scholarly journals Serial dependence tracks objects and scenes independently

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thérèse Collins
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Scene Perception ◽  
Temporal Integration ◽  
Object Perception ◽  
Serial Dependence ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Individual Object ◽  
Ensemble Perception ◽  
Visual Attribute ◽  
Feature Values

The visual world is made up of objects and scenes. Object perception requires both discriminating an individual object from others and binding together different perceptual samples of that object across time. Such binding manifests by serial dependence, the attraction of the current perception of a visual attribute towards values of that attribute seen in the recent past. Scene perception is subserved by global mechanisms like ensemble perception, the rapid extraction of the average feature value of a group of objects. The current study examined to what extent the perception of single objects in multi-object scenes depended on previous feature values of that object, or on the average previous attribute of all objects in the scene. Results show that serial dependence occurs independently on two simultaneously present objects, that ensemble perception depends on previous ensembles, and that serial dependence of an individual object occurs only on the features of that particular object. These results suggest that the temporal integration of successive perceptual samples operates simultaneously at independent levels of visual processing.

scholarly journals Perceptual history acts in world-centred coordinates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyriaki Mikellidou ◽  
Guido Marco Cicchini ◽  
David C. Burr
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Integration ◽  
Bias Current ◽  
Serial Dependence ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Fixed Position ◽  
Reproduction Task

AbstractSerial dependence effects have been observed using a variety of stimuli and tasks, revealing that the recent past can bias current percepts, leading to increased similarity between two. The aim of this study is to determine whether this temporal integration occurs in egocentric or allocentric coordinates. We ask participants to perform an orientation reproduction task using grating stimuli while the head is kept at a fixed position throughout the whole session or while alternating position from one trial to the next, from left (−20°) to right (+20°), putting the egocentric and allocentric cues in conflict. Under these conditions, allocentric cues prevail.

scholarly journals The perceptual continuity field is retinotopic

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thérèse Collins
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Serial Dependence ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Retinal Position ◽  
External Space ◽  
Brain Level ◽  
Spatial Window ◽  
Late Stages ◽  
The Brain

AbstractVisual perception is systematically biased towards input from the recent past: perceived orientation, numerosity, and face identity are pulled towards previously seen stimuli. To better understand the brain level at which serial dependence occurs, the present study examined its spatial tuning. In three experiments, serial dependence occurred between stimuli occupying the same retinal position. Serial dependence between stimuli at distant retinal locations was smaller, even when the stimuli occupied the same location in external space. The spatial window over which serial dependence occurs is thus retinotopic, but wide, suggesting that serial dependence occurs at late stages of visual processing.

scholarly journals Perceptual History Acts in World-Centred Coordinates

i-Perception ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 204166952110293
Author(s):  
Kyriaki Mikellidou ◽  
Guido Marco Cicchini ◽  
David C. Burr
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Integration ◽  
Bias Current ◽  
Serial Dependence ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Fixed Position ◽  
Reproduction Task

Serial dependence effects have been observed using a variety of stimuli and tasks, revealing that the recent past can bias current percepts, leading to increased similarity between two. The aim of this study is to determine whether this temporal integration occurs in egocentric or allocentric coordinates. We asked participants to perform an orientation reproduction task using grating stimuli while the head was kept at a fixed position, or after a 40° yaw rotation between trials, from left (−20°) to right (+20°), putting the egocentric and allocentric cues in conflict. Under these conditions, allocentric cues prevailed.

scholarly journals Serial dependence alters perceived object appearance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thérèse Collins
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Integration ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Serial Dependence ◽  
Visual Objects ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Perceptual Stability ◽  
Visual Attribute ◽  
Object Appearance ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Response Determination

The visual world is constantly changing, in contrast with human perceptual experience which is smooth and stable. One of the posited psychological mechanisms that may contribute to this constructed perceptual stability is the continuity field, a spatio-temporal integration window. The current study examined whether the continuity field, as quantified by serial dependence between reported attributes of successive visual stimuli, influenced the subjective appearance of objects or decisional stages in response determination. To do so, an oddball task required participants to directly compare visual objects, and decorrelated responses (present/absent) from the visual attribute on which serial dependence may occur (orientation). Results showed that serial dependence could cause a single visual object to appear different from surrounding distractors, leading to modulations of performance. These results argue in favor of an early, perceptual level of serial dependence.

