scholarly journals Cingulate-motor circuits update rule representations for sequential choice decisions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daigo Takeuchi ◽  
Dheeraj Roy ◽  
Shruti Muralidhar ◽  
Takashi Kawai ◽  
Chanel Lovett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Sequential Choice ◽  
Motor Circuits ◽  
Rule Changes ◽  
Adaptive Choice

Anterior cingulate cortex mediates the flexible updating of an animal's choice responses upon rule changes in the environment. However, how anterior cingulate cortex entrains motor cortex to reorganize rule representations and generate required motor outputs remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that chemogenetic silencing of the projection terminals of cingulate cortical neurons in secondary motor cortex disrupted sequential choice performance in trials immediately following rule switches, suggesting that these inputs are necessary to update rule representations for choice decisions stored in the motor cortex. Indeed, the silencing of cingulate cortex decreased rule selectivity of secondary motor cortical neurons. Furthermore, optogenetic silencing of cingulate cortical neurons that was temporally targeted to error trials immediately after rule switches exacerbated errors in following trials. These results suggest that cingulate cortex monitors behavioral errors and update rule representations in motor cortex, revealing a critical role for cingulate-motor circuits in adaptive choice behaviors.

Persisting through subjective effort: A key role for the anterior cingulate cortex?

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 691-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin L. Hillman ◽  
David K. Bilkey
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Long Time ◽  
S Model

AbstractOne shortcoming of Kurzban et al.'s model is that it is not clear how animals persist through subjectively effortful tasks, particularly over a long time course. We suggest that the anterior cingulate cortex plays a critical role by encoding the utility of an action, and signalling where efforts should be best directed based on previous and prospected experience.

scholarly journals NMDA GluN2C/2D receptors contribute to synaptic regulation and plasticity in the anterior cingulate cortex of adult mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi-Yu Chen ◽  
Xu-Hui Li ◽  
Jing-Shan Lu ◽  
Yinglu Liu ◽  
Jung-Hyun Alex Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Glutamate Release ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Cortical Region ◽  
Adult Mice

Abstract Introduction N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play a critical role in different forms of plasticity in the central nervous system. NMDARs are always assembled in tetrameric form, in which two GluN1 subunits and two GluN2 and/or GluN3 subunits combine together. Previous studies focused mainly on the hippocampus. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a key cortical region for sensory and emotional functions. NMDAR GluN2A and GluN2B subunits have been previously investigated, however much less is known about the GluN2C/2D subunits. Results In the present study, we found that the GluN2C/2D subunits are expressed in the pyramidal cells of ACC of adult mice. Application of a selective antagonist of GluN2C/2D, (2R*,3S*)-1-(9-bromophenanthrene-3-carbonyl) piperazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (UBP145), significantly reduced NMDAR-mediated currents, while synaptically evoked EPSCs were not affected. UBP145 affected neither the postsynaptic long-term potentiation (post-LTP) nor the presynaptic LTP (pre-LTP). Furthermore, the long-term depression (LTD) was also not affected by UBP145. Finally, both UBP145 decreased the frequency of the miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs) while the amplitude remained intact, suggesting that the GluN2C/2D may be involved in presynaptic regulation of spontaneous glutamate release. Conclusions Our results provide direct evidence that the GluN2C/2D contributes to evoked NMDAR mediated currents and mEPSCs in the ACC, which may have significant physiological implications.

scholarly journals Neuropathic Pain Linked to Defective Dopaminergic Inhibition in Anterior Cingulate Cortex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Lançon ◽  
Edita Navratilova ◽  
Frank Porreca ◽  
Philippe Séguéla
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Input Resistance ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Hcn Channels ◽  
Prefrontal Region ◽  
Affective Components

AbstractPyramidal neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a prefrontal region involved in processing the affective components of pain, display hyperexcitability in chronic neuropathic conditions and their silencing abolishes hyperalgesia in rodents. We show here that dopamine, through D1-like receptor signaling, inhibits layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons of mouse ACC. Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels control the firing activity of these pyramidal neurons. Through Gs-coupled D1-like receptors, dopamine induces the opening of HCN channels at physiological membrane potentials, driving a significant decrease in input resistance and excitability. Systemic L-DOPA rescues HCN channel activity, pyramidal excitability in ACC as well as sensory phenotype in neuropathic mice while microinjection of a selective D1-like agonist in ACC induces relief of ongoing pain in neuropathic animals. We conclude that decreased dopaminergic inhibition in ACC plays a critical role in an abnormal top-down modulation leading to neuropathic pain.

scholarly journals Macaque anterior cingulate cortex deactivation impairs performance and alters lateral prefrontal oscillatory activities in a rule-switching task

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liya Ma ◽  
Jason L. Chan ◽  
Kevin Johnston ◽  
Stephen G. Lomber ◽  
Stefan Everling
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Phase Amplitude ◽  
Switching Task

SUMMARYIn primates, both the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) are key regions of the frontoparietal cognitive control network. To study the role of the dACC and its communication with the dlPFC in cognitive control, we recorded the local field potentials from the dlPFC before and during the reversible deactivation of the dACC, in macaque monkeys engaging in uncued switches between two stimulus-response rules. Cryogenic dACC deactivation impaired response accuracy during rule-maintenance, but not rule-switching, which coincided with a reduction in the correct-error difference in dlPFC beta activities specifically during maintenance of the more challenging rule. During both rule switching and maintenance, dACC deactivation prolonged the animals’ reaction time and reduced task-related theta/alpha activities in the dlPFC; it also weakened dlPFC theta-gamma phase-amplitude modulation. Thus, the dACC and its interaction with the dlPFC plays a critical role in the maintenance of a new, challenging rule.

