latter. In Cladobotryum-Sibirina and Verticimonosporium spp., conidiogenous cells are discrete in terminal and intercalary whorls; phialides of the latter taxon are particularly swollen. The taxonomy of Aphanocladium is not yet resolved. Two species are recognized in Verticimonosporium. Three new species of Stanjemonium are described, and one new combination from Aphanocladium is proposed, along with one new species of Cladobotryum.Key words: Aphanocladium, Cladobotryum, conidiogenesis, hyphomycetes, molecular phylogeny, phialide, Stanjemonium, systematics, Verticimonosporium.

scholarly journals New Species of Tomentella (Thelephorales, Basidiomycota) from Temperate Continental Mountain Climate of China (Xinjiang Region)

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1531
Author(s):  
Xu Lu ◽  
Haisheng Yuan
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Mountain Climate ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Xinjiang Autonomous Region

Species in the genus Tomentella are distributed throughout the temperate and tropical regions worldwide, but few studies associated with the taxonomy and phylogeny of this genus had been reported from Northwest China. In this paper, molecular phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear ribosomal ITS (internal transcribed spacer: ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and LSU (large subunit: 28S) sequences combined with morphological characteristics identified three new species from Xinjiang Autonomous Region in Northwest China, which were named T. aurantispora, T. kanasensis, and T. schrenkiana. Similar macromorphological and anatomical characteristics are shared by these new species: arachnoid basidiocarps; byssoid sterile margins; utriform basidia with a clamp connection at the base; the absence of rhizomorphs and cystidia; and slightly thick-walled, subglobose to globose basidiospores. Among these new species, the color of the hymenophoral surface, the size of the basidiospores, and some other features can be used for species delimitation. The new species and closely related species in the phylogenetic tree were discussed, and a key to the identified species of Tomentella from China was provided.

scholarly journals Morphology, genetic characterization and molecular phylogeny of pinworm Skrjabinema longicaudatum n. sp. (Oxyurida: Oxyuridae) from the endangered Tibetan antelope Pantholops hodgsonii (Abel) (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Fan Cao ◽  
Hui-Xia Chen ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Dang-Wei Zhou ◽  
Shi-Long Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Sister Relationship ◽  
Tibetan Antelope ◽  
A New Species

Abstract Background The Tibetan antelope Pantholops hodgsonii (Abel) (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) is an endangered species of mammal endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Parasites and parasitic diseases are considered to be important threats in the conservation of the Tibetan antelope. However, our present knowledge of the composition of the parasites of the Tibetan antelope remains limited. Methods Large numbers of nematode parasites were collected from a dead Tibetan antelope. The morphology of these nematode specimens was observed using light and scanning electron microscopy. The nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences, i.e. small subunit ribosomal DNA (18S), large subunit ribosomal DNA (28S), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), were amplified and sequenced for molecular identification. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses were performed using maximum likelihood (ML) inference based on 28S and 18S + 28S + cox1 sequence data, respectively, in order to clarify the systematic status of these nematodes. Results Integrated morphological and genetic evidence reveals these nematode specimens to be a new species of pinworm Skrjabinema longicaudatum (Oxyurida: Oxyuridae). There was no intraspecific nucleotide variation between different individuals of S. longicaudatum n. sp. in the partial 18S, 28S, ITS and cox1 sequences. However, a high level of nucleotide divergence was revealed between the new species and its congeners in 28S (8.36%) and ITS (20.3–23.7%) regions, respectively. Molecular phylogenetic results suggest that the genus Skrjabinema should belong to the subfamily Oxyurinae (Oxyuroidea: Oxyuridae), instead of the subfamily Syphaciidae or Skrjabinemiinae in the traditional classification, as it formed a sister relationship to the genus Oxyuris. Conclusions A new species of pinworm Skrjabinema longicaudatum n. sp. (Oxyurida: Oxyuridae) is described. Skrjabinema longicaudatum n. sp. represents the first species of Oxyurida (pinworm) and the fourth nematode species reported from the Tibetan antelope. Our results contribute to the knowledge of the species diversity of parasites from the Tibetan antelope, and clarify the systematic position of the genus Skrjabinema.

scholarly journals Four new species in the Tremella fibulifera complex (Tremellales, Basidiomycota)

MycoKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 33-56
Author(s):  
Long-Fei Fan ◽  
Renato Lúcio Mendes Alvarenga ◽  
Tatiana Baptista Gibertoni ◽  
Fang Wu ◽  
Yu-Cheng Dai
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Rrna Gene