scholarly journals Latent atrophy factors related to phenotypical variants of posterior cortical atrophy

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. e1672-e1685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Groot ◽  
B.T. Thomas Yeo ◽  
Jacob W. Vogel ◽  
Xiuming Zhang ◽  
Nanbo Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Space Perception ◽  
Object Perception ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Posterior Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
The Right

ObjectiveTo determine whether atrophy relates to phenotypical variants of posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) recently proposed in clinical criteria (i.e., dorsal, ventral, dominant-parietal, and caudal) we assessed associations between latent atrophy factors and cognition.MethodsWe employed a data-driven Bayesian modeling framework based on latent Dirichlet allocation to identify latent atrophy factors in a multicenter cohort of 119 individuals with PCA (age 64 ± 7 years, 38% male, Mini-Mental State Examination 21 ± 5, 71% β-amyloid positive, 29% β-amyloid status unknown). The model uses standardized gray matter density images as input (adjusted for age, sex, intracranial volume, MRI scanner field strength, and whole-brain gray matter volume) and provides voxelwise probabilistic maps for a predetermined number of atrophy factors, allowing every individual to express each factor to a degree without a priori classification. Individual factor expressions were correlated to 4 PCA-specific cognitive domains (object perception, space perception, nonvisual/parietal functions, and primary visual processing) using general linear models.ResultsThe model revealed 4 distinct yet partially overlapping atrophy factors: right-dorsal, right-ventral, left-ventral, and limbic. We found that object perception and primary visual processing were associated with atrophy that predominantly reflects the right-ventral factor. Furthermore, space perception was associated with atrophy that predominantly represents the right-dorsal and right-ventral factors. However, individual participant profiles revealed that the large majority expressed multiple atrophy factors and had mixed clinical profiles with impairments across multiple domains, rather than displaying a discrete clinical–radiologic phenotype.ConclusionOur results indicate that specific brain behavior networks are vulnerable in PCA, but most individuals display a constellation of affected brain regions and symptoms, indicating that classification into 4 mutually exclusive variants is unlikely to be clinically useful.

scholarly journals Limitations on animacy categorization in ensemble perception

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladislav Khvostov ◽  
Yuri Markov ◽  
Timothy F. Brady ◽  
Igor Utochkin
Keyword(s):  
Poor Performance ◽  
Object Categorization ◽  
Visual Features ◽  
Multiple Objects ◽  
Individual Object ◽  
Ensemble Perception ◽  
Entire Visual Field ◽  
Good Individual ◽  
Distribution Type ◽  
Individual Objects

Many studies have shown that people can rapidly and efficiently categorize the animacy of individual objects and scenes, even with few visual features available. Does this necessarily mean that the visual system has an unlimited capacity to process animacy across the entire visual field? We tested this in an ensemble task requiring observers to judge the relative numerosity of animate vs. inanimate items in briefly presented sets of multiple objects. We generated a set of morphed “animacy continua” between pairs of animal and inanimate object silhouettes and tested them in both individual object categorization and ensemble enumeration. For the ensemble task, we manipulated the ratio between animate and inanimate items present in the display and we also presented two types of animacy distributions: “segmentable” (including only definitely animate and definitely inanimate items) or “non-segmentable” (middle-value, ambiguous morphs pictures were shown along with the definite “extremes”). Our results showed that observers failed to integrate animacy information from multiple items, as they showed very poor performance in the ensemble task and were not sensitive to the distribution type despite their categorization rate for individual objects being near 100%. A control condition using the same design with color as a category-defining dimension elicited both good individual object and ensemble categorization performance and a strong effect of the segmentability type. We conclude that good individual categorization does not necessarily allow people to build ensemble animacy representations, thus showing the limited capacity of animacy perception.

scholarly journals Refixation Patterns of Mind-wandering during Real-world Scene Perception

