The Pharmacological Study of Antidiabetatic Property of Ficus racemosa Leaves by Observing Different Aspects

Ficus racemosa is belong to the family of Moraceae.It is a famous medicinal plant in India which is used in traditional system of medicine for long period of time for the treatment of various diseases like liver disorder, diarrhora, inflamatory condition, ulcer, urinary disorder, antifungal and diabetics. This plant is very useful from ancient time of maintained in Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homeopathy. Plant are one of the most important role/source in medicine. The commen name of Ficus racemosa is “Audumber” and “Umbar”. In Thervada Buddhism the plant is said to have as the tree for achived enlightenment by the 26th Loard Buddha, Konaagama. This udumbara is deciduous tree. The more information is described below and the people are moving towards ayurvedic preprations.

SEBARAN POHON PAKAN DI HABITAT BEKANTAN (Nasalis larvatus Wurmb.) DI HUTAN RIPARIAN AREAL PERTAMBANGAN PT JORONG BARUTAMA GRESTON

The variety of proboscis monkey habitat causes the composition of plants, the preparation of different habitats, including the type of feed and its composition. The aim of this research is to map the distribution of proboscis monkeys and inventory the proboscis monkeys. Retrieval of vegetation data is placed in an area where frequent activity of proboscis monkeys occurs. Data collection was carried out to determine tree species and undergrowth as macro habitat as well as the potential source of proboscis food that includes the leaves, buds, flowers, fruit or parts that are being eaten or already eaten. Sampling of feed tree sampling data using accidental sampling method is a method of recording accidentally or accidentally when finding proboscis probes that are eating or traces of food. The coordinates of the meeting point with the proboscis feed tree are made into the distribution map of the proboscis feed tree using GIS software. There are 9 distribution locations and 13 species of plants whose parts are eaten by proboscis monkeys in the Riparian forest of PT JBG areas such as Ficus racemosa, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Gluta renghas, Albizia chinensis, Eugenia sp, Uncaria sp, Dillenia indica, Oxyceros longifer, Syzigium sp, Calamus sp, Macaranga bancana, Premna corymbusa, Centrosema pubescens. These types are divided into two levels of vegetation, namely forage trees and undergrowth with edible parts such as shoots, leaves, flowers, fruit and umbut Habitat bekantan yang bervariasi menyebabkan komposisi jenis tumbuhan penyusunan habitat berbeda-beda, termasuk jenis pakan dan komposisinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pemetaan sebaran pohon pakan bekantan dan menginventarisasi jenis pohon pakan bekantan. Pengambilan data vegetasi diletakkan pada areal yang sering terjadi aktivitas bekantan. Pengambilan data dilakukan untuk menentukan jenis pohon dan tumbuhan bawah sebagai habitat makro serta potensi sumber pakan bekantan yang meliputi bagian daun, pucuk, bunga, buah atau bagian yang sedang dimakan atau sudah dimakan. Pengambilan data sampling pohon pakan menggunakan metode accidental sampling yaitu metode pencatatan secara kebetulan atau tidak sengaja saat menemukan bekantan yang sedang makan atau jejak bekas makanan.pada lokasi tempat ditemukannya pohon pakan atau bekas makanan bekantan lalu ditandai titik koordinatnya menggunakan GPS. Koordinat titik pertemuan dengan pohon pakan bekantan dibuat menjadi peta sebaran pohon pakan bekantan dengan menggunakan software GIS. Terdapat 9 titik lokasi persebaran dan 13 jenis tumbuhan yang bagian-bagiannya dimakan oleh bekantan di hutan Riparian areal PT JBG seperti jenis Ficus racemosa, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Gluta renghas, Albizia chinensis, Eugenia sp, Uncaria sp, Dillenia indica, Oxyceros longifer, Syzigium sp, Calamus sp, Macaranga bancana, Premna corymbus, Centrosema pubescens. Jenis-jenis ini terbagi menjadi dua tingkatan vegetasi yaitu pohon pakan dan tumbuhan bawah dengan bagian yang dimakan seperti pucuk, daun, bunga, buah dan umbut.