Samples of species close to Tremella fibulifera from China and Brazil are studied, and T. fibulifera is confirmed as a species complex including nine species. Five known species (T. cheejenii, T. fibulifera s.s., T. “neofibulifera”, T. lloydiae-candidae and T. olens) and four new species (T. australe, T. guangxiensis, T. latispora and T. subfibulifera) in the complex are recognized based on morphological characteristics, molecular evidence, and geographic distribution. Sequences of eight species of the complex were included in the phylogenetic analyses because T. olens lacks molecular data. The phylogenetic analyses were performed by a combined sequence dataset of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the partial nuclear large subunit rDNA (nLSU), and a combined sequence dataset of the ITS, partial nLSU, the small subunit mitochondrial rRNA gene (mtSSU), the translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1), the largest and second largest subunits of RNA polymerase II (RPB1 and RPB2). The eight species formed eight independent lineages with robust support in phylogenies based on both datasets. Illustrated description of the six species including Tremella fibulifera s.s., T. “neofibulifera” and four new species, and discussions with their related species, are provided. A table of the comparison of the important characteristics of nine species in the T. fibulifera complex and a key to the whitish species in Tremella s.s. are provided.

scholarly journals Multi-Gene Phylogeny and Taxonomy of Hydnellum (Bankeraceae, Basidiomycota) from China

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 818
Author(s):  
Yan-Hong Mu ◽  
Jia-Rui Yu ◽  
Ting Cao ◽  
Xiang-Hua Wang ◽  
Hai-Sheng Yuan
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Ribosomal Rna Gene ◽  
Morphological Studies

The genus Hydnellum is an important group of stipitate hydnaceous fungi which can form ectomycorrhiza with many species of woody plants. In recent decades, the frequency and number of basidiocarps observed in China have been declining significantly. So far, however, we know little about the species diversity of Hydnellum in China. In this study, we conducted molecular phylogenetic analyses based on sections of multiple loci, including the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS), the small subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (SSU) and the second-largest subunit of RNA polymerase II gene (RPB2), as well as morphological studies, of collected samples of Hydnellum from China. We also inferred Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian phylogenies for the order Thelephorales from the dataset of the combined nLSU and ITS. This study has revealed the phylogenetic position of Hydnellum in the order Thelephorales, and phylogenetically confirmed ten major clades in Thelephorales; Twenty-nine taxa are proposed, described or reported, including 10 new subgenera (Hydnellum subgenus Hydnellum, subg. Caesispinosum, subg. Croceum, subg. Inflatum, subg. Rhizomorphum, subg. Scabrosum, subg. Spongiosum, subg. Subindufibulatum, subg. Violaceum and subg. Zonatum), 11 new species (Hydnellum atrorubrum, H. atrospinosum, H. bomiense, H. brunneorubrum, H. fibulatum, H. granulosum, H. inflatum, H. rubidofuscum, H. squamulosum, H. sulcatum and H. yunnanense), 3 newly recorded species (H. caeruleum, H. peckii and H. spongiosipes) and 5 notable specimens (Hydnellum sp 1, H. sp 2, H. sp 3, H. sp 4 and H. sp 5). A classification system based on the morphological characteristics (especially the hyphal structure types) and molecular analyses is proposed to accommodate most species in Hydnellum. The distinguishing characters of the subgenera and the new species with their closely related taxa are discussed. A key to the species of Hydnellum from China is provided.

Morphological and molecular data on a new species of Plagiorhynchus Lühe, 1911 (Acanthocephala: Plagiorhynchidae) from the long-billed curlew (Numenius americanus) from northern Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. García-Varela ◽  
J.-K. Park ◽  
J.S. Hernández-Orts ◽  
C.D. Pinacho-Pinacho
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Numenius Americanus ◽  
A New Species

Abstract A new species of the genus Plagiorhynchus Lühe, 1911 from the intestine of the long-billed curlew (Numenius americanus) from northern Mexico is described. Plagiorhynchus (Plagiorhynchus) aznari n. sp. is morphologically distinguished from other congeneric species from the Americas by having a trunk expanded anteriorly and a cylindrical proboscis, armed with 19 longitudinal rows of hooks, with 14–15 hooks each row. Nearly complete sequences of the small subunit and large subunit of the nuclear ribosomal DNA of the new species were determined and compared with available sequences from GenBank. Phylogenetic analyses inferred from the two molecular markers consistently showed that P. (Plagiorhynchus) aznari n. sp. is closely related to P. (Plagiorhynchus) allisonae, and this clade is sister to a clade formed by P. (Prosthorhynchus) transversus and P. (Prosthorhynchus) cylindraceus from Plagiorhynchidae. The new species represents the second record of the genus in Mexico and the fourth species in the Americas. The phylogenetic relationships among the members of the order Polymorphida in this study provide significant insights into the evolution of ecological associations between parasites and their definitive hosts. Our analyses suggest that the colonization of marine mammals, fish-eating birds and waterfowl in Polymorphidae might have occurred independently, from a common ancestor of Centrorhynchidae and Plagiorhynchidae that colonized terrestrial birds and mammals.