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Zhang ◽  
Nicola C Anderson ◽  
Kevin Miller
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Real World ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Scene Perception ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Quantification Analysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Thought Probes

Recent studies have shown that mind-wandering (MW) is associated with changes in eye movement parameters, but have not explored how MW affects the sequential pattern of eye movements involved in making sense of complex visual information. Eye movements naturally unfold over time and this process may reveal novel information about cognitive processing during MW. The current study used Recurrence Quantification Analysis (Anderson, Bischof, Laidlaw, Risko, & Kingstone, 2013) to describe the pattern of refixations (fixations directed to previously-inspected regions) during MW. Participants completed a real-world scene encoding task and responded to thought probes assessing intentional and unintentional MW. Both types of MW were associated with worse memory of the scenes. Importantly, RQA showed that scanpaths during unintentional MW were more repetitive than during on-task episodes, as indicated by a higher recurrence rate and more stereotypical fixation sequences. This increased repetitiveness suggests an adaptive response to processing failures through re-examining previous locations. Moreover, this increased repetitiveness contributed to fixations focusing on a smaller spatial scale of the stimuli. Finally, we were also able to validate several traditional measures: both intentional and unintentional MW were associated with fewer and longer fixations; Eye-blinking increased numerically during both types of MW but the difference was only significant for unintentional MW. Overall, the results advanced our understanding of how visual processing is affected during MW by highlighting the sequential aspect of eye movements.

scholarly journals Behavioral and Neuroimaging Evidence for a Contribution of Color and Texture Information to Scene Classification in a Patient with Visual Form Agnosia

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 955-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer K. E. Steeves ◽  
G. Keith Humphrey ◽  
Jody C. Culham ◽  
Ravi S. Menon ◽  
A. David Milner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scene Perception ◽  
Object Perception ◽  
Visual Texture ◽  
Visual Form ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Form Vision ◽  
Common Notion ◽  
Vision Deficits ◽  
Behavioral Evidence ◽  
Parahippocampal Place Area

A common notion is that object perception is a necessary precursor to scene perception. Behavioral evidence suggests, however, that scene perception can operate independently of object perception. Further, neuroimaging has revealed a specialized human cortical area for viewing scenes that is anatomically distinct from areas activated by viewing objects. Here we show that an individual with visual form agnosia, D.F., who has a profound deficit in object recognition but spared color and visual texture perception, could still classify scenes and that she was fastest when the scenes were presented in the appropriate color. When scenes were presented as black-and-white images, she made a large number of errors in classification. Functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed selective activation in the parahippocampal place area (PPA) when D.F. viewed scenes. Unlike control observers, D.F. demonstrated higher activation in the PPA for scenes presented in the appropriate color than for black-and-white versions. The results demonstrate that an individual with profound form vision deficits can still use visual texture and color to classify scenes—and that this intact ability is reflected in differential activation of the PPA with colored versions of scenes.

scholarly journals Asymmetric Temporal Integration of Layer 4 and Layer 2/3 Inputs in Visual Cortex

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 347-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giao B. Hang ◽  
Yang Dan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Temporal Integration ◽  
Cortical Inhibition ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Layer 2 ◽  
Layer 4 ◽  
The Difference

Neocortical neurons in vivo receive concurrent synaptic inputs from multiple sources, including feedforward, horizontal, and feedback pathways. Layer 2/3 of the visual cortex receives feedforward input from layer 4 and horizontal input from layer 2/3. Firing of the pyramidal neurons, which carries the output to higher cortical areas, depends critically on the interaction of these pathways. Here we examined synaptic integration of inputs from layer 4 and layer 2/3 in rat visual cortical slices. We found that the integration is sublinear and temporally asymmetric, with larger responses if layer 2/3 input preceded layer 4 input. The sublinearity depended on inhibition, and the asymmetry was largely attributable to the difference between the two inhibitory inputs. Interestingly, the asymmetric integration was specific to pyramidal neurons, and it strongly affected their spiking output. Thus via cortical inhibition, the temporal order of activation of layer 2/3 and layer 4 pathways can exert powerful control of cortical output during visual processing.

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