scholarly journals The Neural Basis of Predictive Pursuit

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seng Bum Michael Yoo ◽  
Jiaxin Cindy Tu ◽  
Steven T. Piantadosi ◽  
Benjamin Yost Hayden
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Explicit Representation ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACTIt remains unclear how and to what extent non-human animals make demanding on-the-fly predictions during pursuit. We studied this problem in a novel laboratory pursuit task that incentivizes prediction of future prey positions. We trained three macaques to perform joystick-controlled pursuit of prey that followed intelligent escape algorithms. Subjects reliably aimed towards the prey’s likely future positions, indicating that they generate internal predictions and use those predictions to guide behavior. We then developed a generative model that explains real-time pursuit trajectories and showed that our subjects use prey position, velocity, and acceleration to make predictions. We identified neurons in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) whose responses track these three variables. These neurons multiplexed prediction-related variables with a distinct and explicit representation of the prey’s future position. Our results provide a clear demonstration that the brain can explicitly represent future predictions and highlight the critical role of anterior cingulate cortex for future-oriented cognition.One-sentence summaryIn a dynamic pursuit environment, monkeys actively predict future prey positions and dACC neurons encode these future positions.

scholarly journals Anterior cingulate cortex encoding of effortful behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 701-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blake S. Porter ◽  
Kristin L. Hillman ◽  
David K. Bilkey
Keyword(s):  
Firing Rate ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Multiple Behaviors

An animal’s ability to assess the value of their behaviors to minimize energy use while maximizing goal achievement is critical to its survival. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been previously shown to play a critical role in this behavioral optimization process, especially when animals are faced with effortful behaviors. In the present study, we designed a novel task to investigate the role of the ACC in evaluating behaviors that varied in effort but all resulted in the same outcome. We recorded single unit activity from the ACC as rats ran back and forth in a shuttle box that could be tilted to different tilt angles (0, 15, and 25°) to manipulate effort. Overall, a majority of ACC neurons showed selective firing to specific effort conditions. During effort expenditure, ACC units showed a consistent firing rate bias toward the downhill route compared with the more difficult uphill route, regardless of the tilt angle of the apparatus. Once rats completed a run and received their fixed reward, ACC units also showed a clear firing rate preference for the single condition with the highest relative value (25° downhill). To assess effort preferences, we used a choice version of our task and confirmed that rats prefer downhill routes to uphill routes when given the choice. Overall, these results help to elucidate the functional role of the ACC in monitoring and evaluating effortful behaviors that may then bias decision-making toward behaviors with the highest utility. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We developed a novel effort paradigm to investigate how the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) responds to behaviors with varied degrees of physical effort and how changes in effort influence the ACC’s evaluation of behavioral outcomes. Our results provide evidence for a wider role of the ACC in its ability to motivate effortful behaviors and evaluate the outcome of multiple behaviors within an environment.

scholarly journals Inhibition of the cAMP/PKA/CREB Pathway Contributes to the Analgesic Effects of Electroacupuncture in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex in a Rat Pain Memory Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Mei Shao ◽  
Jing Sun ◽  
Yong-Liang Jiang ◽  
Bo-Yi Liu ◽  
Zui Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Camp Response Element Binding ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Memory Model ◽  
Pain Memory ◽  
Creb Pathway

Pain memory is considered as endopathic factor underlying stubborn chronic pain. Our previous study demonstrated that electroacupuncture (EA) can alleviate retrieval of pain memory. This study was designed to observe the different effects between EA and indomethacin (a kind of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs, NSAIDs) in a rat pain memory model. To explore the critical role of protein kinase A (PKA) in pain memory, a PKA inhibitor was microinjected into anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in model rats. We further investigated the roles of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), PKA, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway in pain memory to explore the potential molecular mechanism. The results showed that EA alleviates the retrieval of pain memory while indomethacin failed. Intra-ACC microinjection of a PKA inhibitor blocked the occurrence of pain memory. EA reduced the activation of cAMP, PKA, and CREB and the coexpression levels of cAMP/PKA and PKA/CREB in the ACC of pain memory model rats, but indomethacin failed. The present findings identified a critical role of PKA in ACC in retrieval of pain memory. We propose that the proper mechanism of EA on pain memory is possibly due to the partial inhibition of cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway by EA.

Calcium-Stimulated Adenylyl Cyclases Required for Long-Term Potentiation in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 878-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Liauw ◽  
Long-Jun Wu ◽  
Min Zhuo
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Adenylyl Cyclases ◽  
Voltage Gated Calcium Channels ◽  
Term Potentiation ◽  
Activity Dependent

Activity-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CNS is thought to be important in learning, memory, development, and persistent pain. Here, we report that NMDA receptor-dependent LTP is the major form of long-term plasticity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). In addition to N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, L-type voltage-gated calcium channels are also required for inducing LTP. Activation of calcium-stimulated adenylyl cyclase subtype 1 (AC1) is essential for the induction of LTP in ACC neurons, while AC8 subunit partially contributes to forskolin-induced potentiation. Our results suggest that calcium-stimulated cAMP-dependent signaling pathways play a critical role in cingulate LTP.

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