Dothidea kunmingensis, a novel asexual species of Dothideaceae on Jasminum nudiflorum (winter jasmine) from Southwestern China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 529 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
YING GAO ◽  
JUTAMART MONKAI ◽  
ELENI GENTEKAKI ◽  
GUANG-CONG REN ◽  
DHANUSHKA N. WANASINGHE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Sister Relationship ◽  
Large Subunit Rrna

During a survey of saprobic microfungi in Southwest China, a coelomycetous fungus was found on dead twigs of Jasminum nudiflorum in Kunming, Yunnan Province. Based on a detailed morphological characterization coupled with multi-locus phylogenetic analyses, the fungus was identified as a new species in the genus Dothidea. Phylogenetic analyses using a combined matrix consisting of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), large subunit rRNA (LSU), small subunit rRNA (SSU), beta tubulin (tub2) and translation elongation factor-1 alpha (tef1-α) confirmed its placement in Dothideaceae and revealed a sister relationship to Dothidea eucalypti. The new species is characterized by pycnidial conidiomata, ampulliform or doliiform conidiogenous cells as well as aseptate, subglobose to ovoid, hyaline to pale-brown conidia. Comprehensive descriptions and illustrations are provided. Morphological characteristics of asexual morph taxa in Dothideaceae are also summarized and discussed.

scholarly journals Unveiling the Hidden Diversity of Rock-Inhabiting Fungi: Chaetothyriales from China

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Wei Sun ◽  
Lei Su ◽  
Shun Yang ◽  
Jingzu Sun ◽  
Bingjie Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Natural Rock ◽  
Rock Inhabiting Fungi

Rock-inhabiting fungi (RIF) are nonlichenized fungi that naturally colonize rock surfaces and subsurfaces. The extremely slow growth rate and lack of distinguishing morphological characteristics of RIF resulted in a poor understanding on their biodiversity. In this study, we surveyed RIF colonizing historical stone monuments and natural rock formations from throughout China. Among over 1000 isolates, after preliminary delimitation using the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) sequences, representative isolates belonging to Trichomeriaceae and Herpotrichiellaceae were selected for a combined analysis of ITS and the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (nucLSU) to determine the generic placements. Eight clades representing seven known genera and one new genus herein named as Anthracina were placed in Trichomeriaceae. While, for Herpotrichiellaceae, two clades corresponded to two genera: Cladophialophora and Exophiala. Fine-scale phylogenetic analyses using combined sequences of the partial actin gene (ACT), ITS, mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal DNA (mtSSU), nucLSU, the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1), small subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (SSU), translation elongation factor (TEF), and β-tubulin gene (TUB) revealed that these strains represented 11 and 6 new species, respectively, in Trichomeriaceae and Herpotrichiellaceae. The 17 new species were described, illustrated for their morphologies and compared with similar taxa. Our study demonstrated that the diversity of RIF is surprisingly high and still poorly understood. In addition, a rapid strategy for classifying RIF was proposed to determine the generic and familial placements through preliminary ITS and nucLSU analyses, followed by combined analyses of five loci selected from ACT, ITS, mtSSU, nucLSU, RPB1, and/or the second subunit of RNA polymerase II gene (RPB2), SSU, TEF, and TUB regions to classify RIF to the species level.

Description of Ektaphelenchus berbericus n. sp. (Rhabditida: Ektaphelenchinae) from eastern Iran

Nematology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1063-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somaye Alvani ◽  
Esmat Mahdikhani-Moghadam ◽  
Robin M. Giblin-Davis ◽  
Majid Pedram
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
Ribosomal Rna Gene ◽  
Eastern Iran

Ektaphelenchus berbericus n. sp. was recovered from soil samples collected in eastern Iran and is described and illustrated based on morphological, morphometric and molecular data. The new species is characterised by having female body 512-691 μm long, lip region separated from rest of body by a shallow depression, lips separated and equally sized, 19-22 μm long stylet with wide lumen and lacking knobs or swellings at its base, cuticle with fine, but distinct transverse annuli and three lines in lateral field, excretory pore located at base of metacorpus (with slight variation in position), reproductive system monodelphic-prodelphic with spheroid and fine sperm cells inside spermatheca in some individuals and short post-vulval uterine sac (PUS), rectum and anus vestigial (invisible in few individuals), conical posterior body end (tail), narrowing at mid-point between anus and rounded tail tip, and males lacking. The new species is typologically similar to species belonging to four genera: Devibursaphelenchus, Ektaphelenchoides, Ektaphelenchus and Seinura, by a combination of morphological characters, e.g., gross morphology of stylet (lacking knobs or swellings at base), morphology of posterior body end (having short conical tail), PUS length, and having a vestigial anus and rectum in most individuals. In molecular phylogenetic analyses using sequences of the partial small subunit of the ribosomal RNA gene (SSU) and the D2-D3 expansion segments of the large subunit (LSU) ribosomal RNA gene, the new species is close to the Ektaphelenchoides/Cryptaphelenchus clade in an inferred SSU tree, and formed a clade with Ektaphelenchoides and Devibursaphelenchus spp. in a D2-D3 LSU tree. Further phylogenetic analyses using full length sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) (= ITS1 + 5.8S + ITS2) corroborated results from the SSU and D2-D3 LSU trees, and the multilocus analyses using the combined SSU and LSU data placed the new species in a robustly supported clade with Ektaphelenchoides poinari and Devibursaphelenchus lini.

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