Alleviating effect of Ficus racemosa in high-fat-high-fructose diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Objectives: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the chronic liver diseases. Ficus racemosa has been used for many years in the Ayurvedic medicine system and is closely related with the management of metabolic conditions. The study investigated alleviating effects of methanolic extract of F. racemosa (FRM) bark on high-fat-high-fructose (HFHF) diet -induced NAFLD. Materials and Methods: HFHF-based model was developed for a period of 10 weeks. In treatment groups, FRM (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg) and atorvastatin (20 mg/kg) were administered for 6 weeks after initiating HFHF diet and continued for another 4 weeks. Liver functions test, lipid profile, serum leptin, and antioxidant parameters and histopathology were evaluated. Results: Elevated liver enzymes, lipid markers, and leptin were observed, with significant reduction in antioxidants in disease control rats. FRM treatment significantly improved serum aminotransferase activities, lipid profile, and oxidative changes and brought back to normal. Liver histopathology showed the fatty modifications induced by the HFHF diet, and reduction in fatty changes was observed due to FRM. Significant decline in serum leptin was observed with high-dose FRM. Conclusion: FRM showed positive effects in the reversal of NAFLD and different polyphenolic compounds in the plant were responsible for the proven action.

Three new species of nematodes from the syconia of Ficus racemosa in southern India

Ficus racemosa with an Indo Australasian distribution has so far been recorded to harbour in its fruits, nematode species of the aphelenchoid genera Schistonchus, Ficophagus and Martininema, and species of diplogastrid genera Teratodiplogaster and Pristionchus. The Indian species reported so far from Ficus racemosa lack comprehensive details on morphology and molecular characterization. In this paper, we describe, three new species of nematodes obtained from syconia (enclosed globular infructescence or fruit) of Ficus racemosa found in southern India. Ficophagus glomerata n. sp. is characterised by a small body having b=5.2-9.6, c= 18-23; slightly set-off lip region having well developed cephalic framework; secretory-excretory pore opens near the head; slender stylet with small, rounded/ sloping knobs; ovoid median bulb with relatively posteriorly-placed valve plates; males with sickle-shaped spicules having spatulate or hammer-shaped capitulum, represented by an elongate-ovoid condylus and long digitate rostrum and tail conoid with fine, hair-like terminal spike. Teratodiplogaster glomerata n. sp. is characterised by long tubular and narrow stoma with fractal pieces in prostegostom; long rectangular metacorpus; female reproductive system with conspicuous spermatheca and amoeboid sperms; males having short, arcuate spicules and keeled gubernaculum; genital papillae in the configuration of P1, P2, C, P3, P4, P5d, (P6d, P7), P8d, Ph and tail conoid with a terminal or subterminal mucro. Pristionchus glomerata n. sp. is characterised by four morphotypes mainly with variations in lip region, stoma, spicules, gubernaculum, and the position of genital papillae. Phylogenetic analyses based upon near-full-length small subunit (SSU) and D2-D3 expansion segments of large subunit (LSU) rRNA genes confirmed affinities with sister species of corresponding genera.

Identification of novel potent pancreatic lipase inhibitors from Ficus racemosa

Introduction and Aim: Obesity is a disorder of lipid metabolism and continues to be a global problem, ranking fifth for deaths worldwide. It is considered to be main reason for a number of physiological changes that resulting in many metabolic disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders and various cancer types. Obesity develops from long-termed physiological imbalances in energy expenditure.. One of the therapeutic strategies in managing obesity is inhibition of pancreatic lipase, a key enzyme responsible for the digestion of fats and triglycerides. The aim of the present study was to synthesize silver nanoparticles (Ag-NP) from Ficus racemosa fruit extract and to analyze its activity on pancreatic lipase enzyme using spectroscopic, in vitro and in silico methods. Materials and Methods: The phytoconstituent were separated in Ficus racemosa fruit extract by thin layer chromatography technique. The bioactive compound was also identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Pancreatic lipase inhibition assay was performed in vitro and confirmed by molecular docking analysis. Results: The F. racemosa fruit showed the highest pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity. Molecular docking studies also exhibited good binding affinity of compounds (Diethyl Phthalate) with pancreatic lipase enzymes. Conclusion: Finally, it is concluded that further derivation of such compounds could serve as the new templates for obesity.